| 11 Northeast Caucasian | 11.1.1 Proto-Avar-Andic to Akhvakh | tɬː dɮ → tɬ(ː) tɬː
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| 11.1.2 Proto-Avar-Andic to Andi | tɬ tɬ(ː) tɬ(ː)(ʼ) dʒ → ɬ tɬ(ː) tɬ(ː)(ʼ) tɬː
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| 11.1.3 Proto-Avar-Andic to Avar | tɬ tɬʼ tɬː tɬːʼ → ɬ tʼ tɬ tɬ(ː)ʼ
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| s sː ɬː x xː → {s,ʃ} x ɬ {x,h} x
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| 11.2 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Dargi | tɬ tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ → k {xʲː,kː} kʰ {ɡ,q}(?)
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| ʃ ʃː ɬ ɬː → {s,ʃ} ʃ xʲ {xʲ,ʃ}
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| 11.3 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Khinalug | tɬ tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ dɮ → k {k,xʲ} {kʼ,ɡ} {kʼ,kː} kʼ
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| sː ɬ(ː) xː → h xʲ x
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| 11.4 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Lak | tɬ tɬː tɬ(ː)ʼ dɮ → xʲ xː kʼ {kː,l}
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| ʃ ɬ ɬː → s {xʲ,ʃ} xː
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| 11.5.1 Proto-Lezgic to Agul | tɬ tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ dɮ → xʲ x kʼ kː {,j,xʲ}
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| ɬ(ː) xː → xʲ x
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| 11.5.2 Proto-Lezgic to Archi | tɬ tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ dɮ → ɬ ɬ(ː) kʼ tɬʼ tɬː
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| 11.5.3 Proto-Lezgic to Lezghi | tɬ tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ dɮ → xʲ {ɣʲ,ɡ} qʼ k(ʼ) {kː,ɣʲ}
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| ʃː ɬ ɬː x xː → ɣʲ j ʃ ɣ x
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| 11.5.4 Proto-Lezgic to Rutul | tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ dɮ → xʲ qʼ q(ʼ) {w,xʲ,j}
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| sː ɬ(ː) xː → {ħ,xʲ} {sː,h} x
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| 11.5.5 Proto-Lezgic to Tabassaran | tɬ tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ dɮ → xʲ {ɣʲ,ɡ} k kː ɣʲ
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| ɬ {ʃː,ɬː} xː → xʲ ʃ x
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| 11.5.6 Proto-Lezgic to Udi | tɬ tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ dɮ → {∅,x} q {∅,qʼ} qʼ {ɣ,l}
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| {ɬ(ː),xː} → x
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| 11.6 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Nakh | tɬ(ː) tɬʼ tɬːʼ → x qʼ ʕ
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| ʃː ɬː xː → ʃ ɬ x
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| 11.7 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Proto-Tsezic | tɬ tɬːʼ → ɬ tɬ
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| 11.7.2 Proto-Tsezic to Tsez | tsː tɬː → z l / V_V
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| tsː tɬː → s ɬ
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| sː ʃ ʃː ɬ ɬː x → s ʒ ʃ l ɬ ɣ
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| 12 Northwest Caucasian | 12.1 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Abazgi | tɬ tɬː tɬʼ dɮ → x ts {x,tsʼ} l
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| ɬː → x
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| ɬʲ(~ɬʲʷː) ɮʲ → ɕ ʑ
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| tɬʷ(ː) tɬʼ dɮʷ → tsʷ tsʼ(ʷ) l
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| ɬʷ(ː) → ʃ
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| tɬʷʲ tɬʷʲː tɬʷʲʼ dɮʷʲ → tʃʷ ʒʷ tʃʷʼ dʒʷ
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| ɬʷʲ(~ɬʷː) → ʃ
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| 12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassian | ɬ(ː) tɬ(ː) tɬʼ dɮ → ɕ(ː) tɕ(ː) tɕʼ tħ
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| tɬʷ(ː) tɬʷʼ dɮʷ → tʃ(ː) tʃʼ ħ
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| ɬʷ ɬʷː → x(ʷ) ɕː
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| ɬʲʷ(~ɬʷː) ɮʲʷ → x(ʷ) ɣʲ
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| 12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh | tɬ tɬː tɬʼ dɮ → ɕ (sʲ) tsʲʼ ɮ
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| ɬ(ː) → sʲ
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| ɬʲ(~ɬʲʼː) → ɬ
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| tɬʷ(ː) tɬʷʼ dɮʷ → tsʷ ts(ʷ)ʼ w
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| ɬʷ ɬʷː → sʷ s(ʷ)
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| tɬʷʲ tɬʷʲː tɬʷʲʼ dɮʷʲ → f dʑ tsʼ dʒ
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| ɬʷʲ(~ɬʷː) ɮʷʲ → ʃʷ ʒʷ
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| 17 Indo-European | 17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic | {ɬl,ɬː → tɬ
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