Index Diachronica: involving /∅/

159 results from /∅/ 1519 results to /∅/ 3 results with context involving /∅/

from /∅/

159 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	∅ → F / N_{O,r} ! m_f
	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	∅ → i / #al$_z
	6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic	∅ → e / CVCC_CVCV (applies across word boundaries)
	6.2.2.1.12 Classical Arabic to Eastern Libyan Arabic	∅ → ə / C_CV(ː,V)CC
	6.2.2.1.13 Classical Arabic to Western Libyan Arabic	∅ → ə / CCV(ː,V)C_C
7 Algonquian	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	∅ → ʔ / CV[-long]_#
	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	∅ → h / #_V
	7.3.2 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Gros Ventre	∅ → ʔ / #_V
	7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot	∅ → x / _s ! _C{C,#}
		∅ → s / {i(ː),#e}_t
		∅ → s / k_i(ː)
		∅ → j / {oːw,iːj}_i#
		∅ → i / r_w
		∅ → i / #_jC
		∅ → i / C_jV#
	7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee	∅ → h / V[-long]_#
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	∅ → ʔ / C{v,d}_{ʃp,ʃk,hV}
		∅ → h / #_V
		∅ → i / #C_jVː “(for some speakers)”
8 Altaic	8.1.1 Early Middle Japanese to Modern Japanese	∅ → w / _o
8 Altaic	8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyz	∅ → U / #_{l,r} (not sure what 〈U〉 represents here; maybe just some sort of back vowel?)
10 Austronesian	10.1.2.5 Proto-Philippine to Ifugao	∅ → j / _iw#
	10.1.2.7.1 Proto-Kalamian to Agutaynen	∅ → ʔ / #_
	10.1.2.7.1 Proto-Kalamian to Agutaynen	∅ → ʔ / V_#
	10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananen	∅ → ʔ / #_
	10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananen	∅ → ʔ / V_#
	10.1.2.7.3 Proto-Kalamian to Kalamian Tagbanwa	∅ → ʔ / #_
	10.1.2.7.3 Proto-Kalamian to Kalamian Tagbanwa	∅ → ʔ / V_#
	10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro	∅ → j / i_a
		∅ → w / u_a
		∅ → w / a_u
		∅ → w / #_V
	10.2.5 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Palauan	∅ → w / u_V
		∅ → j / i_V
		∅ → ə / C_C “(for certain consonant combinations, which the paper doesn’t specify)”
		∅ → ŋ / #_V
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	∅ → h / a_#
	10.3.5.4 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Northern	∅ → j / #_a
	10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	∅ → h / #_V (“it isn’t clear if this happens unconditionally”)
	10.4.1 Proto-Micronesian to Marshallese	∅ → ɰ / #_aC[-low]
		∅ → j / #_{aC[+low],V[-back],C[-back]}
		∅ → w / #_{C[+round],V[+round]}
	10.5.1 Proto-Ongan to Jarawa	∅ → a / h#_ (that’s not a typo; this happens across the word boundary)
	10.5.2 Proto-Ongan to Onge	∅ → e / C_#
14 Elamo-Dravidian	14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil	∅ → ɨ / _N#
		∅ → ʉ / {l,ɭ}_# if {M,Vː} previously in the lexeme
		∅ → {ɨ,ʉ} / to break up clusters
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.1 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Aleut	∅ → t / #_s
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.2.7 Proto-Eskimo to Siberian Yup’ik	∅→ n / #_iN (This one is sort of a guess, given a singular example in the text that isn’t really commented upon)
17 Indo-European	17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic	— ∅ → a / CR_HC
		— ∅ → i / C{l,r}S
		— ∅ → a / C_RC
	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	p t k kʷ b d ɡ ∅ → b d ɡ ɡʷ mb nd ŋɡ n / n#_”V
	17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots	∅ → ə̆ / _{n,r}
	17.7.2.1.13 Middle English to Yola	∅ → ɛ / uː_d
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	∅ → ə / M_r% (I don’t know what Mr. Ciupak means by 〈M〉)
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	∅ → t / s_r
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	∅ → j / {y,e}(ː)_a
	17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	∅ → u / C_r#
	17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	∅ → b / m_l
	17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	∅ → h / #_V
	17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan	∅ → a / #_z
	17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish	∅ → h / _ъ
		∅ → d / r_z
		∅ → t / s_r “in ‘stręczyć’”
	17.11.2 Proto-Slavic to Old Russian	∅ → j / #_a
	17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	∅ → t / sː_r
