| 6 Afro-Asiatic | 6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Omotic | a(ː) → e(ː) / _{ʕ,q}$
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| 6.1.1 Proto-Omotic to North Omotic | e o → i u / #(ʔ)_C$
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| Vː → V / #C_C$ + $(V)C$ suffix
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| 6.1.1.3 North Omotic to Kafa | b → w / _$#
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| s3 → s / V_$#
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| 6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho | {s3,ts,ʒ} → s / _$#
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| s3 → s / V_$#
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| 6.1.1.6 North Omotic to Wolaytta | x2 s3 → k ʃ / V_$#
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| 6.2.1 Proto-Erythrean to Proto-Cushitic | ɣ → ɡ / #_Vx$
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| 6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic | j → ∅ / Ck_$
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| ∅ → i / #al$_z
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| 6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew | — a → aː / _$
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| — i u → e a / _R{$,#} (in verbs)
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| — i u → e o / _C{$,#} (in verbs)
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| — aj → eː / _$
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| — {o,u}(ː) → iː / _$%oː
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| — u → ɔ / _C{$,#}
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| ʕ → ∅ / _{$,#}
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| 7 Algonquian | 7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot | tsi → ∅ / $_OO “(before a prefix; the first obstruent of the follow[ing] cluster then becomes ʔ)
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| 7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee | a → o / $am_w
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| 10 Austronesian | 10.3.5.4 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Northern | C → ∅ / _$(possessive suffix)#
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| 13 Chumashan | 13.1 Proto-Chumash to Barbareño | R[- glottalized]VˀR → ˀRVR[- glottalized] / _$
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| R[- glottalized]VOʼ → ˀRVO[- ejective] / _$
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| 17 Indo-European | 17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots | — V → Vː / _{r,F[+voiced],$,#}
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| — əi → aɪ / _{r,F[+voiced],$,#} (pursuant to the above)
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| 17.11 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Slavic | {m̩,n̩} → {ẽ,õ} / _C$
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| {e(ː),i(ː)} {a(ː),o(ː),u(ː)} → ẽ õ / _N$
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| {O,N} → ∅ / _$
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| 17.11.2 Proto-Slavic to Old Russian | or ol er el → oro olo ere ele / _$
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| 17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan | ɔ → o / _N$C
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| 17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese | V → V[+nas] / _N$C when stressed
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| N → ∅ / V[+nas]_$C ! C = S
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| V → V[+nas] / _N$V
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| N → ∅ / V[+nas]_$V
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| 17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish | {s̪,s} → h / _$
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| h → ∅ / _$
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| l → ɾ / _$
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| ɾ → l / _$
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| 17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian | ɛ → o / _$B
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| ɛ → ə / _$ɨ
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| 29 Na-Dene | 29.1.1.1.3 Proto-Athabaskan to Beaver | {n,ɲ} → d / $_V[-nas] (→ dʒ in the British Columbian dialect)
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| 29.1.1.1.5 Proto-Athabaskan to Chipewyan | {A,O’} → F / _$
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| 29.1.1.1.7 Proto-Athabaskan to Deg Hit’an | C’ → C / _$
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| 29.1.1.1.9 Proto-Athabaskan to Dogrib | C → h / _$
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| 29.1.1.1.11 Proto-Athabaskan to Han | n → (ⁿ)d / $_V[-nas]
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| j → ʒ / $_
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| 29.1.1.1.12 Proto-Athabaskan to Holikachuk | C’ → C / _$
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| 29.1.1.1.14 Proto-Athabaskan to Lower Koyukon | C’ → C / _$
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| 29.1.1.1.15 Proto-Athabaskan to Upper Koyukon | C’ → C / _$
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| 29.1.1.1.33 Proto-Athabaskan to Tahltan-Kaska-Tagish | C’ → C / _$
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| 29.1.1.1.37 Proto-Athabaskan to Tanacross | K → TŠ / ! _$
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| S’ → S / _$
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| F[+voiced] → F[-voiced] / _$
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| 29.1.1.1.38 Proto-Athabaskan to Lower Tanana | K → TŠ / ! _$
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| S’ → S / _$
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| 29.1.1.1.39 Proto-Athabaskan to Upper Tanana | K → TŠ / ! _$
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| S’ → S / _$
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| {A,F} → ∅ / _$; diphthongs sometimes lengthen in comparison
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| 29.1.1.1.40 Proto-Athabaskan to Tsetsaut | C → ∅ / _$ in many cases
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| 30 Niger-Congo | 30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba | {u,o} {ɛ,e,i} → w j / C_$V in noun class prefixes
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| 33 Penutian | 33.1.1 Proto-Utian to Proto-Costanoan (Ohlone) | l → ɾ / ! _$ or o_
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| 33.1.1.4 Proto-Costanoan to Rumsen | ʈ → {ʈ,tʃ} / {i,e,o}$_
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| 37 Siouan-Iroquoian | 37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga | V → V[+high tone] / _$”V
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| 44 Vasconic | 44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque | a → e / _$a (Biscayan, Alavese, some Guipuscoan)
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| o e → u i / _$a (raising of *o is less common)
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| ∅ → m / o$_V (Orozko Biscayan)
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| 46 Vowel Shifts | 46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shifts | — V → Vː / _{r,F[+voiced],$,#}
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| — əi → aɪ / _{r,F[+voiced],$,#} (pursuant to the above)
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