Index Diachronica: involving /ɔ/

98 results from /ɔ/   144 results to /ɔ/   3 results with context involving /ɔ/   

plain ɔː ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː ɔ̯ ɔ̰

iaɔ ɔa ɔi ɔu ɔə ɔɛ ɔʊ ɨɔ

from /ɔ/

98 matches

8 Altaic8.1.1 Early Middle Japanese to Modern Japaneseɔː → oː
9 Austroasiatic9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamesea ɔ → ɨə uə
10 Austronesian10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput{i,ɛ} {u,ɔ} → iə̯ uə̯ / _{k,ŋ}# “(and also sporadically before final *t and *n and some other consonants)
17 Indo-European17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welshuː {oi,ɔː} → yː uː
ɔː → au / when stressed
ɔ → ə / #_sC
17.7.2.1.5 Early Modern English to American Englishæː ɑː ɔː → æə~eə ɑ ɔ
o ɔ → ɔ ɒ / _ɹ (most dialects have at least one if not both)
17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian Englishɜːɹ ɑːɹ ɔːɹ eːɹ oːɹ iːɹ uːɹ → ɜː ɑː ɔː ɛə ɔə ɪə ʊə / syllable-finally
ɔə → ɔː
ɔː → ɔ / _ɹV[-stress]
ɔː → ɔ / _F[-voiced]
ɔ → ɔː / “in ‘gone’ and some derivatives”
17.7.2.1.7 Early Modern English to British Englishɜːɹ ɑːɹ ɔːɹ eːɹ oːɹ iːɹ uːɹ → ɜː ɑː ɔː ɛə ɔə ɪə ʊə / syllable-finally
17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots— a ɔ u → {a,ɑ} ɔ ʌ
17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scotsɔ{ɡ,j} → ʌu
{ɔu,ɑu} → ɑ
17.7.2.2.4 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongizationɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norseo(u) {ɔ,ɑ,au,ai,æ} {ja,jE,æ(i),e(i),y} → u a i
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greekɔ → ∅ / in the suffixes -ios and -ion
17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek{eː,ej} ɛː ɑ(ː)j {oj,ɔːj} → iː eː ɛː {y,ø}
17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polishɔl ɔr ɛl ɛr → lɔ rɔ lɛ rɛ / T_T
ɔr ɔl → ra la / #_T “in syllables with long vowels”
ɔr ɔl → rɔ lɔ / #_T
{ɛ̃,ɔ̃} → ã
a ɛ i ɔ u ɨ ã → aː ɛː iː ɔː uː ɨː ãː / _{C/U}[+voiced][lost yer] (i.e., a voiced consonant or a cluster with one)
{aja,ɔja} {ɔjɛ,ɨjɛ} ɨjɛ → aː ɛː iː
{ɛ(ː)jɛ,ьjɛ,ɔjɛ,ujɛ,ɨjɛ} → ɛː
{ɔjɔ̃,ɔ̃jɔ̃,ьjɔ̃} → ɔ̃ː
{aja,ɛja,ьja,ɔja} → aː
ɔvi → ∅
ɔ → ɔː / _{r,l} (sporadic, perhaps analogical)
aː ɔː ɛː → ɒ o e
ɔ̃ → ɔ / _{l,ɫ}
ɔ̃ → ɔ / _# (in some regions or dialects)
ɛ̃ ɔ̃ → ɛ̃N ɔ̃N / _{S,A}
ɛ̃ ɔ̃ → ɛɰ̃ ɔɰ̃ / _F[-palatal]
ɔ̃ → ɔɰ̃ / _# (in standard registers/pronunciations)
ɛ̃ ɔ̃ → ɛj̃ ɔj̃ / _F[+palatal]
17.12.1.1.1 Classical Latin vs. Vulgar Latinɛ ɔ → e o / when unstressed
“In contrast, Romanian exhibits u, uː → u (and ultimately also ɔ, oː → o); and Sardinian and African Latin underwent a straight merger of the vowels by length without considering quality (e, eː → e; i, iː → i; u, uː → u; etc.)”
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalanɔ → o / _N$C
ɛj ɔj → jɛj uei / i {u,ui} / stressed
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to Frenchɛ ɔ → iɛ uɛ / _{Cj,jC}