	17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	∅ → p / m_{s,t,l}
	17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan	∅ → e / #_sC
		∅ → {e,o} / CL_#
		∅ → {e,o} / rː_#
	17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French	∅ → s / t_j
		∅ → b / m_{r,l}
		∅ → d / {n,l,ɲ,z_r
		∅ → t / s_r
		∅ → e / #_sC
		∅ → j / {ʃ,ʒ,sj,zj}”{a,é}_ in U[+open]
	17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal	∅ → i / #_sC
		∅ → k / #s_l
		∅ → b / m_l
		∅ → d / z_r
		∅ → b / m_r
		∅ → t / s_r
	17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian	∅ → i / _s (“[m]ainly Logudorese”)
	17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	— ∅ → b / m_ɾ
	17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	— ∅ → d / n_ɾ
	17.13.2 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian B	∅ → t / {N,L}_S
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama	∅ → i / j_#, in monosyllables
	18.4.7 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Parintintín	∅ → ŋ / {#,V}_w
	18.4.9.1.5 Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró to Zoró	∅ → ʔ / V_#
20 Khoisan	20.2.1 Proto-Kx’a to ÇHoan	∅ → a / o_m
21 Lakes Plain	21.1 Proto-Lakes Plain to Proto-Far West	∅ → echo vowel / C_CV
	21.2.1 Proto-Tariku to Proto-Central Tariku	∅ → echo vowel / C_CV
	21.2.1.1 Proto-Central Tariku to Edopi	∅ → dz / _î
	21.2.2.1 Proto-East Tariku to Biritai	∅ → dz / î_V
	21.2.2.3 Proto-East Tariku to Eritai	∅ → dz → î_V
	21.2.2.4 Proto-East Tariku to Kai	∅ → dz / î_V
	21.2.2.5 Proto-East Tariku to Obokuitai	∅ → dz / îV
	21.2.2.6 Proto-East Tariku to Sikaritai	∅ → dz / î_V
	21.2.2.7 Proto-East Tariku to Waritai	∅ → dz / î_V
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1.1.1 Proto-Chibchan to Arhuaco	∅ → u / w_V
24 Macro-Pama-Nyungan	24.1.2 Proto-Paman to AwÅtim	∅ → j / #(C)iː(C)_V ! _i
		∅ → w / #(C)uː(C)_V ! _u
		∅ → a / #(C)aː(C)_V ! _a
	24.1.7 Proto-Paman to Yinwum	∅ → j / #iː(C)_a
	24.1.7 Proto-Paman to Yinwum	∅ → w / #uː(C)_a
25 Macro-Panoan	25.1.4 Proto-Tacanan to Tacana	∅ → j / k_e
29 Na-Dene	29.1.1.1.30 Proto-Athabaskan to Hare Slavey-Hare	∅ → j / _e
30 Niger-Congo	30.1.1.1 Proto-Bantu to Sebirwa	∅ → ɡ / #n_V (in verbs)
33 Penutian	33.3.1.2 Buena Vista Yokuts to Hometwoli	∅ → h / V(ː)_, when stressed (only sometimes, “particularly before consonants”)
35 Salishan	35.1.2 Proto-Central Salish to Chilliwack Halkomelem	∅ → V₀ / ”V₀³_
35 Salishan	35.1.7 Proto-Central Salish to Nooksack	∅ → V₀ / ”V₀³ʔ_
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	∅ → w / P_V
		∅ → w / C_o# ! C = {K,C[+pharyngeal]}
		∅ → w / C̣_aŋ
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	∅ → j / çm_
	36.3.2.2.6 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tsa Ku Nao	∅ → n / _pr
	36.3.2.2.6 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tsa Ku Nao	∅ → dz / #_j
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	∅ → j / rN_
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	∅ → Vː[+high rising tone] / C_# (“usually one of [/aː iː ʌ̃ː/ with this tone], the conditions are unclear”)
	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	∅ → i / C_R
	37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian	∅ → i(ː) / #_(C)(C)CVC(C)(C)#
	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	∅ → a / w_j
	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	∅ → h / {t,k}_n
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	∅ → k / s_(h)w
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	∅ → a / CC_ʔ
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	∅ → w / {o(ː),õ(ː)}_V
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	∅ → j / {e(ː),ẽ(ː),i(ː)}_V
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	∅ → e / w_r (and “probably. . .in other environments”)
	37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk	∅ → e / {tsh,s,n}_r
		∅ → e / w_j
		∅ → e / n_k(ʷ)
		∅ → e / {t,k}_{r,n}
		∅ → e / {#,V}s_n
		∅ → e / t_w
		∅ → e / {#,V}s_w
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	∅ → i / {V,t}n_k(ʷ)V
		— ∅ → e / C_{n,l}V(H)#
		— ∅ → o / C_wV(H)#
		— ∅ → i / C_jV(H)#
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	∅ → h / k_n
	37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora	∅ → t / hs_r
	37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora	∅ → j / k_e(ː)
