Index Diachronica: involving /kʷ/

173 results from /kʷ/   40 results to /kʷ/   25 results with context involving /kʷ/   

kʰʷ kʲʷː plain kʷʰ kʷʲʼ kʷʼ kʷː

from /kʷ/

173 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic6.2.1.1.1 Proto-Agaw to Awngikʼ kʷʼ → {ɣ,q} ɣʷ
6.2.1.1.3 Proto-Agaw to Kemantneykʷʼ → χʷ
7 Algonquian7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot{k(ʷ)es,keθ} → sː
10 Austronesian10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakelkʷ → {w,u}
10.3.11.3.3 Proto-Tanna to North Tannakʷ → p / _#
kʷ → ∅ / _u
kʷ → ∅ / _a (rare)
kʷ → {w,u}
10.3.11.3.5 Proto-Tanna to Whitesandskʷ → ∅ / u_
kʷ → ∅ / _u
10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan{qʷ,ku,qu} → kʷ (note that PAn might have had *qʷ *kʷ → q {k,w} instead; may be a change from POn-PAn, if it existed)
10.5.1 Proto-Ongan to Jarawak(ʷ) → h(ʷ)
12 Northwest Caucasian12.1 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Abazgikʷː → ɡʷ
kʷʲʼ → kʷʼ
12.2.1.1 Adyghe to Abadzekh Adyghepː tː tsː tsʷ ʃː tʃː tɕː kʲː kʷː qː~qχ qʷː~qχʷ → p t ts tʃʷ ʃ ɕ tɕ tʃ kʷ qː qʷ
12.2.1.3 Adyghe to Shapsug Adyghepː tː tsː tsʷː ʃː tsː tcː kʲː kʷː qː~qχ qʷː~qχʷ → p t ts tʃʷ ʃ tʃ tɕ kʲ kʷ χ~q χʷ~qʷ
12.2.1.4 Adyghe to Temirgoy Adyghekʲ(ː) kʲʼ kʷː ɡʲ → tʃ tʃʼ kʷ dʑ
12.2.2 Proto-Circassian to Kabardianpː tː tsː tsʷː ʃː {tʃː,tɕː} kʷː qː~qχ qʷː~qχʷ → b d dz v ɕ ʒ dʒ ɡʷ qʼ~qχ qʷʼ~qχʷ
12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykhkʷː xʷ → ɡʷ x
kʲʷː xʲʷ ɣʲʷ(?) → ɡʲ kʲʼ xʲ ʁʲ
17 Indo-European17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albaniankʷ → s / _”E?
kʷ → c / _B?
kʷ → k / else?
17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albaniankʷ → s / _”E?
kʷ → c / _B?
kʷ → k / else?
17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwiankʷ → w
17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lyciankʷ → t / _E
kʷ → k / _E, in Milyan
17.3.1 Proto-Indo-European to Artsakh Armeniankʷ → tʃʰ / _{e,i}
t k(ʷ) → d ɡ / {N,L}_
p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
17.3.2 Proto-Indo-European to Erevan Armeniankʷ → tʃʰ / _{e,i}
t k(ʷ) → d ɡ / {N,L}_
p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
17.3.3 Proto-Indo-European to Istanbul Armeniankʷ → tʃʰ / _{e,i}
t k(ʷ) → d ɡ / {N,L}_
p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
17.3.4 Proto-Indo-European to Kharpert Armeniankʷ → tʃʰ / _{e,i}
t k(ʷ) → d ɡ / {N,L}_
p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
17.3.5 Proto-Indo-European to Sebastia Armeniankʷ → tʃʰ / _{e,i}
t k(ʷ) → d ɡ / {N,L}_
p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
17.3.6 Proto-Indo-European to Southeast Armeniankʷ → tʃʰ / _{e,i}
t k(ʷ) → d ɡ / {N,L}_
p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
17.3.7 Proto-Indo-European to Southwest Armeniankʷ → tʃʰ / _{e,i}
t k(ʷ) → d ɡ / {N,L}_
p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
17.4.1 Proto-Indo-European to Avestank(ʷ) ɡ(ʷ)(ʱ) → tʃ dʒ / _E
k kʷ ɡ(ʷ)(ʱ) → x k ɡ / else
17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic— p…kʷ → kʷ…kʷ
17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irishp t k kʷ b d ɡ m n l r s → f θ x xʷ v ð ɣ M N L R h / V(#)_{R,V} (“We don’t know the exact values of lenited /m n l r/. We can guess that lenited m became a nasalized labial continuant of some sort, but beyond that, we don’t know.”)
