| 6 Afro-Asiatic | 6.2.2.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Chadic | ŋ → ∅ / V_{ts,q}
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| 6.2.2.1.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Boreafrasian | {ɲ,ŋw} → n
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| ŋ → ∅ / #_CV
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| 8 Altaic | 8.1 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Japonic | ŋ → m / #_{æ,ø,y}
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| ŋ → {∅,n} #_ else
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| 8.2 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Korean | {nʲ,ŋ} → n / #_
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| ŋ → {ŋ,∅}
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| 8.3 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Mongolic | ŋ → ɡ / #_u
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| ŋ → n / #_{a,o,e}
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| ŋ → {∅,j} / #_
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| ŋ → {m,n,ŋ,h}
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| 8.5 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Turkic | {pʰ,ŋ} → {∅,j} / #_
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| 8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak | ŋ → ɡ / syllable-final
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| 10 Austronesian | 10.2.5 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Palauan | ŋ → ∅ / C_#
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| 10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput | k ŋ → ʔ ∅ / Və̯_#
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| 10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lóngh | ŋ → ŋ̊ / _#
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| 10.3 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Oceanic | {ŋk,ŋɡ} ɡ → ɡ k
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| 10.3.1 Proto-Oceanic to Hawai’ian | ŋ r v → n l w
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| 10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa | ŋ → n
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| 10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu | ŋ → n
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| 10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ | bw mw → ɡw ŋw (→ ɡ ŋ / _V[+ rounded])
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| 10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga | ŋ → n
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| 10.3.6.2 Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz to Nagu | ŋ → n / _i
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| 10.3.6.3 Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz to Natügu | ŋ → n / _i
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| 10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay | p ŋ → f ∅ / ”V_V
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| 10.3.9.2 Proto-Utupua to Nebao | ŋ → n / _i
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| 10.3.10.1 Proto-Vanikoro to Buma | ŋ → {ŋ,ɡ} (ŋ remains when _i)
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| 10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom | {n,ŋ} → ɲ / _E
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| 14 Elamo-Dravidian | 14.2 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Achaemanid Elamite | k ŋk ŋkː → ∅ k kː / V_V
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| 15 Eskimo-Aleut | 15.2.1 Proto-Eskimo to Barrow Iñupiaq | m n ŋ → v t ɣ / _C[-nasal]
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| 15.2.2 Proto-Eskimo to Greenlandic Iñupiaq | m n ŋ t {{ɣ,ʁ} → {k,q}} → p t k n ŋ / _#
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| m n ŋ → v t ɣ / _C[-nasal]
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| 15.2.3 Proto-Eskimo to Mackenzie Iñupiaq | m n ŋ → v t ɣ / _C[-nasal]
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| 15.2.4 Proto-Eskimo to Wales Iñupiaq | m n ŋ → v t ɣ / _C[+nasal]
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| 17 Indo-European | 17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh | mb nd ŋɡ → mː nː ŋː
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| mp nt ŋk → m̥ n̥ ŋ̊
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| 17.7.2.1.4 Midlands Middle English to Early Modern English | mb ŋɡ → m ŋ / _#
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| 17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse | ŋ → x / _{m,n}
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| 17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan | ŋ → ɲ / _{i,e}
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| 17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal | {l,r}w {n,ŋk,ŋɡ}w → lɡʷ ŋɡʷ → lɡ ŋɡ
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| ɡn{d,t} → ŋn{d,t} → ɲ{d,t} → {(i)nd,ɲd,ndʒ} or t(ʃ)
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| ɡn → ŋn → ɲ
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| 18 Je-Tupı́-Carib | 18.2.1 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Proto-Jê | ŋʷ {kʷ,hʷ} → m p
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| 18.2.2 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Ofaié-Xavante | ŋ → n / V_V
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| ŋ → j̃ / #_ (not sure if this nasalizes the following vowel or not)
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| ŋʷ hʷ → j̃ h
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| 18.3.1 Proto-Tuparí to Makuráp | ð nŋʷ → c β / #_V[-nas]
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| j ŋʷ m n → ɲ m {m,p} {∅,t} / _V[+nas]
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| ⁿd ŋ → t {ɡ,k} / _V[-nas]
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| 18.3.2 Proto-Tuparí to Mekens | ɡʷ ŋɡ → kʷ k / _V[-nas]
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| ŋ ŋʷ → k m / _V[+nas]
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| ŋʷ → kʷ / #_V[-nas]
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| 18.3.3 Proto-Tuparí to Tuparí | ɡʷ ŋɡ → β k / _V[-nas]
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| ᵐb ŋʷ → p β / #_V[-nas]
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| ŋ → k / #_V[+nas]
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| ŋʷ → m / V[+nas]_V[+nas]
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| 18.3.4 Proto-Tuparí to Wayoró | r ŋʷ → n β / V[+nas]_V[+nas]
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| ŋɡ → k / ! _V[-nas]
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| 18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama | ʔ ts ŋ → ∅ {ts,tʃ} n
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| 18.4.4 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guaraní | Vŋ → V[+nas]
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| 18.4.5 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guarayo | {Vm,Vŋ} Vn → V[+nas] {Vr,V[+nas]} / _#
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| 18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó | Vŋ → V[+nas]
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| 18.4.10 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Urubu | Vŋ → V[+nas]
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| 20 Khoisan | 20.2.1 Proto-Kx’a to ÇHoan | Vn ŋ → V[+nas] ∅ / _#