	37.2.1 Proto-Siouan to Catawba	∅ → ʔ / C_# (only sometimes?) (*)
	37.2.5.2 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Hidatsa	∅ → V / x_k
	37.2.7.2 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Ofo	∅ → V / k_m
	37.2.7.3 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Tutelo	∅ → V / k_m
42 Uralic	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	∅ → ʋ / #_{yː,øː,oː}
42 Uralic	42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian	∅ → ʔ / (C)V_CV
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.1 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Comanche	∅ → h / V_u_k
44 Vasconic	44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque	∅ → a / #_{ra,ro} (sporadic)
		∅ → e / #_r
		∅ → e / #_{s̺,s̻}C
		∅ → j / V_{N,s̺,s̻}S
		∅ → j / u_V (eastern dialects)
		∅ → m / o$_V (Orozko Biscayan)
		∅ → V / Vk_# (Zeberio Biscayan)
46 Vowel Shifts	46.11 Middle Chinese to Cantonese Vowel Shift (“The Inner-Outer Flip”)	∅ → ə / C[+ labiovelar]_i
46 Vowel Shifts		∅ → ə / _u

to /∅/

1519 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Omotic	t → ∅ / _s#
	6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Omotic	w → ∅ / #C_V, except _i(ː)
	6.1.1 Proto-Omotic to North Omotic	N → ∅ / V_{C[+sibilant],p}
	6.1.1.1 North Omotic to Bench	x₂ s₃ → ∅ ʃ / V_V
	6.1.1.1 North Omotic to Bench	{ʔ,h_x} → ∅
	6.1.1.2 North Omotic to Dizin	x₂ → ∅ / V_V
	6.1.1.2 North Omotic to Dizin	ʔ → ∅
	6.1.1.3 North Omotic to Kafa	x₂ → ∅ / V_V
	6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho	x₂ → ∅ / V_V
	6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho	h₁ → {h,∅} / #_
	6.1.1.6 North Omotic to Wolaytta	x₂ → ∅ / V_V
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	x₂ → ∅ / V_V
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	h₁ → {h,∅} / #_
	6.1.1.8 North Omotic to Zayse-Zergulla	x₂ → ∅ / V_V
	6.1.2.1 South Omotic to Aari	h₁ → ∅
	6.2.1.1.1 Proto-Agaw to Awngi	{x,ɢ}(ʷ) → ∅ / at word boundaries
	6.2.1.1.1 Proto-Agaw to Awngi	ʔ → ∅
	6.2.1.1.2 Proto-Agaw to Blin	{x,ɢ}(ʷ) → ∅ / at word boundaries
	6.2.1.1.3 Proto-Agaw to Kemantney	{x,ɢ}(ʷ) → ∅ / at word boundaries
		x → ∅
		ʔ → ∅
	6.2.1.1.4 Proto-Agaw to Xamtanga	{x,ɢ} → ∅
		{xʷ,ɢʷ} → ∅ / at word boundaries
		ʔ → ∅
	6.2.2.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Chadic	ŋ → ∅ / V_{ts,q}
	6.2.2.1.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Boreafrasian	V → ∅ / _# “in nominals”
	6.2.2.1.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Boreafrasian	ŋ → ∅ / #_CV
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	l → ∅ / #{d,tʼ}_VC
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	q → ∅ / _i
	6.2.2.1.4 Proto-Boreafrasian to Proto-Semitic	w → ∅ / _C
	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	j → ∅ / Ck_$
		ʔ h → ∅ x
		j(ː) → ∅ / V_E
		{u,a,i} → ∅ / _%, when stressed (short only)
		a → ∅ / _t, in the feminine ending
	6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic	{i,u} → ∅ / VC_CV when unstressed (short only)
	6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic	h → ∅ / in coda
	6.2.2.1.8 Classical Arabic to Coastal Hadhrami Arabic	V[-long] → ∅ / #C_C, in some words
	6.2.2.1.9 Classical Arabic to Wādı̄ Hadhrami Arabic	V[-long] → ∅ / #C_C (sporadic?)
	6.2.2.1.10 Classical Arabic to Hassāniyya Arabic	ʔ → {∅,j,w} / depending on the environment; again, the article is unclear
	6.2.2.1.10 Classical Arabic to Hassāniyya Arabic	V[-long] → ∅ / C_{C,#} (except for the feminine marker)
	6.2.2.1.14 Classical Arabic to Moroccan Arabic	{u,ə} → ∅ / ! C_C(C)#
	6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew	— a → ∅ / _#
		— u → ∅ / ! _Cː
		ʕ → ∅ / _{$,#}
		j → ∅ / E_ (not clear whether only short E or long also)
	6.2.2.1.19 Biblical Hebrew to Modern Israeli Hebrew	ə → ∅ / else
		h → ∅ / _#
		ʔ → ∅ / ! in onset of U[+stress] (colloquial)
		h → ∅ (colloquial)
7 Algonquian	7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki	N → ∅ / _O
		a → ∅ / #_OO
		V → ∅ / _#
		w → ∅ / _# ! k(ː)_
		j → ∅ / _# ! P_
		w → ∅ / C_ ! C = K
		j → ∅ / _C
		i → ∅ / #w_
	7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki	N → ∅ / _RO
		V[- high - long] → ∅ / #C_OO
		a → ∅ / #_OO
		V → ∅ / _#
		w → ∅ / _# ! k(ː)_
		j → ∅ / _# ! p_
		w → ∅ / C_ ! C = K
		j → ∅ / C_
		{R,h} → ∅ / V_V (sporadic?)
