| 9 Austroasiatic | 9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen | {n̥j,nj,ɲ̊j,ɲj} → ɲ j
|
| 9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese | {n̥j,nj,ɲ̊j,ɲj} → ɲ (Thompson appears to me to have hedged a bit on the last one; based on other evidence in the paper I’m sticking this one as a palatal nasal)
|
| 9.1.2.1 Middle Vietnamese to Hanoi Vietnamese | ml → mɲ → ɲ (Thompson seems to indicate that this may have become [l] as well; only seems to have occurred with second-register tones)
|
| 10 Austronesian | 10.2.3.1 Proto-Malayic to (Standard) Malay | n → ɲ / “in the environment of i (sporadic)”
|
| 10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lóngh | {p,t} n → c̚ ɲ / {i,ɛ}_#
|
| m → ɲ / i_#
|
| 10.2.6.3 Proto-Malayic to Minangkabau | n → ɲ / “in the environment of i”
|
| 10.3.5.3 Proto-New Caledonia to Nemi-Pije-Fwai | n n̥ → ɲ ɲ̊ / _E
|
| 10.3.9.1 Proto-Utupua to Asuboa | c ɲ → ∅ {ɲ,j}
|
| 10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom | {n,ŋ} → ɲ / _E
|
| 10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan | {m,ɲ} n → {ɲ,∅} {ŋ,∅} / _# (first change marked “in progress?”)
|
| 14 Elamo-Dravidian | 14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil | tː nt → cː ɲc / {i,j}_
|
| 17 Indo-European | 17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albanian | n → ɲ (sometimes?)
|
| 17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albanian | n → ɲ (sometimes?)
|
| 17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse | N(ː) k k(ː) N(ː)ɡ ɡ(ː) ɣ → ɲc(ː) c(ː) ɲɟ(ː) ɟ(ː) ʝ / _{i,j}
|
| N(ː) k k(ː) N(ː)ɡ ɡ(ː) ɣ → ɲc(ː) c(ː) ɲɟ(ː) ɟ(ː) ɟ / _{i,j}
|
| 17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn | nd ld (→ nː lː ?) → ɲ ʎ
|
| n l → ɲ ʎ / _C
|
| nː → ɲ(d)
|
| rn {lː,rl} → ɲ ʎ
|
| 17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan | n → ɲ / ɟ_
|
| 17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan | dʒɲ → ɲː / V_V
|
| 17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan | ndj → ɲ
|
| mn → nː → ɲ
|
| ŋ → ɲ / _{i,e}
|
| ɡn tj → ɲ ∅ / V_V
|
| sj ssj jn → js jʃ ɲ / V_V
|
| mnj → {mni,ɲ} / V_V
|
| lː nː → ʎ ɲ
|
| 17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French | {ɡn,nj} → ɲ
|
| nk → ɲ / _t
|
| 17.12.1.1.4 Vulgar Latin to Italian | {dj,ɡj} lj {nj,ɡn} → dʒ ʎ ɲ
|
| 17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese | ı̃ → iɲ
|
| nɡi → ɲ
|
| ks ɡn tj → ʃ ɲ {z,s} / V_V (tj → s is learned)
|
| ndj → nts → ns → ɲ / V_V
|
| sːj (m)nj lj rj → jʃ ɲʎ jr / V_V
|
| 17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal | lː{j,Vdʒ} lnj → ʎ ɲ
|
| nj → ɲ
|
| mnj → ɲ (Limousin, as well as extreme eastern and southwest dialects)
|
| mj → {mj,ɲ}
|
| {ndj,ndʒj} ndʒ → ɲ {ɲ,ndʒ}
|
| ndt ndtʃ ntʃ nkt nf → n{d,t} {nts,ndz(→ nz),ndʒ} n(t)s {ɲ,(i)nt,ntʃ} {nf,fː(→ f)}
|
| ɡn{d,t} → ŋn{d,t} → ɲ{d,t} → {(i)nd,ɲd,ndʒ} or t(ʃ)
|
| ɡn → ŋn → ɲ
|
| 17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish | {jl,lj} {jn,nj} {jɡ,ɡj} → ʎ ɲ ʝː
|
| nː lː ɾɾ → ɲ ʎ r
|
| — mn → ɲ (sometimes)
|
| 17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian | p {ts,k(ʷ)} m n l r y → pj sʲ ʂ mj ɲ lj rj wj / _{E(:),y}
|
| 18 Je-Tupı́-Carib | 18.3.1 Proto-Tuparí to Makuráp | j ŋʷ m n → ɲ m {m,p} {∅,t} / _V[+nas]
|
