| 10 Austronesian | 10.2.3.1 Proto-Malayic to (Standard) Malay | V → ə / _(C…)UU#
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| ə → a / _(C…)#
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| 10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese | V → Vː / ə(C…?)_
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| 10.2.6 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-North Sarawak | a → ə / _UU(U…)#
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| ə → ∅ / #_UU(U…)# “(i.e., in word-initial position in prepenultimate syllables)
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| 10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput | ai au → ɛː ɔː / _…#
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| a → i / O[+voiced]…_(C)# “(blocked if there was an intervening nasal, and sometimes if there was an intervening voiceless stop or liquid)”
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| (C)V → ∅ / #_C… “(irregular)”
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| 10.2.6.3 Proto-Malayic to Minangkabau | a → o / _(C…)#
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| — ə → a / _(C…)# (eventually spread to everywhere)
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| 15 Eskimo-Aleut | 15.2.5 Proto-Eskimo to Kuskokwim Yup’ik | C → Cː / _V(…V) except in #U
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| 15.2.6 Proto-Eskimo to Nunivak Yup’ik | C → Cː / _V(…V) except in #U
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| 15.2.8 Proto-Eskimo to Unaaliq Yup’ik | C → Cː / _V(…V), after #U
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| 17 Indo-European | 17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish | oː → uː / _(C…)#
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| — e → i / _(C…)#
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| — o → a / _{(C…),u}#
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| — i u → e o / _C(…C){a(ː),e(ː),o(ː)}
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| — e o → i u / _C(…C){H,j}
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| 17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh | a o → ei {ɨ,ei} / _(C…)j(C…)#
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| a → {ɨ,ei} / _(C…)j(C…)#
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| V → ɨ / _(C…)j(C…)#
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| {a,o} → e / _(C…)i(ː)
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| {a,e,o} → ei / _(C…)j
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| 17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic | iji → iː / U[- stress](C…)_
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| 17.7.2.2 West Germanic to Old Low Franconian | ai u → ei ʏ / _(C…){i(ː),j} (short only; in the case of [ʏ] at least this was not yet phonemic)
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| a → ɛ / _(C…){i(ː),j} (conjectured based on date from the “Germanic umlaut” article)
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| 17.7.2.4 High German Cosonant Shift and Umlaut | a u o → e y ø / _(C…){i(ː),j}
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| 17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French | e → ə / #(C…)_(%…)” in U[+open]
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| e → ɛ / #(C…)_(%…)” in U[+closed] or _V (?)
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| a → ə / #{tʃ,dʒ}_(%…)” in U[+open]
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| ɛ → i / _C(C…)i#
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| 17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal | — e → i / _(C…)i{C(C…)V,#}
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| — au → a / _(C…)u
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| — e → i / _(C…)i(C…)#
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| — V → ∅ / R_(C…)
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| ɡ → ∅ / V_(VC…)”V
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| 17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanian | V → ”V / _(C…)”{i,e}V
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| s → i / #(C…)V_#
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| e → a / i_(C…){a,e}#
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| a o → ə u / ”U…_#
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| e → ə / ”U…P_(C…)V# ! V = i
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| a → a / #(C…)V…C[+palatal]_…”U
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| a o → ə u / #(C…)V…_…”U
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| e → i / #(C…)V…_n…”U
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| e → ə / #(C…)V…{t,d,n}_…”U
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| e → ə / P”_(C…)B
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| e → ə / #{r,P}_…”U
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| o → u / #C…_…”U
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| Ci → Cʲ / _# ! R…R_#
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| 18 Je-Tupı́-Carib | 18.4.1 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Akwára | o → a / ! o(C…)_(C…)#
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| 18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama | o → u(a) / ! o(C…)_(C…)#
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| 18.4.3 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guajajara | o → u / ! o(C…)_(C…)#
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| 18.4.10 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Urubu | u → o / ! o(C…)_(C…)#
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| 33 Penutian | 33.1.1 Proto-Utian to Proto-Costanoan (Ohlone) | e → i / _(C…)u
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| o → a / ! o(C…)_ or _(C…){o,i}
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| 33.1.1.1 Proto-Costanoan to Chochenyo | o → u / _(C…)i
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| 33.1.1.3 Proto-Costanoan to Mutsun | o → u / _(C…)i
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| 33.1.1.4 Proto-Costanoan to Rumsen | o → u / _(C…)i
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| 42 Uralic | 42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish | æ → a / e(C…)_(C…)o
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| e → ø / #(C…)_y
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| i → y / #(C…)l_y
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| i → y / #(C…)_væ
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| 42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian | ɑ æ → æe / _(C…)i
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| 44 Vasconic | 44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque | i → u / _(C…)u (Roncalese)
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| i → y / _(C…)y (Souletin)
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| e → o / _(C…)o (eastern dialects, Bermeo Biscayan)
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| e → o / o(C…)_ (eastern dialects)
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| a o e → ɛ u i / {i,u}(C…)_ (this [ɛ] is tentatively marked as such; Egurtzegi transcribes it as /e/ but says it’s not as close as /e/)
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