| 6 Afro-Asiatic | 6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Omotic | VNC → VːC[+voiced]
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| 6.2.2 Proto-Erythrean to Proto-North Erythrean | V{j,w} → Vː / C_C
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| 6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic | V → Vː / C_CV in U[-stress]
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| V → Vː / _# + suffix
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| 6.2.2.1.17 Classical Arabic to Tunisian Arabic | V(ː) → Vː / in accented or stressed monosyllables
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| 7 Algonquian | 7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho | ({C,#}V)ʔ → ({C,#}Vː)∅ / _C
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| 7.3.2 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Gros Ventre | ({C,#}V[-long])ʔ → ({C,#}Vː[+falling tone])∅ / _C
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| 7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee | V → Vː “when V is the second vowel of a word and follows a short-vowel syllable. Does not apply in glottal words”
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| V → Vː / _CC in even syllables
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| 8 Altaic | 8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyz | æ Vh {ʕ,h} → ɑː Vː ∅ (seems to have largely been confined to loanwords from Persian)
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| 10 Austronesian | 10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese | V → Vː / ə(C…?)_
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| 10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput | V[+stress] → Vː / _C# ! V = ə and/or C = h “(applies to diphthongal nuclei as well a[s] monophthongs)”
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| 10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa | ”V → Vː (usually)
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| 17 Indo-European | 17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite | V → Vː / in ”U[+open]
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| 17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwian | V → Vː / in ”U[+open]
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| V → Vː / in #”U
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| 17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic | V → Vː / ”U[+open]
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| 17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish | V → Vː / _#, when stressed; “[t]his remained as a phonologically conditioned rule in OIr”
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| VOR → VːR; “this is a tad unclear, because in some instances it didn’t seem to apply”
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| 17.7.2.1 West Germanic to Anglo-Frisian | VN → Ṽː / _F
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| 17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots | — V → Vː / _{r,F[+voiced],$,#}
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| 17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots | V → Vː / _{r,F[+ voice],V,#}
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| 17.7.2.1.11 Scots to Falkirk Scots | V → Ṽː / _nC “(works across word boundaries)”
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| 17.7.2.2.1 Old Low Franconian to Middle Dutch | V[-long +stress] → Vː / in open syllables (ʏ → {œː,øː} here but this is not phonemically important; there seem to have been qualitative differences between original long vowels and long vowels resulting from this change—lengthened iː seems to have become eː, but lengthened aː merged with original aː); does not affect original long vowels or vowels in diphthongs
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| 17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German | V → Vː / _%, when stressed (except for /ə/?)
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| V → Vː / _r{t,d,s,ts} (except /ə/)
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| V → Vː / in some monosyllables ending in alveolar resonants or vowels
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| V → Vː / by analogy in some cases
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| 17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse | Vn → Vː / _hV
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| 17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse | V → Vː / _l{P,w,k,#}
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| ai wi (w)V → eː weː (w)Vː / _h#
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| {æ,e}i ai au w{ɪ,i} wy wV iu Vː → eː aː oː weː woː wVː eː oː V
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| V{θ,ð} → Vː / #(C)(C)(C)_{l,r}
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| Ṽ → Vː / in #U (maybe only ı̃?)
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| uN yN iN VN → o øː eː Vː / _{s,f}
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| 17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic | V → Vː / _(C)#, in monosyllables
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| V → Vː / ! _CCV, in polysyllables
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| 17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greek | Vns → V(ː)s (Tucker says that “[i]n a few Doric dialects the lengthening did not occur”)
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| 17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| VCw → VːC
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| 17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan | VH → Vː / _{C,#}
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| 17.10.1.1 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Central Middle Indo-Aryan | VN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
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| 17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan | VN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
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| 17.10.1.3 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Northwestern Middle Indo-Aryan | VN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
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| 17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-Aryan | VN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
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| 17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin | V → Vː / _zC[+voiced]
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| V → Vː / _S[+voiced]{S[-voiced],F[-voiced]}; “(i, e, and o sometimes bypass this)”
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| V → Vː / _z{l,r}
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| V → Vː / _{t,d}t
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| V → {Vː,V[+nas]} / _n{f,s}
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| 17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan | VV → Vː (“For outcomes of word-final vowels, see down below”)
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| 17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French | — V0V0 → V0ː
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| 17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese | V0V0 → V0ː
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| 17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal | VN → Vː / _S (except for the prefixes con-, in-); I’m assuming this change happened in Vulgar Latin and then vowel length went to quality
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| 17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanian | V0V0 → V0ː
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| 18 Je-Tupı́-Carib | 18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama | V0ʔV0 → V0ː
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| 18.4.9.1.3 Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró to Cinta Larga | Vh → Vː
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| V → Vː / _#
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| 28 Muskogean | 28 Muskogean | V → V̂ː / _Cko, ko lost?
