Index Diachronica: involving /ɣ/

134 results from /ɣ/ 76 results to /ɣ/ 11 results with context involving /ɣ/

from /ɣ/

134 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.2.1 Proto-Erythrean to Proto-Cushitic	ɣ → ɡ / #_Vx$
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	xw → ɣw → ħ
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	ɣ → ʕ / ħ_
	6.2.2.1.4 Proto-Boreafrasian to Proto-Semitic	ɣ → ɡ / #_VCH
	6.2.2.1.4 Proto-Boreafrasian to Proto-Semitic	ɣ(w) → ɡ / #_Vx
	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	ɣ ħ → ʕ x
	6.2.2.1.10 Classical Arabic to Hassāniyya Arabic	ɣ → {ʁ,q}
	6.2.2.1.15 Classical Arabic to Sa‘idi Arabic	q x ɣ → ɡ χ ʁ
	6.2.2.1.17 Classical Arabic to Tunisian Arabic	dʒ x ɣ → ʒ χ ʁ
	6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew	x ɣ kˤ → ħ ʕ q
	6.2.2.1.19 Biblical Hebrew to Modern Israeli Hebrew	w θ ð ɣ → v t d ɡ (sometimes)
8 Altaic	8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak	d ɣ → t x / _#
	8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak	ɣ → w / {a,u,i,o}_
	8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyz	ɣ → ∅ / V_V
10 Austronesian	10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	ɣ s d → ∅ {j dr} / _#
	10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	ɣ s d → ∅ {j dr} / “before a post-tonic vowel”
	10.3.11.2.1 Proto-Erromango to Sye	ɣ → k / _i
	10.3.11.2.2 Proto-Erromango to Ura	ɣ → ∅ / _#
	10.3.11.3.1 Proto-Tanna to Kwamera	ɣ → ∅
	10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakel	ɣ → ∅ / E_
		ɣ → ∅ / _E
		ɣ → k
	10.3.11.3.3 Proto-Tanna to North Tanna	ɣ → ∅ / #_
		ɣ → ∅ / _E
		ɣ → ŋ
	10.3.11.3.4 Proto-Tanna to Southwest Tanna	ɣ → ∅ / #_
	10.3.11.3.4 Proto-Tanna to Southwest Tanna	ɣ → k
	10.3.11.3.5 Proto-Tanna to Whitesands	ɣ → ∅ / {#,E}_
		ɣ → ∅ / _E
		ɣ → ŋ
11 Northeast Caucasian	11.5.2 Proto-Lezgic to Archi	ɣ → q (more likely, *ɢ → q instead of → ɣ)
11 Northeast Caucasian	11.5.3 Proto-Lezgic to Lezghi	ɣ → {qː,ɣ} (again, probably a difference in the development of *ɢ than this strict sound change)
12 Northwest Caucasian	12.2.1.4 Adyghe to Temirgoy Adyghe	ɣ → ɣ~ɡ
	12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh	k kʼ ɡ x ɣ → kʲ kʲʼ ɡʲ ɕ ɣ~ʁ
	12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh	ɣ → ʁ
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.2 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Eskimo	ɣ ʁ → k q / #_
	15.2.1 Proto-Eskimo to Barrow Iñupiaq	ɣ ʁ → k q / _#
		v ɣ ʁ → p k q / _C (unless C = one of /l dʒ m n ŋ)
		{p,v} t {k,ɣ} → m n ŋ / _N
	15.2.2 Proto-Eskimo to Greenlandic Iñupiaq	m n ŋ t {{ɣ,ʁ} → {k,q}} → p t k n ŋ / _#
		v ɣ ʁ → p k q / _C (except where C = /l dʒ m n ŋ/)
		{p,v} t {k,ɣ} → m n ŋ / _N
	15.2.3 Proto-Eskimo to Mackenzie Iñupiaq	ɣ ʁ → k q / _#
	15.2.3 Proto-Eskimo to Mackenzie Iñupiaq	{p,v} t {k,ɣ} → m n ŋ / _N
	15.2.4 Proto-Eskimo to Wales Iñupiaq	ɣ → u / “in some positions”
		ɣ ʁ → k q / _#
		v ɣ ʁ → p k q / _C (except if C = /l dʒ m n ŋ/)
		{p,v} t {k,ɣ} → m n ŋ / _N
		ɣ → ∅ / V_u
		ɣ → ∅ / u_V
		ɣ → u / {i,ə}_V
	15.2.5 Proto-Eskimo to Kuskokwim Yup’ik	ɣ ʁ → k q / _#
	15.2.6 Proto-Eskimo to Nunivak Yup’ik	ɣ ʁ → x χ / _#
	15.2.7 Proto-Eskimo to Siberian Yup’ik	ɣ ʁ → k q / _#
	15.2.8 Proto-Eskimo to Unaaliq Yup’ik	ɣ ʁ → k q / _#
17 Indo-European	17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh	ɣ → i / _C
		ɣ → i / C_V
		ɣ → ə / _#
	17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic	β ð ɣ → ɸ θ x / V_(s)#
		ɣ → ɡ / #_
		ɣ → ɡ / C_V
	17.7.2 Common Germanic to West Germanic	β ð ɣ → b d ɡ / {#,”V}_
	17.7.2.1.1 Anglo-Frisian to Old English	k ɣ ɡ → tʃ ʝ dʒ / “in certain complex circumstances”
	17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English	ɑɣ → ɑw
