Index Diachronica: involving /æ/

67 results from /æ/   54 results to /æ/   4 results with context involving /æ/   

æe æi æu æy æɑ æə æɪ æʊ

from /æ/

67 matches

7 Algonquian7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee{wiː,jiː,weː,jeː,wæː,jæː} {wi,ji,we,je,wæ,jæ} → iː i / C_
æ → e / in odd syllables ! _{w,j,H}
8 Altaic8.1 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Japonic{a,e,o,æ} i u y ø → ə i ua {u,ə} {ə,u} / _Ce
{a,æ,e,ø,i,y} o → i u / _Ci
e i {o,u} æ ø y → {ə,a} {i,ə} ə a {ə,u} {u,ə} / _Co
8.3 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Mongolice o u æ ø y → {a,e} {o,u} {a,o,u a {a,o,u} {o,u,i} / _Ca
a e i o u æ ø y → {a,i} {e,ja} {e,i} {ø,y,o} {o,u,y} {i,a,e} {e,ø} {ø,y,o,u} / _Ce
a e u æ ø y → {a,e} {e,i} {y,ø} {i,e} {i,e,ø} {ø,y,o,u} / _Ci
a e o i æ ø y → {a,i,e} {a,e} u {o,u} e {ø,y,o,u} {o,u} / _Co
a e {o,u} æ ø y → {a,o,u} {e,a} {o,u} {a,o,u} {e,i,u} {i,o,u,y,ø} / _Cu
8.4 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Tungusicæ → i / {s,ʃ,x}_Ca
{u,ø,y} æ → {o,u} ia / _Ca
æ ø → i {o,u} / _Ce
æ → i / {s,ʃ,x}_Ci
æ ø y → ia {o,u} i / _Ci
{u,æ} ø → {o,u} i / _Co
{u,æ,y} ø → {o,u} ia / _Cu
8.5 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Turkica e i u æ ø y → a {a,ʌ,e} {ɯ,i} {u,o} {ia,ja,ɛ} {ia,ja} ɯ / _Ca
a {e,i} o u æ ø y → {ɛ,a} ɛ {ø,o} {y,u} {ia,ja,ɛ} {ia,ja} {y,ø} / _Ci
æ → a / P_Co
æ → ʌ / P_Cu
a e i æ ø y → {o,ja,aj} {ʌ,ɜ} ɯ {ia,ja} {o,u} {u,o} / _Co
e i æ ø y → {ɛ,a,ʌ} {ɯ,i} {e,a} {u,o} ɯ / _Cu
8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak{e,æ}b ub → ew uw
æ → e
8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyz{u,ɯ}w {i,y}w aw {æ,e}w → uː yː oː øː
æ Vh {ʕ,h} → ɑː Vː ∅ (seems to have largely been confined to loanwords from Persian)
17 Indo-European17.7.2.1 West Germanic to Anglo-Frisianæu → au (æ → a / _B in general?)
17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle Englishæj → aj → ej
17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle Englishæj → aj → ej
17.7.2.1.5 Early Modern English to American Englishæ → æː (e.g., NYC) or ɑː (e.g., Boston) / _{F[-voiced],N[-voiced]} (“words which change vary between dialects”)
æ → ɛ / _ɹ
æ → ɛə / _{n,m} “and others depending on dialect”
17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian Englishæ → æː → ɑː / _{F[-voiced],N[-voiced]}
æ → æː / _{n,m,ɡ,ɫ% ! _n,m,ɡ,ɫ}%{j,w} or a form of a strong verb
æ → æː / _d (rare) ! form of a strong verb
17.7.2.1.7 Early Modern English to British Englishæ → æː → ɑː / _{F[-voiced],N[-voiced]}
17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle Englishæj → aj → ej
17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots— æ → ɛ / _C[+alveolar]
17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scotsæ → ɑ / _{x,l}
æ(ɑ) → e
17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle Englishæj → aj → ej
17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norseo(u) {ɔ,ɑ,au,ai,æ} {ja,jE,æ(i),e(i),y} → u a i
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old NorseBːB aː{o,a,æ,e} {æ,e}ː{æ,e}ː {æ,e}ːi iːEː → oː aː eː eː iː
a(i) {e,w{æ,i}} {we,ei} (w)ɪ → ey ø y ʏ / w_ ! hw_
au {ai,ey,ei} æ{y,i} øy Vː → o e æ ø V / #(C)(C)(C)_CC
{æ,e}i ai au w{ɪ,i} wy wV iu Vː → eː aː oː weː woː wVː eː oː V
æ → e
o {æ,e} → u i / ! in #U
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Nornæ → eː / _{ð,r}
æ → ɛː
17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Nornæ → e / ! _{Ḱ,Cʲ}
37 Siouan-Iroquoian37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Senecaa(ː) æ(ː) → õ(ː) ẽ(ː) / n_
42 Uralic42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnicæ → e / _j, unstressed
42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnishæ → a / e(C…)_(C…)o
42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonianæ → ɑ / unstressed
æy ey → æu eu
46 Vowel Shifts46.2 California Vowel Shift (English)æ ɪ → e i / _ŋ; some speakers (esp. in southern regions) may also have pin-pen and “a single phoneme in contrast to the nasal diphthong [ãɪ̃] of the U.S. Northeast” (though the article doesn’t specify what this is; maybe it’s just plain ã)
æ → {eə̯,ɪə̯} / _N
{æ,e} → ɛ / _ɹ
æ → a
46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shiftsæ → ɛ / _C[+alveolar]
46.10 Late Proto-Finnic to Savonian Vowel Shiftɑː æː ɑi æi → uɑ iæ ɑe æe
æy øy → æː øː
46.18 South African Chain Shift (English)æ ɛ ɪ → ɛ e ɨ
46.19 Southern [United States] Shift (English)æ ɛ ɪ → æj(ə) ɛj(ə) ɪj(ə)
æ/ɑː → æɪ