{ei,ɔi} → oi / C[-nas]
ɔ → u / _”V
17.12.1.1.4 Vulgar Latin to Italianɔ → uo / stressed ! j_ or _{dʒ,L}
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portugueseɛ ɔ → e o / _(”u)#
ɔ̃ → õ
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal— ɔ → y / _{u,P,k,ɡ,i} (in northwestern dialects)
— ɔ → ɥe / _{u,P,k,ɡ,i} (in western dialects, Limousin, and Auvergne)
— ɔ → ɥo / _{u,P,k,ɡ,i} (in Languedoc)
— ɔ → {ɥe,ɥo,ɔ} / _{u,P,k,ɡ,i} (in southern dialects)
— å ɛ ɔ → a e o / _N (in Limousin and neighboring regions, the last two particularly in Limousin, Languedoc, and Gascon, though when _ɲ this change may have been blocked)
— ɛ ɔ → jɛ wɔ (intermittent, “least common in the southwest”)
— ɔ → {ɔ,we} (in southwestern dialects)
17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to SpanishRaising of e {ɛ,a} ɔ o → i e o u; near j, in particular environments:
— ɛ ɔ u → e o u / _(C)j
ɛ ɔ → je we
17.13.1 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian A{ɔ,ɛ} → a
17.13.2 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian Bɔ ɛ → o e
20 Khoisan20.2.1 Proto-Kx’a to ǂHoaniaɔ → iu
20.2.3 Proto-Kx’a to Southeastern !Xunɛ ɔ → i u
30 Niger-Congo30.3.1.1.1 Proto-Gbe to Ajá{o,ɔ} {ɛ,e} → u i / _i
30.3.1.1.3 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Fonoi ɔi ɔ̃i {a,ɛ}i {ɛ̃,ẽ}i ei → oe ɔɛ ɔ̃ɛ̃ ɛɛ ɛ̃ɛ̃ ee
30.3.1.1.10 Proto-Vhe to Awalan{o,ɔ} ə → u i / _i
36 Sino-Tibetan36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuàɔ → a / in two cases cited; extremely rare change
wɔ → ɔ (occasionally → uɔ after a guttural?)
wɔʔ → uɔʔ / C[+guttural]_
wɔʔ → ɔʔ / else
ɔn → an; “[t]his final occurs exclusively after SR gutturals”
wɔn ja wa → uɔn ia ua
36.3.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Japhugɔk → ɤɣ / _#
ɔ → ɤ / _{t,r}# (possibly also _s# dialectally)
38 Tai-Kadai38.1.1.3.1 Central Tai to Lungchowo {u̯ɔ,ɨɔ,ɔ} → u oː
uɔ ɨ̯ɔ → oː ɨ
ɔ ɨ → oː ɨː / _i
38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai{u̯ɔ,u̯a} → ua~uə
ɨ̯ɔ → ɨa~ɨə
uɨ̯ ua̯ → ɨə uɔ̯ → ɨː ɔː
38.1.1.4.2 North Tai to Po-Aiɔː → oː
ɔ → oː
ɨɔ → ɨ / _C%
u̯əi ɔi → (w)iː oːi
38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamese{u̯o,u̯ɨ} u̯ɔ → o ɔː
{ɨɔ,ɨ̯ɔ} → ɔː
{u̯əi,ɔi} → ɔːi
40 Totozoquean40.1 Proto-Totozoquean to Proto-Mixe-Zoqueanɨ ɔ → ə o
40.2 Proto-Totozoquean to Proto-Totonacan{ə,ɔ} {ə̰,ɔ̰} → a a̰
42 Uralic42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonianɔ(ː) → o(ː)
46 Vowel Shifts46.3 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongizationɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shiftsa ɔ u → {a,ɑ} ɔ ʌ
46.7 Great Vowel Shift (English)aː ɔː → ɛː oː → eː ow → ej (əw)
46.8 Greek Vowel Shiftai ɔi → ɛ yː
y(ː) ɔː → i(ː) ɔ
46.12 Northern Cities Vowel Shift (English)ɑ ɔ → a ɑ
46.13 Old Norse to Faroese Vowel Shift{œ,ɔ} → øː/œ “(except Suðuroy → ʏ)”
46.19 Southern [United States] Shift (English)ɔ → ɑɒ (for some speakers)