		{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
		{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
		oɣ → ɔːw / _V
		ɣ → ɡ / #_
		ɣ → w / C_V
	17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English	ɑɣ → ɑw
		{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
		{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
		oɣ → ɔːw / _V
		ɣ → ɡ / #_
		ɣ → w / C_V
	17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English	ɑɣ → ɑw
		{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
		{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
		oɣ → ɔːw / _V
		ɣ → ɡ / #_
		ɣ → w / C_V
	17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English	ɑɣ → ɑw
		{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
		{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
		oɣ → ɔːw / _V
		f θ s ɣ → v ð z ɡ / #_
		ɣ → w / C_V
	17.7.2.2.2 Middle Dutch to Modern Dutch	— x ɣ → {x,χ} {ɣ,x,χ} / in northern dialects
	17.7.2.2.2 Middle Dutch to Modern Dutch	— x ɣ → ç ʝ / in southern dialects (the articles use velar phonemes here but describes them as “front velar”; based on the description and on representations in other articles, the palatal phonemes are used here)
	17.7.2.4 High German Cosonant Shift and Umlaut	ɣ → ɡ
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	{ɡ,ɣ} → ∅ / l_{ð,t}
		{ɡ,ɣ} → ∅ / r_{d,n,t}
		β ð ɣ → f θ k / _{p,t,k,s}
		β ð ɣ → b d ɡ / #_
		β ð ɣ → b d ɡ / {m,n,ŋ,l}_
		β ɣ → b ɡ / r_
		ɣ → ɡ / _{r,ʀ,θ,ð}
		β ɣ → f h / _%
		ɣ → ɡ / _{E,j}
		β ð ɣ → v θ h
		ɣ → ɡː / _j
	17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	b d {ɡ,ɣ} → p t k / _S
	17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	ɣ → ∅
	17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	— βɣ → wɣ → ɣw
29 Na-Dene	29.1.1.1.8 Proto-Athabaskan to Dena’ina	{ʃ(ʷ),x {z,ʒ(ʷ),ɣ} → s j
	29.1.1.1.19 Proto-Athabaskan to Proto-Southern Athabaskan	ɣ → h / in prefixes relating to word derivation
	29.1.1.1.21 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Kiowa Apache	{xʲ,j}ʔ {x,ɣ}ʔ → ∅ h(ʔ) / _#
		x ɣ → h ∅ / _#
	29.1.1.1.22 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Jicarilla	xʲ xʔ j ɣʔ → h ʔ ∅ ʔ / E_#
	29.1.1.1.23 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Lipan	{x,ɣ} → ∅ / _(ʔ)#
	29.1.1.1.25 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Chiricahua	{x,ɣ} → ∅ / _(ʔ)#
	29.1.1.1.26 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Mescalero	{x,ɣ} → ∅ / _(ʔ)#
	29.1.1.1.27 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Navajo	{ɣ,h} → j / in prefixes related to word derivation
		x ɣ → h ʔ / _#
		{x,ɣ}ʔ → {ʔ,ɡ} (Hoijer notes a reflex “-g-”)
	29.1.1.1.28 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to San Carlos	x(ʲ) {j,ɣ} → h ∅ / _#
	29.1.1.1.28 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to San Carlos	{x,ɣ}ʔ → ɡ
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà	ɣ → x
38 Tai-Kadai	38.1.1.1 Proto-Tai to Ahom	ɣ → kʰ
	38.1.1.3.3 Central Tai to Tay	ɣ → kʰ
	38.1.1.3.5 Central Tai to T’ien-Pao	ɣ → w / _V[+ round]
	38.1.1.3.5 Central Tai to T’ien-Pao	ɣ → j
	38.1.1.5.1 Southwest Tai to Lao	ɡ ɣ → kʰ ɡ
	38.1.1.5.2 Southwest Tai to Lü	{kʰ,ɣ} ɡ → x k
	38.1.1.5.3 Southwest Tai to Shan	ɡ ɣ → k kʰ
	38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamese	ŋ ɡ ɣ → {h,ʃ} kʰ ɡ
	38.1.1.5.6 Southwest Tai to White Tai	{kʰ,ɣ} ɡ ɡ{l,r} → x k tʃ
42 Uralic	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	ɣ → j~ʋ
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	k → ɣ → U / {A,O,U}_R ! R = j
		ɣ → j / C_e
		ɣ → ʋ / U_U
		ɣ → ʔ / VV₀_V₀ ! V₀ = U
		ɣ → ∅ / else
44 Vasconic	44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque	{ɡ,ɣ} → {ɟ,ʝ} / {E,j}_

