| 12 Northwest Caucasian | 12.1 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Abazgi | ɕ(ː) ʑ → ʃ ʒ (the change of singleton *ɕ to ʃ is marked as dubious)
|
| ɕʷ ɕʷː ʑʷ → ʃʷ ʃ ʒʷ
|
| 12.1.1 Proto-Abazgi to Ashkharywa Abaza | tʃʷ(ʼ) tɕ(ʼ) dʒʷ dʑ → f(ʼ) ts(ʼ) v dz
|
| ɕ ʑ → s z
|
| 12.1.2 Proto-Abazgi to Tapanta Abaza | {tʃʷ(ʼ),tɕ} {dʒʷ,dʑ} → ts(ʼ) dz
|
| tɕʷ(ʼ) dʑʷ → {tɕ(ʷ)(ʼ),tʃʷ(ʼ)} {dʑ(ʷ),dʒʷ}
|
| ɕ ʑ → s z
|
| ʃʷ ʒʷ ɕʷ ʑʷ → {ɕ(ʷ),ʃ(ʷ)} {ʑ(ʷ),ʒ(ʷ)} {ɕ(ʷ),ʃʷ} {ʑ(ʷ),ʒʷ}
|
| 12.1.3 Proto-Abazgi to Ahchypsy Abkhaz | tʃʷ tʃʷʼ dʒʷ tɕ(ʼ) dʑ → f pʼ ts(ʼ) v dz
|
| ɕ ʑ → s z
|
| 12.1.5 Proto-Abazgi to Abzhywa Proper | tʃʷ(ʼ) tɕ(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) dʒʷ dʑ dʑʷ → f(ʼ) ts(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) v dz dʑ
|
| ɕ ɕʷ ʑ ʑʷ → s ʃʷ z ʒʷ
|
| 12.1.6 Proto-Abazgi to Tsabal Abzhywa | tʃʷ tʃʷʼ tɕ(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) dʒʷ dʑ dʑʷ → f pʼ ts(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) v dz dʑ
|
| ɕ ɕʷ ʑ ʑʷ → s ʃʷ z ʒʷ
|
| 12.1.7 Proto-Abazgi to Khaltsys Sadz | tʃʷ(ʼ) tɕ(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) dʒʷ dʑ dʑʷ → f(ʼ) ts(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) v dz dʑʷ
|
| ɕ ɕʷ ʑ ʑʷ → s {ʃʷ,ɕʷ} z {ʒʷ,ʑʷ}
|
| 12.1.8 Proto-Abazgi to Tswydzhy Sadz | tʃʷ(ʼ) tɕ(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) dʒʷ dʑ dʑʷ → f(ʼ) ts(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) v dz dʑʷ
|
| ɕ ʑ → s z
|
| 12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassian | tʃ tʃʼ dʒ dʑ → s tsʲʼ(?) dz~z dʑ~ʑ
|
| ɕ(ː) ʑ → ʃ(ː) ʒ
|
| ɕʷ ɕʷ ʑʷ → sʲ ʃː zʲ
|
| 12.2.2 Proto-Circassian to Kabardian | dɮ dzʲ dzʷ dʑ ɡʲ → ʒ ʑ {v,w} ʒ dʒ
|
| sʷ zʷ {ʃ,ʂ} {ʑ,ʐ,ɣʲ} ʑ χʲ → f v ɕ ʑ ʑ~ʒ χ
|
| 12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh | ɕʷ ɕʷː ʑʷ → ʃʷ sʷ ʒʷ
|
| 17 Indo-European | 17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan | tʃ dʒ(ʱ) → tɕ dʑ(ʱ) → ɕ ɟ(ʱ)
|
| 17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish | ʃi ʒi tʃi dʒi ɕi ʑi → ʂɨ ʐɨ ʈʂɨ ɖʐɨ tsɨ ʒɨ
|
| ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ ɕ ʑ → ʂ ʐ ʈʂ ɖʐ ts ʒ
|
| tɕts ʑr̝ → jts jr̝
|
| ʑ z → dʑ dz / _v
|
| ɕr̝ ʑr̝ → ʂr ʐr / “‘szron’ and ‘żreć’”, respectively
|
| ɕ ʑ → s z / _C (sometimes)
|
| 36 Sino-Tibetan | 36.3.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Japhug | ʑ j → ndʑ ʑ
|