p t k kʷ b d ɡ ∅ → b d ɡ ɡʷ mb nd ŋɡ n / n#_”V
17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welshkʷ → p
17.6 Proto-Indo-European to Dacian{kʷ,kw} {ɡʷ,ɡw} → tʃ dʒ (→ s~z z ?) / _E
{kʷ,kw} {ɡʷ,ɡw} → k ɡ / else
17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greekkʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → t tʰ d / _E
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → p pʰ b / _{a,o,C}
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greekkʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → t tʰ d / _E
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → p pʰ b / _{a,o,C}
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greekkʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → t tʰ d / _E
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → p pʰ b / _{a,o,C}
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greekkʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → t tʰ d / _E
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → p pʰ b / _{a,o,C}
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greekkʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → t tʰ d / _E
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → p pʰ b / _{a,o,C}
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greekkʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → t tʰ d / _E
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → p pʰ b / _{a,o,C}
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greekkʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → t tʰ d / _E
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → p pʰ b / _{a,o,C}
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greekkʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → t tʰ d / _E
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → p pʰ b / _{a,o,C}
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greekkʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → t tʰ d / _E
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → p pʰ b / _{a,o,C}
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
17.8.10 Proto-Indo-European to Mycenaean Greekkʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → t tʰ d / _E
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → p pʰ b / _{a,o,C}
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
17.9 Proto-Indo-European to Hittitekʷ ɡʷ ɡʷʱ → ku ɡu ku
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latinkʷ → ∅ / C_C
kʷ → k / _{o,i,C}
p…kʷ → kʷ…kʷ
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalankʷ ɡʷ → k ɡ / #_{i,e}
kʷ → k / C_V
kʷ → ɡ / V_{i,e}
kʷ → k / #_a%”V
kʷ → ɡw / V_a
kʷ → kw / #_”a
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to Frenchkʷ → {v,u} / V_E
kʷ → j{v,u} / V_a
kʷ ɡʷ → k ɡ
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguesekʷ → kw / #_”a
kʷ ɡʷ → k ɡ / #_{i,e,o}
kʷ → ɡ / V_{i,e}
kʷ → k / VC_{a,i,e}
kʷ → ɡw / V_a
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençalkʷ ɡʷ → k ɡ / _B
kʷ ɡʷ → kw ɡw (in western dialects)
kʷ ɡʷ → k ɡ (else)
(kʷ → ɡʷ → ɡ ?)
{tʃ(ː),kʷ}j → ts
