9 Austroasiatic | 9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese | (h)ə{p,b} (h)ə{t,d} (h)ə{c,ɟ} (h)ə{k,ɡ} → β dʲ ɟ ɡ
|
{pj,bj} {tj,dj} {cj,ɟj} → {β,w} dʲ ɟ
|
10 Austronesian | 10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananen | b → β / V_V
|
10.1.2.7.3 Proto-Kalamian to Kalamian Tagbanwa | b ɡ → β V / V_V
|
10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw | p pʷ {c,*j} k q → β βʷ s ɣ ∅
|
β b m → βʷ bʷ mʷ / typically near *u
|
10.3.3 Proto-Oceanic to Lemerig | p pʷ k q → β w ɣ ∅
|
10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap | p pʷ bʷ k ɡ → β w kpʷ ɣ k
|
10.3.12 Proto-Oceanic to Vera’a | p pʷ k q → β w ɣ ∅
|
17 Indo-European | 17.7 Proto-Indo-European to Common Germanic | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → β ð ɣ
|
f θ s x → β ð z ɣ “(Except initially or following IE stress)”
|
17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic | m → β / C[- voiced]_n, when medial
|
17.7.2.1.11 Scots to Falkirk Scots | p b → ɸ β / {#,V}_ ! _C
|
17.12.1.1.1 Classical Latin vs. Vulgar Latin | w → β
|
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan | p b t d k ɡ → β {β,w} ∅ {j,w} ɣ {j,∅,ɡ} / V_rV
|
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal | b d ɡ → β ð ɣ / V_V
|
w → v → β
|
17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian | b d ɡ → β ð ɣ / “except in Nuorese”
|
17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish | b → β / V_V
|
b ɡ → β ɣ / {l,ɾ}_
|
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib | 18.3.1 Proto-Tuparí to Makuráp | b → β / V_V
|
ɡʷ → β / _V[-nas]
|
ð nŋʷ → c β / #_V[-nas]
|
18.3.3 Proto-Tuparí to Tuparí | ɡʷ ŋɡ → β k / _V[-nas]
|
ᵐb ŋʷ → p β / #_V[-nas]
|
18.3.4 Proto-Tuparí to Wayoró | p → β / V_
|
bʷ → β / #_V[+nas]
|
r ŋʷ → n β / V[+nas]_V[+nas]
|
21 Lakes Plain | 21.1.1 Proto-Far West to Awera | b → β~m / #_V[-high]
|
b d ɡ → β~w ɾ~∅ ɣ / V_V
|
iiɛ Vdiɛ → ijɛ βe
|
21.1.2 Proto-Far West to Saponi | b → β~m / #_V[+ low]
|
21.1.3 Proto-Far West to Rasawa | p b d k → ɸ β ɾ x~k / V_V
|
b → β~m / #_V[+ low]
|
iiɛ Vdiɛ → ijɛ βie
|
21.2.3.1 Proto-West Tariku to Deirate | b d k → b~β ɾ~l~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
|
21.2.3.2 Proto-West Tariku to Faia | b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
|
21.2.3.3 Proto-West Tariku to Fayu | b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
|
21.2.3.4 Proto-West Tariku to Kirikiri | b d k → b~β ɾ~l~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
|
21.2.3.5 Proto-West Tariku to Sehudate | b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
|
21.2.3.6 Proto-West Tariku to Tause | b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
|
21.2.3.7 Proto-West Tariku to Weirate | b d k → b~β ɾ~l~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
|
25 Macro-Panoan | 25.1.3 Proto-Tacanan to Reyesano | w → β / _E ?
|
25.1.4 Proto-Tacanan to Tacana | w → β / _E
|
30 Niger-Congo | 30.3.1.1.7 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Vhe | χʷ ʁʷ → ɸ β
|
37 Siouan-Iroquoian | 37.2.6 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Dhegiha | w → β (sporadic, allophonic)
|
41 Trans-New Guinea | 41.1 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Apalɨ | p k ⁿd → β {h,k} nj / V_V
|
42 Uralic | 42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish | b d ɡ → β ð ɣ / ! N_
|
42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish | p → β → U / _R
|
45 Yuman-Cochimı́ | 45.1.2 Proto-Pai to Paipai | b → β
|