	7.3 Proto-Algonquian to Proto-Arapaho-Atsina	(W)V → ∅ / _#
		W → ∅ / C_i(ː)
		θ h {s,m,n,r} → ʃ ∅ ʔ / _C
		p k → k ∅
	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	({C,#}V)ʔ → ({C,#}Vː)∅ / _C
		(V[-long])N → ∅ / _#
		n → ∅ / _j
		j → ∅ / C_
		h → ∅ / _#
	7.3.2 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Gros Ventre	({C,#}V[-long])ʔ → ({C,#}Vː[+falling tone])∅ / _C
		j → ∅ / {ʃ,θ}
		(V[-long])N → ∅ / _#
		n → ∅ / _j
	7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot	h → ∅ / ! _C
		{ʔθ,ʔr} → {ʔ,j,∅}
		w → ∅ / C_
		hi → ∅ / aː_
		w → ∅ / {a,o}_iC
		e → ∅ / O_ in #U (not universal)
		{me,ne} → ∅ / #_O “(followed by truncation of following x)”
		tsi → ∅ / $_OO “(before a prefix; the first obstruent of the follow[ing] cluster then becomes ʔ)
	7.5 Proto-Algonquian to Cheyenne	p t k → {hp,∅} ht {hk,∅}
		C[- nasal] → ∅ / near nasals
		m → ∅ / near nasals
		p → {t,∅} / near consonants
		W → ∅ / near nasals or t
	7.6 Proto-Algonquian to Northern East Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.7 Proto-Algonquian to Southern East Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.8 Proto-Algonquian to Plains Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.9 Proto-Algonquian to Swampy Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.10 Proto-Algonquian to Woods Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware	w → ∅ / m_C
		w → ∅ / {p,m}_#
		w → ∅ / ! {k,p,m}_
		j → ∅ / C_
		h → ∅ / _{s,x}
		k → ∅ / h_ (sometimes restored via analogy, e.g., in verbs)
		V → ∅ / _# ! some monosyllables and analogical developments, in the latter of which long vowels were shortened
		{a,ə} → ∅ / _{x,h} “in the odd-numbered of any sequence of one or more short-vowel open syllables”; such vowels are considered “weak”
		ə[+weak] → ∅ / #_C
		ə[+weak] → ∅ / _C[+voiced] (sporadic)
		a[+weak] ə[+weak] → ə ∅ / a_Z[+voiced]
	7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee	V[-long] → ∅ / _# “[does not apply in disyllabic words containing two short vowels]”
		H → ∅ / _m
		w → ∅ / h_V
		{w,j} → ∅ / C_#
		C → ∅ / C_#
7.13 Proto-Algonquian to Miami-Illinois	mV[-long] → ∅ / #_{ʰC,s,ʃ} (allophonic, “optional”)
7.13 Proto-Algonquian to Miami-Illinois	{h,ʔ} → ∅ / _m
7.14 Proto-Algonquian to Mi’kmaq	n{θ,l} h{θ,ʃ} → ∅ s
	{ʔ,h,N} → ∅ / _C
	ʔ{θ,ʃ} ʔl → s ∅
	x → ∅ / _{p,k}
7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe	w → ∅ / {t,r}_i
	{θ,s,h,ʔ} → ∅ / _{p,t,tʃ,k}
	{ʔ,h} → ∅ / _ʃ
	{n,r} → ∅ / _r
	H → ∅ / _m
	{j,w}V[-long] → ∅ / C_# in disyllables with Vː or in tri(-plus-)syllables
	{w,j}V[-long] → ∅ / Vː_# (Whimemsz is unsure if this change is across-the-board or not)
	V[-long] → ∅ / V[-long]{w,j}_# (Whimemsz is unsure if this change is across-the-board or not)
	j → ∅ / C_
7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	r → ∅ / n_
	N → ∅ / _O
	j → ∅ / C_i(ː)
	j → ∅ / {tʃ,ʃ}_eː
	j → ∅ / {tʃ,ʃ,w}_aː
	w → ∅ / t_i
	V[-long] → ∅ / _{ʃp,ʃk}
	V[-long] → ∅ / C_ʔC
	V[-long] → ∅ / _hV
	ʔ → ∅ / C{v,l,s}_C
	ʔ → ∅ / _CC
8 Altaic	8.1 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Japonic	ɡ → ∅ / iV_
		ŋ → {∅,n} #_ else
		j → {j,∅}
	8.1.1 Early Middle Japanese to Modern Japanese	w → ∅ / ! _{a,o}
		j → ∅ / _e
		w → ∅ / _o
		w → ∅ / k_a
	8.2 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Korean	{tʰ,d} {k,ɡ} → r {h,∅} / {C,V}_{C,V}
		ŋ → {ŋ,∅}
		j → {j,∅}
	8.3 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Mongolic	ŋ → {∅,j} / #_
	8.5 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Turkic	{pʰ,ŋ} → {∅,j} / #_
	8.5 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Turkic	{N,l,r,ʃ,z} → ∅ / #_
	8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak	V[- long] → ∅ (shared with Old Turkic)
	8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak	h → ∅ (shared with Old Turkic)
	8.5.1.1 Proto-Kypchak to Kazakh	w → ∅ / ɯ_
	8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyz	j → ∅ / _l (sporadic?)