to /ɔ/

144 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew— u → ɔ / _C{$,#}
7 Algonquian7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenakioː aː eː iː → o ɔ̃ a i
7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenakiaː → ɔ̃
8 Altaic8.1.1 Early Middle Japanese to Modern Japaneseau iu uu eu ou → ɔː juː uː joː oː
10 Austronesian10.2.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Chamici iw u → ɔj ? ɔw / _#
10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiputai au → ɛː ɔː / _…#
i u → ɛ ɔ / _C# ! _P (sporadic)
10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lónghai̯ au̯ → ɛ ɔ
i u → ɛ ɔ / _CV[+open-mid](C)#
10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiwa(C)V[+ high] a(C)V[+ mid] aCa → ɔ(C) a(C) {ɔ,a}(C)ə
o(C)V[+ high] o(C)V[+ mid] o(C)a → ɵ(C) o(C) ɔ(C)ə
10.3.3 Proto-Oceanic to Lemerig— oCV[- high] → ɔC
10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlapo e i → ɔ ɛ ɪ / C_V[- high]
10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunagaau ai → ɔ ɛ
o → ɔ “sometimes”
10.3.12 Proto-Oceanic to Vera’aa(C)i a(C)u → {a,ɛ}(C) {ɔ,a,ɛ}(C)
oCa → ɔCɔ
oa {ae,ea} → uɔ iɛ
14 Elamo-Dravidian14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil{om,on} {em,en} {oːm,oːn} {eːm,eːn} → ɔ̃ ɛ̃ õ ẽ
17 Indo-European17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welshaː → ɔː
17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic— u → ɔ / _{r,h} (unless this r “arose from older s by assimilation”)
oːw æːj → ɔː ɛː / _V
17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
oɣ → ɔːw / _V
ɑː y(ː) → ɔː e(ː)
17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
oɣ → ɔːw / _V
ɑː y(ː) → ɔː i(ː)
17.7.2.1.4 Midlands Middle English to Early Modern Englisha ɑ {ɛ,ɪ,ɤ} → ɑː ɔː ɜː / _ɹ{C,#}
ɑʊ → ɔː / else
17.7.2.1.5 Early Modern English to American Englishɒ → ɒː → ɔː / _F[-voiced]
æː ɑː ɔː → æə~eə ɑ ɔ
o ɔ → ɔ ɒ / _ɹ (most dialects have at least one if not both)
ɒ → ɔ / _K “(partial)”
17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian Englishɜːɹ ɑːɹ ɔːɹ eːɹ oːɹ iːɹ uːɹ → ɜː ɑː ɔː ɛə ɔə ɪə ʊə / syllable-finally
ɒ → ɒː → ɔː / _F[-voiced]
oʊ iː → ɔʊ ɪə / _ɫ
ɔə → ɔː
ɛə ʊə → ɛː ɔː (ongoing)
ɔː → ɔ / _ɹV[-stress]
ɔː → ɔ / _F[-voiced]
ɔ → ɔː / “in ‘gone’ and some derivatives”
17.7.2.1.7 Early Modern English to British Englishɜːɹ ɑːɹ ɔːɹ eːɹ oːɹ iːɹ uːɹ → ɜː ɑː ɔː ɛə ɔə ɪə ʊə / syllable-finally
ɒ → ɒː → ɔː / _F[-voiced]
17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
oɣ → ɔːw / _V
17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scotsol al → ou ɑː → ʌu {ɑ,ɔ}
— ai oi ui ei au ou iu ɛ(o)u → eː oe əi iː {ɑː,ɔː} ʌu ju j(ʌ)u
— a ɔ u → {a,ɑ} ɔ ʌ
17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
oɣ → ɔːw / _V
ɑː → ɔː