to /ɣ/

76 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.2.1.1.1 Proto-Agaw to Awngi	{x,ɢ}(ʷ) → ɣ(ʷ)
	6.2.1.1.1 Proto-Agaw to Awngi	kʼ kʷʼ → {ɣ,q} ɣʷ
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	xw → ɣw → ħ
	6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew	p b t d k ɡ → b v θ ð x ɣ / non-intial singletons
10 Austronesian	10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lóngh	p k → f ɣ / V_V ! ”ə_V
	10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw	p pʷ {c,*j} k q → β βʷ s ɣ ∅
	10.3.3 Proto-Oceanic to Lemerig	p pʷ k q → β w ɣ ∅
	10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap	p pʷ bʷ k ɡ → β w kpʷ ɣ k
	10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	pw p t ʈ k c → (v)w v r l ɣ j / V_V
	10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	w → ɣ (sporadic, conditioning unknown)
	10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	p pʷ k → v vʷ ɣ
	10.3.8 Proto-Oceanic to Tolomako	p(ʷ) k → v(ʷ) ɣ
	10.3.11 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Southern Vanuatu	k *R → ɣ r “(frequently)”
	10.3.11.2.1 Proto-Erromango to Sye	k → ɣ
	10.3.12 Proto-Oceanic to Vera’a	p pʷ k q → β w ɣ ∅
	10.6.3 Proto-Paiwan to Southern Paiwan	k r → ʔ ɣ
11 Northeast Caucasian	11.1.1 Proto-Avar-Andic to Akhvakh	kː ɢ → xʲ {qːʼ,ɣ}
	11.1.2 Proto-Avar-Andic to Andi	q ɢ → x {qːʼ,ɣ}
	11.4 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Lak	qʼ qʼː ɡ → {qʼ,j} qʼ {qː,ɣ}
	11.5 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Proto-Lezgic	q ɢ → {x,q} ɣ
	11.5.3 Proto-Lezgic to Lezghi	kː ɡ → ɣ kː
		ɣ → {qː,ɣ} (again, probably a difference in the development of *ɢ than this strict sound change)
		ʃː ɬ ɬː x xː → ɣʲ j ʃ ɣ x
	11.5.6 Proto-Lezgic to Udi	tɬ tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ dɮ → {∅,x} q {∅,qʼ} qʼ {ɣ,l}
	11.5.6 Proto-Lezgic to Udi	q qʼ qːʼ ɢ → ∅(?) ∅ qʼ ɣ
	11.7.2 Proto-Tsezic to Tsez	sː ʃ ʃː ɬ ɬː x → s ʒ ʃ l ɬ ɣ
12 Northwest Caucasian	12.1 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Abazgi	q qː ɢ → (ħ) q ɣ (ɢ is marked as G in the document)
	12.1 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Abazgi	qʷʲ ɢʷʰ → ħ(ʷ) ɣ(ʷ)
	12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassian	tɬʲ tɬʲʼ dɮʲ → tɕ tɬʼ ɣ
	12.2.1 Proto-Circassian to Adyghe	dɮ → ɣ
	12.2.1.4 Adyghe to Temirgoy Adyghe	ɣ → ɣ~ɡ
	12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh	k kʼ ɡ x ɣ → kʲ kʲʼ ɡʲ ɕ ɣ~ʁ
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.2.1 Proto-Eskimo to Barrow Iñupiaq	m n ŋ → v t ɣ / _C[-nasal]
	15.2.2 Proto-Eskimo to Greenlandic Iñupiaq	m n ŋ → v t ɣ / _C[-nasal]
	15.2.3 Proto-Eskimo to Mackenzie Iñupiaq	m n ŋ → v t ɣ / _C[-nasal]
	15.2.4 Proto-Eskimo to Wales Iñupiaq	p k q s → v ɣ ʁ z / V_V
	15.2.4 Proto-Eskimo to Wales Iñupiaq	m n ŋ → v t ɣ / _C[+nasal]
17 Indo-European	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	p t k kʷ b d ɡ m n l r s → f θ x xʷ v ð ɣ M N L R h / V(#)_{R,V} (“We don’t know the exact values of lenited /m n l r/. We can guess that lenited m became a nasalized labial continuant of some sort, but beyond that, we don’t know.”)
	17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh	p t k {b,m} d ɡ → b d ɡ v ð ɣ / _V
	17.7 Proto-Indo-European to Common Germanic	bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → β ð ɣ
	17.7 Proto-Indo-European to Common Germanic	f θ s x → β ð z ɣ “(Except initially or following IE stress)”
	17.7.2.1.15 North Frisian Lenition	p t k → b d ɡ → v r ɣ / Vː_{V,#}