17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romaniankʷ ɡʷ → p b / V_a
17.12.2 Proto-Italic to Proto-Sibellianḱ ɡ́ kʷ ɡʷ → k ɡ p b
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharianp {ts,k(ʷ)} m n l r y → pj sʲ ʂ mj ɲ lj rj wj / _{E(:),y}
17.13.1 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian A{kʷ,kw} → k
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib18.2.1 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Proto-Jêŋʷ {kʷ,hʷ} → m p
18.2.2 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Ofaié-Xavantek(ʷ) → ʔ / _#
kʷ → k
18.3.1 Proto-Tuparí to Makurápkʷ → ∅
18.3.3 Proto-Tuparí to Tuparíkʷ ɡ → ∅ k
28 Muskogean28.1.2 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Creekkʷ → k / #_
kʷ → b
29 Na-Dene29.1.1 Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak to Proto-Athabaskank kʼ kʷ kʷʼ ɡ ɡʷ → kʲ kʲʼ tʂ tʂʼ ɡʲ ɖʐ
29.2 Proto-Na-Dene to Tlingitk(ʷ)ʼ → {x,k}(ʷ)ʼ
32 Oto-Manguean32.1.1 Proto-Chatino to Papabuco Chatinokʷ → ɾ / #_ek
kʷ → b / else
32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatinokʷ → w / _eːj
kʷ → w / _ek
kʷ → ʍ / ku_ (medial)
kʷ → kw / else
32.2 Proto-Oto-Manguean to Tlapaneckʷ → p
{ns,nt} nkʷ nj nw → (n)d (m)b r m
33 Penutian33.1.1.1 Proto-Costanoan to Chochenyokʷ → k / #_
kʷ → w / else
33.1.1.2 Proto-Utian to Proto-Miwokkʷ ʃ → w ʂ
33.1.1.3 Proto-Costanoan to Mutsunkʷ → k / #_
kʷ → {k,w} / else
33.1.1.4 Proto-Costanoan to Rumsenkʷ → k / #_
kʷ → {k,w} / else
37 Siouan-Iroquoian37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokeek kʷ → ts k / _i
t ts k kʷ → d dz ɡ ɡʷ / _V
37.1.2.1.1 Cayuga to Upper Cayugat k kʷ → d ɡ ɡʷ / _{V,R}
37.1.2.1.2 Cayuga to Lower Cayugatʔ tsʔ kʔ kʷʔ → tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ
t k kʷ → d ɡ ɡʷ / _{V,R} ! _V[-voiced]
37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huronkʷ → xʷ / V_V
37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondagat tʃ k(ʷ) → d dʒ ɡ(ʷ) / _{V,R}
37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk— t tʃ k(ʷ) → d dʒ ɡ(ʷ) / _{V,R}
37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneidat tʃ k(ʷ) → d dʒ ɡ(ʷ) / _{V,R}
37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca— t k(ʷ) → d ɡ(ʷ) / _{V,R}
37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarorat k(ʷ) → d ɡ(ʷ) / _{V,R}
38 Tai-Kadai38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai{pʰ,b} ɓ {tʰ,d} ɗ {kʰ,ɡ} {kʷʰ,ɡ} → p b t d k kʷ
38.1.1.5.2 Southwest Tai to Lükʷʰ ɣʷ → xʷ x(ʷ)
38.1.1.5.6 Southwest Tai to White Taikʷʰ ɣʷ → xʷ x(ʷ)
39 Tanoan39.1 Proto-Tanoan to Jimezk(ʷ)ʰ kʷ(ʼ) ɡ ɡʷ → h ɡ k kʷ
39.2 Proto-Tanoan to Kiowakʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ ɡʷ → k kʰ kʼ ɡ
39.3 Proto-Tanoan to Taoskʰ kʰʷ ɡ ɡʷ → x xʷ k w
39.4 Proto-Tanoan to Tewakʰ kʷʰ ɡʷ → x xʷ w
43 Uto-Aztecan43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisuhkʷ hʔ (h)S Sː → w ʔ S[+ voiced] S[- voiced - long] / V_V
43.5.1.2 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Mono(h)kʷ → hq(ʷ) / _{o,a}
43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odhamkʷ → b
45 Yuman-Cochimı́45.1.1 Proto-Pai to Chapaikʷ → k / _#
45.1.2 Proto-Pai to Paipaikʷ xʷ → k x / _#
45.1.3 Proto-Pai to Tipaikʷ xʷ → q χ / _# (the paper calls these “back velars”)