17.7.2.2.1 Old Low Franconian to Middle Dutch{uː,uw} u → ɔw o (except in the southeast)
{ol,al} {ar,er} or → ɔu aːr oːr / _C[+dental]
17.7.2.2.3 Modern Dutch to Polder Dutch Vowel Shifteː øː oː → ɛi œy ɔu
17.7.2.2.4 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongizationɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Nornɒ → ɔ / _C(ː)C
au → (ɔ)u
a → ɔ / _{l,nd}C
17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn{u,o}(ː) a aː {ɒ,œ,y} e i(ː) → {o,ɔ}(i) æ(i) {ɔ,ɒ}(i) {o,ɔ}(i) {æ,e} / _{Ḱ,Cʲ}
a → {o,ɔ} / _{K,r} (! K = w ?)
aː → ɔ(u) / _{l,r}
au → {o,ɔ,ɒ} / j_
au → j{o,ɔ}
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greeke o → ɛ ɔ
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greeke o → ɛ ɔ
17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polishɛl → lɔ / T_T “in certain cases (mostly after a PSl. palato-alveolar”)
ɔl ɔr ɛl ɛr → lɔ rɔ lɛ rɛ / T_T
ɔr ɔl → rɔ lɔ / #_T
ɛ ɛ̃ ɛː → ɔ ɔ̃ a / _C[-palatalized +dental] (also sporadically before plain non-dentals)
ъl → ɔ(ː)ɫ / P_
ьl → ɔ(ː)ɫ
a ɛ i ɔ u ɨ ã → aː ɛː iː ɔː uː ɨː ãː / _{C/U}[+voiced][lost yer] (i.e., a voiced consonant or a cluster with one)
{ɔjɔ̃,ɔ̃jɔ̃,ьjɔ̃} → ɔ̃ː
ɔ → ɔː / _{r,l} (sporadic, perhaps analogical)
ãː → ã → ɔ̃
ɛ → ɔ / _ɫ (if the vowel was from a yer)
{ɛ,a} → ɔ (sporadic)
o → ɔ / _N
u → ɔ (rare, sporadic)
ɔ̃ → ɔ / _{l,ɫ}
ɔ̃ → ɔ / _# (in some regions or dialects)
ɛ̃ ɔ̃ → ɛ̃N ɔ̃N / _{S,A}
ɛ̃ ɔ̃ → ɛɰ̃ ɔɰ̃ / _F[-palatal]
ɔ̃ → ɔɰ̃ / _# (in standard registers/pronunciations)
ɛ̃ ɔ̃ → ɛj̃ ɔj̃ / _F[+palatal]
17.12.1.1.1 Classical Latin vs. Vulgar Latino → ɔ
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan{u,oː} o → o ɔ / stressed
ae au → e ɔ / stressed
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to Frenchò → ɔ / in U[+closed]
(ɛ)au → ɔ
ó → ɔ / _N
o → {ou,ɔ} “(the outcome fluctuates, but ɔ is often the result of analogy rather than strict sound change; always ou before another vowel)”
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese{u,oː} o → o ɔ / stressed
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal— ɔ → {ɥe,ɥo,ɔ} / _{u,P,k,ɡ,i} (in southern dialects)
— ɛ ɔ → jɛ wɔ (intermittent, “least common in the southwest”)
— ɔ → {ɔ,we} (in southwestern dialects)
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian{eh2,aH} aː → aː ɔ
19 Kartvelian19.3 Proto-Kartvelian to Zanɛ ɑ → ɑ ɔ
21 Lakes Plain21.1 Proto-Lakes Plain to Proto-Far Weste o → ɛ ɔ (?)
21.2.1 Proto-Tariku to Proto-Central Tarikue o → ɛ ɔ
21.2.1.2 Proto-Central Tariku to Iauau → ɔ
29 Na-Dene29.1.1.1.12 Proto-Athabaskan to Holikachuki e a u {ɑ,ʊ} → e a ɔ o ŭ
29.1.1.1.38 Proto-Athabaskan to Lower Tananae a {ɑ,ʊ} → æ ɔ ŭ
30 Niger-Congo30.3.1.1.3 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Fonoi ɔi ɔ̃i {a,ɛ}i {ɛ̃,ẽ}i ei → oe ɔɛ ɔ̃ɛ̃ ɛɛ ɛ̃ɛ̃ ee