to /æ/

54 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabica(ː) → æ(ː) / else (sometimes it seems more like ɛ(ː) to me)
7 Algonquian7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menomineee(ː) i → æ(ː) e
8 Altaic8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchaka → æ / ! _B
10 Austronesian10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorroa → æ “(in some forms; environment and conditioning unclear)”
16 Extended West Papuan16.1.1 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Nafrie → æ / {P,K}_
e → æ / _P
ə → æ / ! _{B,K,H}
a → æ / _(C)e
a → æ / i(C)_
16.1.2 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Central Sentanie → æ / {P,K}_
e → æ / _P
ə → æ / ! _{B,K,H}
a → æ / _(C)e
a → æ / i(C)_
16.1.3 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Eastern Sentanie → æ / {P,K}_
e → æ / _P
ə → æ / ! _{B,K,H}
a → æ / _(C)e
a → æ / i(C)_
16.1.4 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Western Sentanie → æ / {P,K}_
e → æ / _P
ə → æ / ! _{B,K,H}
a → æ / _(C)e
a → æ / i(C)_
17 Indo-European17.7.2.1 West Germanic to Anglo-Frisiana → æ / ! _N or if nasalized, or if *B or *ã in next syllable
17.7.2.1.4 Midlands Middle English to Early Modern Englisha → æ / else
əɪ əʊ → ɑi æʊ / “in some parts of South-Eastern England”
17.7.2.1.5 Early Modern English to American Englishæː ɑː ɔː → æə~eə ɑ ɔ
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norseu {o,ɒ} a au juː → y ø æ y yː / _(C)(C)(C)j
{(j)u,we}ː {o,ɒ}ː aː au → yː øː æː æy
u {o,ɒ} a → y ø æ / _(C)(C)(C)i
u {o,ɒ} a au juː → y ø æ æy yː / _(C)(C)(C)i
{u,we,wi} {o,ɒ} a au juː → y ø æ æy yː / _(C)(C)(C)i
au {ai,ey,ei} æ{y,i} øy Vː → o e æ ø V / #(C)(C)(C)_CC
u {o,ɒ} a au juː → y ø æ æy yː / _(C)(C)(C)j
u {o,ɒ} a au juː → y ø æ æy yː / #(C)(C)_ʀ
17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandicøː → æ
17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn{u,o}(ː) a aː {ɒ,œ,y} e i(ː) → {o,ɔ}(i) æ(i) {ɔ,ɒ}(i) {o,ɔ}(i) {æ,e} / _{Ḱ,Cʲ}
e eː → {æ,ɛ,e} {(j)ɛ,je}
29 Na-Dene29.1.1.1.11 Proto-Athabaskan to Hana ɑ ə ʊ → æ a {ə,ë} o
29.1.1.1.38 Proto-Athabaskan to Lower Tananae a {ɑ,ʊ} → æ ɔ ŭ
36 Sino-Tibetan36.3.1.1 Proto-Naish to LazeiN → æ / {P,C}r_%
36.3.1.2 Proto-Naish to Mosuo (Na)iN → æ / {P,C}r_
37 Siouan-Iroquoian37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondagaa(ː) o(ː) õ(ː) → æ(ː) e(ː) ẽ(ː) / r_
37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Senecaa → æ / _ra(ː)
a(ː) → æ(ː) / r_
42 Uralic42.1 Proto-Uralic to Pre-Finnica → æ / {a,e,ê,i,y}(X)(C)(C)_, when unstressed
42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonianɑ æ → æe / _(C…)i
æy ey → æu eu
46 Vowel Shifts46.2 California Vowel Shift (English)ʊ ʌ ɛ → ʌ ɛ æ
46.10 Late Proto-Finnic to Savonian Vowel Shiftɑː æː ɑi æi → uɑ iæ ɑe æe
46.14 Pre-Slavic Vowel Changeseː → æ
46.19 Southern [United States] Shift (English)æ ɛ ɪ → æj(ə) ɛj(ə) ɪj(ə)
æ/ɑː → æɪ

with context involving /æ/

4 matches

8 Altaic8.1 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Japonicŋ → m / #_{æ,ø,y}
8.4 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Tungusict → dʒ / #_{æ,ø,y}
42 Uralic42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnici → ∅ / æw_
42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnishi → y / #(C…)_væ