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| 26 Mande | 26.1 Proto-Mande to Bobo | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.2 Proto-Mande to Busa | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.3 Proto-Mande to Dan | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.4 Proto-Mande to Guro | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.5 Proto-Mande to Kono-Vai | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.6 Proto-Mande to Southwest Mande | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.7 Proto-Mande to Mandekan | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.8 Proto-Mande to Mano | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.9 Proto-Mande to Mwa | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.10 Proto-Mande to San | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.11 Proto-Mande to Sembla | ŋ → ɲ
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| 26.12 Proto-Mande to Soninka | {w,ŋ} → j
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| 26.13 Proto-Mande to Susu | ŋ → j
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| 27 Mayan | 27.1 Proto-Mayan to Ch’olan | ŋ → n
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| 27.2 Proto-Mayan to Chujean | ŋ → n
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| 27.3 Proto-Mayan to Huastecan | ŋ → h
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| 27.4 Proto-Mayan to Ixilean | ŋ → x
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| 27.5 Proto-Mayan to Kaqchikel-Tz’utujil | ŋ → x
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| 27.6 Proto-Mayan to Core K’iche’ | ŋ → x
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| 27.7 Proto-Mayan to Mamean | ŋ → x
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| 27.8 Proto-Mayan to Q’anjob’alan | ŋ → n
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| 27.9 Proto-Mayan to Tzeltalan | ŋ → n
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| 27.10 Proto-Mayan to Yucatecan | ŋ → n
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| 30 Niger-Congo | 30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba | ’m m ’n n {’ɲ,ɲ} ŋ → m {ᵐb,m} n {ⁿd,n} ɲ {ᵑɡ,ŋ} / in C2 position
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| 33 Penutian | 33.3.2.2 Proto-Nim-Yokuts to Northern Yokuts | ŋ → n
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| 36 Sino-Tibetan | 36.1 Proto-Sino-Tibetan to Middle Chinese | {m,ŋ}l- → dʑ-
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| 36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin | ŋ → n / n_Cʲa(ta)
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| ŋ → ∅ / #_ ! #_o(w)
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| 36.1.1.1 Old Mandarin to Modern Pekingese | ŋ → ∅ / #_
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| 36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà | ŋ → ∅ / _{i,j,w,y}
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| ŋ → ∅ / _u / _V
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| There seems to ahve been some stuff going on with palatalized [ŋ] → {ɲ,n} but it seems highly dialectal and I’m not entirely sure just what exactly was going on here
|
| uŋ → oŋ (in one source?)
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| juŋ → iuŋ / _{∅,x,ʋ,ʔ}
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| juŋ → iuŋ / _ɡ[+píng tone]
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| juŋ → uŋ (→ oŋ dialectally?)
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| jujŋ ujŋ → iuŋ uŋ
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| aŋ jaŋ → uaŋ aŋ / C̣_
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| waŋ → uaŋ
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| əjŋ → ɛn (varies with ɛn?)
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| 36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La | ŋ → ∅ / i_
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| 36.3.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Japhug | aŋ → o / _#
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| ŋ → m / #_kʰ
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| 36.3.2.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Kham To | ŋ(w) N{ŋ,nj} → ȵ mɳ
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| ŋ → ɳ / {o,a}_
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| {ŋ,j} → ∅ / i_
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| 36.3.2.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to lCog Rtse | uŋ → ak
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| 36.3.2.2.4 Proto-rGyalrongic to Suo Mo | ŋ → ȵ
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| 36.3.2.2.6 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tsa Ku Nao | iŋ → ʅ
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| 36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta | ŋ(w) → ȵ(wj)
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| uk uŋ → {u,o} e
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| 36.3.2.2.8 Proto-rGyalrongic to Wassu | ŋ → j
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| im iŋ → wa ie
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| 38 Tai-Kadai | 38.1.1.1 Proto-Tai to Ahom | ŋ̊ → h
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| 38.1.1.4.1 North Tai to Dioi | ŋ → ɡ
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| 38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamese | ŋ ɡ ɣ → {h,ʃ} kʰ ɡ
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| 41 Trans-New Guinea | 41.1 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Apalɨ | t k ŋ → {l,t} {h,k} n / #_
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| 41.3 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Binandere | ŋ ᵑɡ → ∅ ɡ / #_
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| 41.4 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kaeti | {p,ᵐb} ŋɡ → b ɡ / #_
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| 41.5.1.9 Proto-Gorokan to Siane | ʔŋɡ ʔd → ŋk t
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| 41.9 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Selepet | ŋ → {m,ŋ} / _#
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| 41.11 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Middle Wahgi | n ŋ → m n / #_
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| 42 Uralic | 42.1 Proto-Uralic to Pre-Finnic | ŋ → k / _#, in latives
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| ŋ → n / _# else
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| 42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic | UŋA eŋi → Oː øː
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| ŋi → @ / V_
|
| ŋ → n / _t (?)
|
| ŋ → j / _Cʲ (possibly _F instead?)
|
| ŋ → w / _{A,O,U}
|
| ŋ → w / {O,U}_
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| ŋ → w / _C ! _k
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| ŋ → w / C_
|
| 42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish | mb nd ŋɡ → mː nː ŋː
|
| 43 Uto-Aztecan | 43.1 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Comanche | {ŋ,l} → n
|
| 43.4 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Nahuatl | ŋ → n
|
| 43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham | s ŋ → h n
|
| 46 Vowel Shifts | 46.16 Development of Proto-Lolo-Burmese -i(C)# and -u(C)# to Lahu | -i -i{p,k} -it -i{m,ŋ} -in → -i -ɨʔ -iʔ -ɛ -ɨ
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| -u -up -ut -uk -um -un -uŋ → -u -ɔʔ -əʔ -uʔ -ɔ -ə -ɛ
|
| 47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes | 47.1 List 1: Simple Consonant Changes | ŋ → {x,h} (various Mayan languages)
|