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| 28.1.2 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Creek | V1kV2 → V2ː / #((C)V(C))(C)_#
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| V0xV0 → V0ː
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| 31 Nyulnyulan | 31.1 Proto-Nyulnyulan to Bardi | V → Vː / when stressed ?
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| 33 Penutian | 33.2.1 Proto-Wintuan to Nomlaki | VrV → {Vː,M}
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| 33.3.1.3 Buena Vista Yokuts to Tulamni | Vʔ → Vː / stressed
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| 35 Salishan | 35.1.1 Proto-Central Salish to Comox | V3ʔ → V3(ː)ʔ / _#
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| 35.1.2 Proto-Central Salish to Chilliwack Halkomelem | V3h → V3ː / _C
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| V3ʔ → V3(ː) / _#
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| V3ʔ → V3ː / _O
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| V3ʔR → V3ːR
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| 35.1.3 Proto-Central Salish to Cowichan Halkomelem | V3h → V3ː / _C
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| V03ʔ(V0) → {V03ː,V03ʔV0}
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| V3ʔR → {V3ʔR,V3ːRʔ} / _V
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| 35.1.4 Proto-Central Salish to Musqueam Halkomelem | V3h → V3ː / _C
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| V3ʔ → V3{ː,ʔ} / _O
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| V03ʔV0 → {V3ː,V03ʔV0}
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| V3ʔR → {V3ʔR,V3ːRʔ} / _V
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| 35.1.6 Proto-Central Salish to Lushootseed | V3h → V3{ː,ʔ} / _C
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| 35.1.9 Proto-Central Salish to Saanich Northern Straits | V3h → V3(ː) / _C
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| 35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern Straits | V3h → V3ː / _C
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| 37 Siouan-Iroquoian | 37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee | {wV,jV} → Vː[+low falling tone]
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| Vʔ → Vː[+low falling tone] / _C
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| {Vh,Vʔ} → Vː / _#
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| ∅ → Vː[+high rising tone] / C_# (“usually one of [/aː iː ʌ̃ː/ with this tone], the conditions are unclear”)
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| 37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian | ”V → ”Vː / “in open penultimate syllables followed by a non-glottal consonant”
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| 37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga | V → Vː / _C[-glottal] “in even-numbered syllables when accented or immediately before the accent”
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| ”V0V0 → V0ː[-accent]
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| 37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot | Vh → Vː / _R
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| 37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga | Vw → Vː / _{r,j}
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| ”V → ”Vː / _C(R)V
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| V → Vː / _”C[-glottal](R)V{ː,H} in “even numbered syllables only”
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| V → Vː / _KRV “in the second syllable of a word”
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| Vr → Vː / _C
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| rV → Vː / C_
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| 37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida | ”V → ”Vː[+falling tone] / _{ʔ,hR}
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| 37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida | ”Vː[-falling tone]CV → Vː”CV
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| ”V → ”Vː / _ʔ
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| — Vː[+falling tone]C(C)V(H) → V̊ː[+falling tone]C̊(C̊)V̊(H̊) / _#
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| — CVː[+falling tone] → C̊V̊ː[+falling tone] / _#
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| 37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca | V → Vː / _{t,k(ʷ),s,n,r,j,w} “in even penultimate syllables”
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| Vh → Vː / _{n,w,j}
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| 37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora | ”V → ”Vː / _n in “penultimate syllables only”
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| ”V → ”Vː / _{k(ʷ),(ˀ)t}{s,R,H} (“penultimate syllables only”)
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| ”V → ”Vː / _RR
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| 38 Tai-Kadai | 38.1.1.1 Proto-Tai to Ahom | V → Vː / _%
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| 38.1.1.2 Proto-Tai to Saek | V → Vː / _%
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| 38.1.1.3 Proto-Tai to Central Tai | V → Vː / _%
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| 38.1.1.3.1 Central Tai to Lungchow | V → Vː / _V
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| 38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai | V → Vː / _%
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| 38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai | V → Vː / _%
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| 42 Uralic | 42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic | V → Vː / _#
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| 42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish | V → Vː / h_hC
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| V → Vː / _hC (sporadic)
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| VU → Vː / _#
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| 42.1.1.1.2 Standard Finnish to Modern Standard Finnish | Va → Vː / unstressed
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| 42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian | Vn → Vː / _s
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| Vh → Vːɦ / _C, except maybe ! _j and/or _ʋ
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| VCːɑ → VːCɑ
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| V → Vː / _RC(C)ɑ (includes diphthongs)
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| 43 Uto-Aztecan | 43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisu | uV Vː → uː Vː (not sure if this occurs before or after the previous change)
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| 46 Vowel Shifts | 46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shifts | — V → Vː / _{r,F[+voiced],$,#}
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| 46.11 Middle Chinese to Cantonese Vowel Shift (“The Inner-Outer Flip”) | V → Vː / _#
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