36 Sino-Tibetan36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuàujʔ → uɛʔ (dialectally → uɔʔ?)
yeʔ → yɛʔ (→ {uɔʔ,yɔʔ} in southern speech?)
wɔ → ɔ (occasionally → uɔ after a guttural?)
wɔʔ → uɔʔ / C[+guttural]_
wɔʔ → ɔʔ / else
wɔn ja wa → uɔn ia ua
aʔ → ɔʔ / C[+guttural]_
awʔ → ɔʔ (“Trigault gives a variant in -ɛʔ, which becomes general in the later GH varieties”)
{jawʔ,wawʔ} → ɔʔ / C̣_
jawʔ wawʔ → iɔʔ uɔʔ
36.3.1.2 Proto-Naish to Mosuo (Na)B → ɔ / {qʰ,(N)q}_
37 Siouan-Iroquoian37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandotẽ(ː) õ(ː) o(ː) → ɛ̃(ː) ɔ̃(ː) u(ː)
37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Senecaẽ(ː) õ(ː) → ɛ̃(ː) ɔ̃(ː)
37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscaroraa(ː) o(ː) → ɔ(ː) u(ː) / ! “when both short and unstressed”
37.1.2.6.2 Tuscarora to Eastern Tuscaroraə̃(ː) a(ː) o(ː) → ɨ̃(ː) ɔ(ː) u(ː) (“in all positions”)
38 Tai-Kadai38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Taiuo → ɔː
uɨ̯ ua̯ → ɨə uɔ̯ → ɨː ɔː
38.1.1.4.2 North Tai to Po-Aio → ɔ
Cʷə → Cɔ
u̯ɨ → ɔ / m_
38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Taio → ɔː / _i
38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamese{u̯o,u̯ɨ} u̯ɔ → o ɔː
{ɨɔ,ɨ̯ɔ} → ɔː
{u̯əi,ɔi} → ɔːi
41 Trans-New Guinea41.7 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kâteu a → {u,ɔ} {ɔ,a}
41.9 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Selepetu o a e → {u,ɔ} {o,ɔ} {a,ɔ} {e,o}
42 Uralic42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonianɑː au → ɔː ɔu (though sometimes ɑː develops, apparently at least partially due to metathesis?)
46 Vowel Shifts46.2 California Vowel Shift (English)ɑ → ɔ (does not occur in Sacramento)
46.3 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongizationɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
46.4 Polder Dutch Vowel Shifteː øː oː → ɛi œy ɔu
46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shiftsai oi ui ei au ou iu ɛ(o)u → eː oe əi iː {ɑː,ɔː} ʌu ju j(ʌ)u
a ɔ u → {a,ɑ} ɔ ʌ
46.8 Greek Vowel Shifty(ː) ɔː → i(ː) ɔ
46.11 Middle Chinese to Cantonese Vowel Shift (“The Inner-Outer Flip”)a → ɔ / _{ŋ,k}
uə yə → ɔ œ / _{n,t}
46.12 Northern Cities Vowel Shift (English)ʌ → ɔ
46.13 Old Norse to Faroese Vowel Shiftaː → ɔa “(except NE of the Faroes → aː)” / ɔ
oː → {ɔu,ɛu,œu} / œ “(except Suðuroy → ɔ)”
46.16 Development of Proto-Lolo-Burmese -i(C)# and -u(C)# to Lahu-u -up -ut -uk -um -un -uŋ → -u -ɔʔ -əʔ -uʔ -ɔ -ə -ɛ

with context involving /ɔ/

3 matches

10 Austronesian10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to MwotlapV[- high] → ∅ / {ɔ,ɛ,ɪ}C_
17 Indo-European17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scotsl → u / {ɔ,ɑ}_
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguesea → ∅ / ”ɔ_#