	17.7.2.2.2 Middle Dutch to Modern Dutch	— x ɣ → {x,χ} {ɣ,x,χ} / in northern dialects
	17.7.2.5 West Germanic to Old Low German	ɡ → ɣ / _V (singleton only)
	17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	ɡ ɟ → ɣ j / V_V
	17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	ɡ → ɣ / V_#
	17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	pː tː kː → b d {ɡ,ɣ} / V_V
	17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek	b d ɡ → v ð ɣ / V_V
	17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan	p b t d k ɡ → β {β,w} ∅ {j,w} ɣ {j,∅,ɡ} / V_rV
	17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal	b d ɡ → β ð ɣ / V_V
	17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian	b d ɡ → β ð ɣ / “except in Nuorese”
	17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	ɡ → {∅,ɣ} / V_V
		d ɡ → ð ɣ / V_V
		— βɣ → wɣ → ɣw
		b ɡ → β ɣ / {l,ɾ}_
21 Lakes Plain	21.1.1 Proto-Far West to Awera	k → ɣ / V_V
	21.1.1 Proto-Far West to Awera	b d ɡ → β~w ɾ~∅ ɣ / V_V
	21.1.2 Proto-Far West to Saponi	p b d k → p~f w ɾ ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.1 Proto-West Tariku to Deirate	b d k → b~β ɾ~l~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.2 Proto-West Tariku to Faia	b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.3 Proto-West Tariku to Fayu	b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.4 Proto-West Tariku to Kirikiri	b d k → b~β ɾ~l~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.5 Proto-West Tariku to Sehudate	b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.6 Proto-West Tariku to Tause	b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.7 Proto-West Tariku to Weirate	b d k → b~β ɾ~l~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
29 Na-Dene	29.1.1.1.22 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Jicarilla	j → ɣ / _E
	29.1.1.1.23 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Lipan	j → ɣ / _E
	29.1.1.1.24 Proto-Southern Athabaskan to Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan	j → ɣ / _E
	29.1.1.1.27 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Navajo	j → ɣ / _E
30 Niger-Congo	30.3.1.1.7 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Vhe	w → ɣ / _{a,E}
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà	uj → (ɣ)u
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.3.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Japhug	ɔk → ɤɣ / _#
42 Uralic	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	b d ɡ → β ð ɣ / ! N_
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	k → ɣ i / {i,e}_R{i,e}
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	k → ɣ → U / {A,O,U}_R ! R = j
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes	47.1 List 1: Simple Consonant Changes	r → ɡʟ → ɣ (Hiw) (http://is.gd/jCDLO1)

with context involving /ɣ/

11 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	i → a / Cˤ_{q,ɣ,ʕ}
		i → a / {q,ɣ,ʕ}_Cˤ
		u → o / _{ʕ,ɣ,x,r}
		u → o / {ʕ,ɣ,x,r}_
10 Austronesian	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	u → e / {θ,ɣ}_
10 Austronesian	10.3.11.2.2 Proto-Erromango to Ura	u → e / ɣ_# (? this change is a bit unclear)
17 Indo-European	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	r → ∅ / {ð,f}_{ɡ,ɣ}
		t → ∅ / {ɡ,ɣ}_s
		t → ∅ / p_{ɡ,ɣ,n}
	17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	e → ei / _{ɣ,j}
44 Vasconic	44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque	u ũ → y ỹ / _r(p(ʰ),β,k(ʰ),ɣ,l,s̺,s̻,ʃ,h) (Souletin)