| 18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó | j → {ɲ,tʃ} / else
|
| 20 Khoisan | 20.1.8 Proto-Khoe to Teti | ǂ ǂ̃n ǂˀ → c ɲ ʔj
|
| 20.1.9 Proto-Khoe to TsÊixa | ǂ̃n ǂxʼ → ɲ ǂˀ
|
| 25 Macro-Panoan | 25.1.2 Proto-Tacanan to Chama | n → ɲ / i_{o,a} (the former is conjectured)
|
| 26 Mande | 26.1 Proto-Mande to Bobo | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 26.2 Proto-Mande to Busa | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 26.3 Proto-Mande to Dan | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 26.4 Proto-Mande to Guro | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 26.5 Proto-Mande to Kono-Vai | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 26.6 Proto-Mande to Southwest Mande | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 26.7 Proto-Mande to Mandekan | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 26.8 Proto-Mande to Mano | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 26.9 Proto-Mande to Mwa | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 26.10 Proto-Mande to San | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 26.11 Proto-Mande to Sembla | ŋ → ɲ
|
| 30 Niger-Congo | 30.1.1.2 Proto-Bantu to Tswana | {p,t,tʃ,k} {mp,nt,ɲtʃ,nk} {(m)b,(n)d,(ɲ)dʒ,(n)ɡ} {m,n} → s tsʰ ts ɲ / _iV
|
| {tʃ,k} {ntʃ,nk,r} {ɲdʒ,nɡ} mp mb p b {d,l} m n → s tsʰ ts tʃʰ(w) tʃ(w) ʃ(w) dʒ(w) dʒ ŋw ɲ / _{ɪ,e}V
|
| {p,t,tʃ,k} {mp,nt,ɲtʃ,nk} {(m)b,(n)d,(ɲ)dʒ,(n)ɡ} {m,n,ɲ} → sw tsʰw tsw ɲw / _iV
|
| 30.1.1.3.3 Proto-Sam to Mwiini | ɲ → {ɲ,n̪}
|
| 30.1.1.3.5 Proto-Sam to Proto-Aweera | nz z c → ɲd̪ ʃ
|
| 30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba | ’m m ’n n {’ɲ,ɲ} ŋ → m {ᵐb,m} n {ⁿd,n} ɲ {ᵑɡ,ŋ} / in C2 position
|
| 30.2.1 Proto-Potou-Akanic to Proto-Akanic | h → ɲı̃ / #_ã
|
| 30.3.1.1.1 Proto-Gbe to Ajá | j → ɲ / _V[+ nas]
|
| 30.3.1.1.4 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Gen | j → ɲ / _V[+ nas]
|
| 30.3.1.1.7 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Vhe | j → ɲ / _V[+ nas]
|
| 32 Oto-Manguean | 32.2 Proto-Oto-Manguean to Tlapanec | n → {n,ɲ} (the latter “under obscure conditions”)
|
| 36 Sino-Tibetan | 36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà | There seems to ahve been some stuff going on with palatalized [ŋ] → {ɲ,n} but it seems highly dialectal and I’m not entirely sure just what exactly was going on here
|
| 36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La | rnj → rɲ ?
|
| 36.3.2.2.4 Proto-rGyalrongic to Suo Mo | nj → ɲ / #(r)_
|
| 36.3.2.2.6 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tsa Ku Nao | Nnj → mɲ
|
| nj rnj → nj rɲ
|
| 36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta | Nnj → mɲ ?
|
| 37 Siouan-Iroquoian | 37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot | w j → m ɲ / between two vowels of unlike nasality
|
| 43 Uto-Aztecan | 43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham | n → ɲ / _V[+high]
|
| l → ɲ / #_ “(in doubt; initial *l occurs in too few cognates to be sure. Apparently PUA initial *l was rare and is of questionable certainty whether it existed at all.)”
|
| 44 Vasconic | 44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque | n → ɲ / {i,ɪ}_V
|
| Ṽ → Vɲ / _V (not Souletin)
|
| l n →ʎ ɲ / E_
|