		ɣ → ∅ / V_V
		æ Vh {ʕ,h} → ɑː Vː ∅ (seems to have largely been confined to loanwords from Persian)
	8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha	d s {ʃ,z} → t ∅ s / V_V
	8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha	s → ∅ / #_
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen	m → ∅ / _l
	9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen	w → ∅ / tʰV_k (conjectured)
	9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese	t → ∅ / _ɹ (only first-register tones can occur in this environment)
	9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese	l → ∅ / {i,e}_
	9.1.2.1 Middle Vietnamese to Hanoi Vietnamese	w → ∅ / tV_wk (conjectured)
	9.1.2.2 Middle Vietnamese to Saigon Vietnamese	m → ∅ / _l
		{c,ɲ} → ∅ / else
		ə → ∅ / {i,ɨ}_{p,m.w}
		ə → ∅ / ɨ_j
		ə → ∅ / u_{m,j}
		w → ∅ / tV_wk (conjectured)
10 Austronesian	10.1.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan	w → ∅ / #_
	10.1.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan	{q,h} → ∅
	10.1.1.1 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Balinese	r → {r,h} → {∅,h}
	10.1.1.1 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Balinese	h → {∅,h}
	10.1.1.2 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sasak	h → ∅
	10.1.1.3 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sumbawan	h → ∅
		w → ∅ / i_#
		S[+ voice] → ∅ / _N
		S[+ voice] → ∅ / N_
		b → ∅ / medial (sporadic)
	10.1.1.5 Proto-Polynesian to Luangiua	{q,h} → ∅
	10.1.2.1 Proto-Philippine to Bicol	h *j → ∅ d / _#
	10.1.2.1 Proto-Philippine to Bicol	q → ∅
	10.1.2.2 Proto-Philippine to Cebuano	h *j → ∅ d / _#
		q → ∅
		h → ∅ / _#
	10.1.2.3 Proto-Philippine to Hiligaynon	h → ∅ / _#
	10.1.2.3 Proto-Philippine to Hiligaynon	q → ∅
	10.1.2.4 Proto-Philippine to Ibanag	{q,h} → ∅
	10.1.2.5 Proto-Philippine to Ifugao	{q,h} → ∅
	10.1.2.6 Proto-Philippine to Ilocano	{q,h} → ∅
	10.1.2.7 Proto-Philippine to Proto-Kalamian	{h,ʔ} → ∅
	10.1.2.7.1 Proto-Kalamian to Agutaynen	k → ∅ / _{V,#}
	10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananen	k → ∅ / _{V,#}
	10.1.2.7.3 Proto-Kalamian to Kalamian Tagbanwa	k → ∅ / _{V,#}
	10.1.2.8 Proto-Philippine to Kankanay	{h,q} → ∅
	10.1.2.9 Proto-Philippine to Tagalog	h *j → ∅ d / _#
	10.1.2.9 Proto-Philippine to Tagalog	q → ∅ (not sure what happens word-finally to it)
	10.1.2.10 Proto-Philippine to Waray	h → ∅ / _#
	10.1.2.10 Proto-Philippine to Waray	q → ∅
	10.2 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Batak	w → ∅ / i_#
		{ts,ʈ} {ɟ͡ʝ,ɖ} {lʲ,ɲ} {ʔ,x,s,h} ʀ → t d n ∅ r (velar fricative is conjectured; changes → d “unsure”)
		q → ∅ / #_ (sometimes; “represented by *h in PB”)
	10.2.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Chamic	w → ∅ / #_
	10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro	ə → ∅ / VC_CV
		V → ∅ / VC_CV (sporadic)
		k → ∅ / _# (sporadic)
		h → ∅
		d → ∅ / _#
	10.2.3 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayic	w → ∅ / #_
		h → ∅ / else
		H → {∅,h} / _əNS / #_
	10.2.3.1 Proto-Malayic to (Standard) Malay	h → ∅ / ! _# (sporadic)
	10.2.4 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayo-Javanic	q h → h ∅
	10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese	R → ∅
	10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese	h → ∅ / #_
	10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese	b → {w,∅} / #_
	10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese	h → ∅
	10.2.4.3 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Sundanese	w → {∅,c} / #_
	10.2.4.3 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Sundanese	R → {∅,r,j}
	10.2.5 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Palauan	ə → ∅ / #_
		h → ∅
		ə → ∅ / _j
		j → ∅ / C_i
		ə → ∅ / _#
		ə → ∅ “(sporadic)”
		ŋ → ∅ / C_#
	10.2.6 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-North Sarawak	{ʔ,h} → ∅ / #_
		{ʔ,h} → ∅ / V₁[+high]_V₂
		h → ∅ / _#
		ə → ∅ / adjacent to a vowel
		ə → ∅ / _V
		ə → ∅ VC_CV
		ə → ∅ / #_UU(U…)# “(i.e., in word-initial position in prepenultimate syllables)
10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	ʔ → ∅ / V_V
	k → ∅ / V_V “(in some forms)”
	s → ∅ / V_V (sporadic)
	ə → ∅ / adjacent to a vowel
	l → ∅ / ! _# (irregular)
	s → ∅ / _#
	k ŋ → ʔ ∅ / Və̯_#
	(C)V → ∅ / #_C… “(irregular)”
	ə → ∅ / #_
10.2.6.2 Proto-North Sarawak to Proto-Kenyah	ɻ → ∅
	h → ∅ / _#
	CV → ∅ / _NCVC “(in reduplications)”
10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lóngh	ʔ → ∅ / _# “(but aʔ → əʔ in some forms)”
	ə → ∅ / #_
	N → ∅ / _S “(sporadic)”
	h → ∅ / V_V
10.2.6.3 Proto-Malayic to Minangkabau	h → ∅ / ! _# (some exceptions)
10.2.6.3 Proto-Malayic to Minangkabau	— {l,r} → ∅ / _# (retained across morpheme boundaries)
10.3.1 Proto-Oceanic to Hawai’ian	{h,ʔ} → ∅
10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw	p pʷ {c,*j} k q → β βʷ s ɣ ∅
	C → ∅ / _#
	s → h → ∅ (sporadic)
	”V[+ high(er)] → ∅ / _CV
10.3.3 Proto-Oceanic to Lemerig	p pʷ k q → β w ɣ ∅
	V → ∅ / #_C”V
	V → ∅ / CVC_C”V
10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap	q → ∅
	V[- high] → ∅ / {ɔ,ɛ,ɪ}C_
	V₁ → ∅ / _”V₂
	V → ∅ / (C)V_VC”V
10.3.5 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-New Caledonia	*R → ∅
10.3.5 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-New Caledonia	V → ∅ / _C”V
10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàc	k → ∅ / _{o,a}
	N → ∅ / _#
	V → ∅ / #(C)V(C)(C)_#
	{p,pw,k} → ∅ / V_V
10.3.5.4 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Northern	C → ∅ / _$(possessive suffix)#
10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	V → ∅ / _#, often
10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	k → ∅ / _{o,a}
10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	V → ∅ / #(C)V(C)(C)_#
	C → ∅ / _# “sometimes”
	q → ∅
	jʰ j → h ∅ / _i
10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	V → ∅ / _# (sporadic?)