to /kʷ/

40 matches

7 Algonquian7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delawarekw pw mw → kʷ pʷ mʷ
10 Austronesian10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiwβʷ bʷ mʷ → w kʷ ŋʷ
10.3.9.3 Proto-Utupua to Tanibilit → {t,r,kʷ} / #_ (I’m not kidding. That’s what’s listed as the reflexes.)
t k → {t,r,kʷ,∅} ∅ / V_V
10.3.11.3 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Tanna{vʷ,w} → kʷ
10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan{qʷ,ku,qu} → kʷ (note that PAn might have had *qʷ *kʷ → q {k,w} instead; may be a change from POn-PAn, if it existed)
12 Northwest Caucasian12.1 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Abazgikʷʲʼ → kʷʼ
12.2.1.1 Adyghe to Abadzekh Adyghepː tː tsː tsʷ ʃː tʃː tɕː kʲː kʷː qː~qχ qʷː~qχʷ → p t ts tʃʷ ʃ ɕ tɕ tʃ kʷ qː qʷ
12.2.1.3 Adyghe to Shapsug Adyghepː tː tsː tsʷː ʃː tsː tcː kʲː kʷː qː~qχ qʷː~qχʷ → p t ts tʃʷ ʃ tʃ tɕ kʲ kʷ χ~q χʷ~qʷ
12.2.1.4 Adyghe to Temirgoy Adyghekʲ(ː) kʲʼ kʷː ɡʲ → tʃ tʃʼ kʷ dʑ
17 Indo-European17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic— p…kʷ → kʷ…kʷ
17.12 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Italicp → {p,kʷ}
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latinp…kʷ → kʷ…kʷ
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib18.3.2 Proto-Tuparí to Mekensɡʷ ŋɡ → kʷ k / _V[-nas]
ɡʷ → kʷ / #_V[+nas]
ŋʷ → kʷ / #_V[-nas]
25 Macro-Panoan25.1.1 Proto-Tacanan to Cavineñak → kʷ
25.1.2 Proto-Tacanan to Chamat k → k kʷ
25.1.3 Proto-Tacanan to Reyesanok → kʷ
25.1.4 Proto-Tacanan to Tacanak → kʷ / _a
k → kʷ / #_i
27 Mayan27.3 Proto-Mayan to HuastecankV[+round]C[+glide] → kʷ
29 Na-Dene29.1.1.1.9 Proto-Athabaskan to Dogribts tsʰ tsʼ s z → kʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ ʍ w
29.1.1.1.29 Proto-Athabaskan to Bearlake Slavey-Harets tsʰ tsʼ s z → kʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ ʍ w
29.1.1.1.30 Proto-Athabaskan to Hare Slavey-Harets tsʰ tsʼ {s,z} → {kʷ,p} f wˀ w
29.2 Proto-Na-Dene to Tlingitk(ʷ)ʼ → {x,k}(ʷ)ʼ
35 Salishan35.1.5 Proto-Central Salish to Klallamw j → kʷ tʃ / _V
35.1.9 Proto-Central Salish to Saanich Northern Straitsj w → tʃ kʷ / _V
35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern Straitsj w → tʃ kʷ / _V
35.1.11 Proto-Central Salish to Sooke Northern Straitsj w → tʃ kʷ / _V
37 Siouan-Iroquoian37.1 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Iroquoianp → kʷ / else
37.1.2.1.2 Cayuga to Lower Cayugatʔ tsʔ kʔ kʷʔ → tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ
38 Tai-Kadai38.1.1.3 Proto-Tai to Central Taixʷ ɣʷ → kʷʰ {v,w}
38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai{pʰ,b} ɓ {tʰ,d} ɗ {kʰ,ɡ} {kʷʰ,ɡ} → p b t d k kʷ
38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Taiɡʷ → kʷʰ
38.1.1.5.1 Southwest Tai to Laoxʷ ɣʷ → kʷ ɡʷ
38.1.1.5.3 Southwest Tai to Shanxʷ → kʷ
38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamesexʷ ɣʷ → kʷ ɡʷ
38.1.1.5.5 Southwest Tai to Black Taixʷ ɣʷ → kʷ ɡʷ
39 Tanoan39.1 Proto-Tanoan to Jimezk(ʷ)ʰ kʷ(ʼ) ɡ ɡʷ → h ɡ k kʷ

with context involving /kʷ/

25 matches

7 Algonquian7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot{a,e,i} → o / _kʷ
7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee DelawareCʷ → C / _ə{(C){p,kʷ},m,w}
ə → o / _h{p,kʷ,w,m}
ə → o / _x{p,kʷ,V[+round]}
ə → o / _ŋkʷ
23 Macro-Chibchan23.1.1.1.2 Proto-Chibchan to Chibchab → p / _Vkʷ
32 Oto-Manguean32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatinok → tʃ / _Ek(ʷ)
37 Siouan-Iroquoian37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayugaʔ → ∅ / _nk(ʷ)
n → t / _k(ʷ)
ns → ts / _k(ʷ)
37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Hurons → ʃ / ! _{n,t,k(ʷ),w} “or when part of the affricate /ts/”
t → ∅ / _k(ʷ)
37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondagans → ts / _k(ʷ)
n → t / _k(ʷ)
37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneidats → hs / V_{t,k(ʷ)}
ns → ts / _{t,k(ʷ)}
37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk∅ → e / n_k(ʷ)
37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida∅ → i / {V,t}n_k(ʷ)V
37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to SenecaV → Vː / _{t,k(ʷ),s,n,r,j,w} “in even penultimate syllables”
ʔ → ∅ / _nk(ʷ)
n → t / _k(ʷ)
37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscaroran → t / ! _{h,kʷ,V[+nas]}
”V → ”Vː / _{k(ʷ),(ˀ)t}{s,R,H} (“penultimate syllables only”)
n → t / _kʷ
43 Uto-Aztecan43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odhaml → i / {p,m,k(ʷ),w}_# “in all dialects, and varies by dialect after other consonants”