| 6 Afro-Asiatic | 6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew | — aj → ɛː / _#
|
| 10 Austronesian | 10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput | ai au → ɛː ɔː / _…#
|
| 17 Indo-European | 17.2 Proto-Indo-European to Common Anatolian | ei eu → ɛː uː
|
| 17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite | aj aw → ɛː uː / !_{s,n,r,l}
|
| 17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic | oːw æːj → ɔː ɛː / _V
|
| 17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English | eɑ eːɑ eo eːo → ɑ ɛː e eː
|
| ɑ e o → ɑː ɛː oː / in U[+open] ! in #U with the following U containing /iː/ or ending in one of /m n r l/
|
| 17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English | eɑ eːɑ eo eːo → ɑ ɛː e eː
|
| ɑ e o → ɑː ɛː oː / in U[+open] ! in #U with the following U containing /iː/ or ending in one of /m n r l/
|
| 17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English | ɛə ʊə → ɛː ɔː (ongoing)
|
| 17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English | eɑ eːɑ eo eːo → ɑ ɛː e eː
|
| ɑ e o → ɑː ɛː oː / in U[+open] ! in #U with the following U containing /iː/ or ending in one of /m n r l/
|
| 17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots | æː → ɛː
|
| 17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English | eɑ eːɑ eo eːo → ɑ ɛː e eː
|
| ɑ e o → ɑː ɛː oː / in U[+open] ! in #U with the following U containing /iː/ or ending in one of /m n r l/
|
| 17.7.2.2.4 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongization | ɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
|
| 17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn | æ → ɛː
|
| œ → ɛː / _CC
|
| 17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek | æː → ɛː (includes diphthongs)
|
| ɑj → ɛː
|
| 17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek | {eː,ej} ɛː ɑ(ː)j {oj,ɔːj} → iː eː ɛː {y,ø}
|
| 17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek | æː → ɛː
|
| 17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek | æː → ɛː
|
| ɑj → ɛː
|
| 17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish | ьr → i(ː)ʐ → {ɛ(ː)r,ɛ(ː)ʐ} → {ɛr,ɛʐ}
|
| a ɛ i ɔ u ɨ ã → aː ɛː iː ɔː uː ɨː ãː / _{C/U}[+voiced][lost yer] (i.e., a voiced consonant or a cluster with one)
|
| ajɛ → ɛː in adjectives, aː in verbs
|
| {aja,ɔja} {ɔjɛ,ɨjɛ} ɨjɛ → aː ɛː iː
|
| {ɛ(ː)jɛ,ьjɛ,ɔjɛ,ujɛ,ɨjɛ} → ɛː
|
| 17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian | (h1)e (h1)eː → jə jɛː / #_
|
| 37 Siouan-Iroquoian | 37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot | ẽ(ː) õ(ː) o(ː) → ɛ̃(ː) ɔ̃(ː) u(ː)
|
| 37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca | ẽ(ː) õ(ː) → ɛ̃(ː) ɔ̃(ː)
|
| 37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora | e(ː) → ɛ(ː)
|
| 38 Tai-Kadai | 38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamese | {(i)ɛ,i̯ɛ} → ɛː
|
| {o,ə} ɛ → a ɛː / _u
|
| 46 Vowel Shifts | 46.3 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongization | ɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
|
| 46.7 Great Vowel Shift (English) | aː ɔː → ɛː oː → eː ow → ej (əw)
|