10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	k c → ∅ {j,∅} / V_V
10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	V → ∅ / _# (sporadic?)
10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	p pw t {k,c} → {v,∅} w l ∅ / V_V
10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga	k → ∅ / _{o,a}
	p pw t̪ ʈ k c → v w ð l ∅ j / V_V
	V → ∅ / _#
10.3.5.8.1 Proto-Yunaga to Yunaga 1	C → ∅ / _#
10.3.6 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz	p → ∅ / _B
	r → ∅ / d_
	C → ∅ / _#
10.3.6.1 Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz to Äiwoo	{t,k} → ∅ / V_V
	k → {k,∅} / #_
	q → {k,∅}
10.3.6.2 Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz to Nagu	k → {k,∅} / #_
10.3.6.2 Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz to Nagu	q *R → ∅ {l,∅}
10.3.6.3 Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz to Natügu	t k → l ∅ / V_V
10.3.6.3 Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz to Natügu	q *R → ∅ {l,∅}
10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	C → ∅ / _#
	q → ∅
	*R → {∅,r}
	V[+ high] → ∅ / _# ! {p,z,d(r)}_
	p ŋ → f ∅ / ”V_V
	ɣ s d → ∅ {j dr} / _#
	ɣ s d → ∅ {j dr} / “before a post-tonic vowel”
	V → ∅ / {”V,j}_
10.3.8 Proto-Oceanic to Tolomako	C → ∅ / _#
	q → ∅
	*R → {∅,r} (the former seems more common)
10.3.9 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Utupua	p q → v ∅ (in general, seems like there was something going on with conditioning in the case of *p?)
	w → ∅ (? Tanibili [w] may just be phonetically determined)
	C → ∅ / _# (except for *k?)
10.3.9.1 Proto-Utupua to Asuboa	dr s l → {d,ɟ} {∅,s} {n,∅}
	c ɲ → ∅ {ɲ,j}
	t r l → {j,s} {j,∅} j / _u
	k → {k,∅} / #_
	k → {∅,s} / _#
	r → {l,n,∅}
	*R → {l,∅}
10.3.9.2 Proto-Utupua to Nebao	t k → r ∅ / #_ (though *t seems to have occasionally survived?)
	r → {l,∅} / _u
	r *R → l ∅
	l → ∅ (occasionally?)
	c ɲ → ∅ n
10.3.9.3 Proto-Utupua to Tanibili	{s,*R} → ∅
	p t {r,l} → ∅ s j / _u
	k → {k,∅} / #_
	t k → {t,r,kʷ,∅} ∅ / V_V
	k → {∅,j} / _#
	d c ɲ → ɟ {s,∅} n
	{r,l} → l (occasionally → ∅?)
10.3.10 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Vanikoro	p → ∅ / _u
	p q → {v,p} ∅
	r → ∅ / d_
	k → ∅ / V_V
10.3.10.1 Proto-Vanikoro to Buma	p t → ∅ {s,k} / _u
	p → ∅ / _#
	k → ∅ / #_
	c *R → ∅ {l,∅}
10.3.10.2 Proto-Vanikoro to Tanema	pʷ w → b ∅
	t → {∅,t} / #_
	c *R → ∅ {l,∅}
10.3.10.3 Proto-Vanikoro to Vano	w → {∅,w}
10.3.10.3 Proto-Vanikoro to Vano	c *R → {j,∅} l
10.3.11 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Southern Vanuatu	*R → ∅
10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	C → ∅ / _# ! C = t
	k → ∅ / V_V (sporadic?)
	q → ∅
	V → ∅ / _# (with very few exceptions)
	{r,h} → ∅ / _#
10.3.11.2.1 Proto-Erromango to Sye	s → ∅ / _C (occasionally blocked)
10.3.11.2.2 Proto-Erromango to Ura	h → ∅
	ɣ → ∅ / _#
	k → ∅ (perhaps doesn’t always happen but happens often)
10.3.11.3 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Tanna	ɡ q → k ∅
10.3.11.3.1 Proto-Tanna to Kwamera	ɣ → ∅
10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakel	ɣ → ∅ / E_
10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakel	ɣ → ∅ / _E
10.3.11.3.3 Proto-Tanna to North Tanna	kʷ → ∅ / _u
	kʷ → ∅ / _a (rare)
	v → ∅ / _i
	ɣ → ∅ / #_
	ɣ → ∅ / _E
10.3.11.3.4 Proto-Tanna to Southwest Tanna	ɣ → ∅ / #_
10.3.11.3.5 Proto-Tanna to Whitesands	kʷ → ∅ / u_
	kʷ → ∅ / _u
	ɣ → ∅ / {#,E}_
	ɣ → ∅ / _E
10.3.12 Proto-Oceanic to Vera’a	p pʷ k q → β w ɣ ∅
	V → ∅ / #_C”V
	V → ∅ / CVC_C”V
10.4.1 Proto-Micronesian to Marshallese	V → ∅ / _#
	V → ∅ / ”VC_
	V → ∅ / “in CV reduplications”
	f → ∅ / #_{C[-low],V[-low]}
	{ç,s} x → tᵚ ∅
10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan	b → ∅ / #_{u,i}
	q → ∅ / #_V
	S → ∅ / _#
	h → {h,j,∅} (Blevins has marked what apparently is *ɟ but I’m assuming it’s an error)
	{m,ɲ} n → {ɲ,∅} {ŋ,∅} / _# (first change marked “in progress?”)
10.5.1 Proto-Ongan to Jarawa	e → ∅ / _# (?)
10.5.2 Proto-Ongan to Onge	{w,r} → ∅ / {a,e}_#
10.7.1 Proto-Rukai to Budai Rukai	{v,ʔ} ð → ∅ j
11 Northeast Caucasian	11.1.1 Proto-Avar-Andic to Akhvakh	{l,r} → ∅ (sometimes, only from original *l)
	11.3 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Khinalug	r → {r,∅}
	11.4 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Lak	m l → {m,n} {l,∅}
	11.5.6 Proto-Lezgic to Udi	ts tsː tsʼ tsːʼ dz → {∅,s} tʃ {∅,tsʼ} {tsʼ,tʃʼ} z
		t → ∅ / s_
		tʃ tʃː tʃʼ tʃːʼ dʒ → {∅,ʃ} tʃ ∅ tʃʼ {dʒ,tʃ}
		tɬ tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ dɮ → {∅,x} q {∅,qʼ} qʼ {ɣ,l}
		q qʼ qːʼ ɢ → ∅(?) ∅ qʼ ɣ
	11.7.2 Proto-Tsezic to Tsez	r → {r,l,∅}
12 Northwest Caucasian	12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh	l lʲ → ∅~j l~ɣʲ
13 Chumashan	13.4 Proto-Chumash to Obispeño	{ˀm,ˀn} → {∅,ʔ} (the former is more likely)
	13.4 Proto-Chumash to Obispeño	ˀj → ∅
	13.5 Proto-Chumash to Purisimeño	ˀj → ∅
	13.6 Proto-Chumash to Ventureño	ʔ → ∅ / _#
14 Elamo-Dravidian	14.1 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Proto-Dravidian	t → ∅ / #_VrC
		s → ∅ / #V_{r̀,l}
		s → ∅ / C_V
		s → ∅ / V_C
	14.2 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Achaemanid Elamite	{i,e,u} → ∅ / #_{t,n}a
	14.2 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Achaemanid Elamite	k ŋk ŋkː → ∅ k kː / V_V
	14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil	{k,v} → ∅ / V_V
		{ɭ,ɽ} → ∅ (sporadic, the latter very much so and contributing some compensatory lengthening)
		{ɾ,l,ɭ} → ∅ / V_S
		ɨ ʉ → ∅ / ! _#
		j → ∅ / V[-front]_#
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.1 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Aleut	i →∅ / #_{z,dʒ}
	15.1 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Aleut	ə → ∅ / #_, “under certain conditions not yet discovered”
	15.2 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Eskimo	ə → ∅ / t_, “in certain positions”
	15.2.1 Proto-Eskimo to Barrow Iñupiaq	ə → ∅ / else
	15.2.1 Proto-Eskimo to Barrow Iñupiaq	v → ∅ / u_i
	15.2.2 Proto-Eskimo to Greenlandic Iñupiaq	v → ∅ / u_a
	15.2.3 Proto-Eskimo to Mackenzie Iñupiaq	v → ∅ / u_i
	15.2.4 Proto-Eskimo to Wales Iñupiaq	v → ∅ / u_V
		v → ∅ / V_u
		ɣ → ∅ / V_u
		ɣ → ∅ / u_V
	15.2.5 Proto-Eskimo to Kuskokwim Yup’ik	S → ∅ / #_F
		ə → ∅
		i → ∅ / #C[+dental]_C[+dental]V
		v → ∅ / u[+short]_V[+short]
		v → ∅ / V[+short]_u[+short]
		u → ∅ / #_vV
		dʒ → ∅ / i_i
		ə → ∅ / _dʒ{a,u}, except in #U
		a → ∅ / _dʒa, except in #U
	15.2.6 Proto-Eskimo to Nunivak Yup’ik	S → ∅ / #_F
		ə → ∅
		i → ∅ / #C[+dental]_C[+dental]V
		a → ∅ / C[+velar]_C[+velar]
		v → ∅ / u[+short]_V[+short]
		v → ∅ / V[+short]_u[+short]
		u → ∅ / #_vV
		dʒ → ∅ / i_i
		ə → ∅ / _dʒ{a,u} except in #U
		a → ∅ / _dʒa (except in #U?)
	15.2.7 Proto-Eskimo to Siberian Yup’ik	S → ∅ / #_F
		ə → ∅ / #_
		i → ∅ / #C[+dental]_C[+dental]V
		a → ∅ / C[+velar]_C[+velar]
		v → ∅ / u[+short]_V[+short]
		v → ∅ / V[+short]_u[+short]
		u → ∅ / #_vV
		dʒ → ∅ / i_i
		ə → ∅ / _dʒ{a,u} except in #U
		a → ∅ / _dʒa (except in #U?)
	15.2.8 Proto-Eskimo to Unaaliq Yup’ik	S → ∅ / #_F
		ə → ∅ / #_
		i → ∅ / #C[+dental]_C[+dental]V
		a → ∅ / C[+velar]_C[+velar]
		v → ∅ / u[+short]_V[+short]
		v → ∅ / V[+short]_u[+short]
		u → ∅ / #_vV
		dʒ → ∅ / i_i
		ə → ∅ / _dʒ{a,u} except in #U
		a → ∅ / _dʒa (except in #U?)
16 Extended West Papuan	16.1.5 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Tabla	i → ∅ / V_ (with a few exceptions)
17 Indo-European	17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albanian	i̯ → ∅ / E_
	17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albanian	ə → ∅ / _#
	17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albanian	i̯ → ∅ / E_
	17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albanian	n → ∅ / V_C?
	17.2 Proto-Indo-European to Common Anatolian	h₁ → ∅
		h₃ → ∅ / “medially”
		r → ∅ / #_ (unclear)
		j → ∅ / #_e (not widely attested)
	17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite	j → ∅ / V_V
	17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwian	{ḱ,k} → ∅ / _i(ː)
		k → ∅ / V_V
		k → ∅ / _N
		j → ∅ / z_
		hh h → h ∅ / ”Vː_u
		hh h → h ∅ / u_”Vː
		h → ∅ / _w ! at word boundaries
		hh → ∅ / _{w,m,n,r,l} “medially, and sporadically”
	17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian	{ɡ́,ɡ} → ∅ / _i(ː)
		ɡ → ∅ / V_V
		j → ∅ / ts_
	17.2.4 Common Anatolian to Lydian	{h₂,h₃} → ∅
		j → ∅ / C_
		n → ∅ / _P “(leaves nasalization on the previous vowel)”
	17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic	h → ∅ / ”Vː_u
	17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic	h → ∅ / u_”Vː
	17.4.1 Proto-Indo-European to Avestan	h_x → ∅
	17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic	— H → ∅ / V_C when pretonic
		— h → ∅ / C_
		— H → ∅ / “if not in a syllabic position”
	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	f → ∅ / else
		— n → ∅ / {i,o,u}_{p,t,k,s}
		w → ∅ / {#,C}C_
		w → ∅ / {θ,x}_
		w → ∅ / V_{V,#}
		— {p,t} → ∅ / #s_r
		— {p,t} → ∅ / #s_ “(although it says that occasionally st > t / #_)”
		— s → ∅ / [anything]{l,r}_O
		V → ∅ / C_# when unstressed ! C = j
		C(…C) → ∅ / _# ! /l r/ and clusters containing them; “[t]his remained a phonologically conditioned rule in OIr”
		j → ∅
		V → ∅ / #UU(_)U(U(_)U) / unstressed; this “remained as a phonologically conditioned rule in OIr”; “[t]hat’s a little unclear, so let me try and enumerate: in words of more than three syllables, every other vowel (only the even ones) dropped, if it’s unstressed. In some words, syncope didn’t apply because it would create an unwieldy consonant cluster: so PIE komaktyom → OIr cumachte, not cumchte”
	17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh	s → ∅ / V_V
		s → ∅ / x_
		{au,eu,ou} → ∅
		V → ∅ / _#
		V → ∅ / _[+intertonic]
	17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic	— V[- long] → ∅ / _# ! V = u
		— V[- long] → ∅ / U_C# ! V = u
		w → ∅ / oː_j
		i → ∅ / _ji
		s → ∅ / V[- long]r_#
		s → ∅ / in “[t]he prep[osition]. us…in compounds before st”, though this seems to have been less common
	17.7.2 Common Germanic to West Germanic	z → {r,∅}
	17.7.2.1 West Germanic to Anglo-Frisian	h → ∅ / V_V
	17.7.2.1 West Germanic to Anglo-Frisian	{i,u} → ∅ / -# ! VC_
	17.7.2.1.1 Anglo-Frisian to Old English	{i,u} → ∅/ _# ! V[-long]C_#
	17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English	m → n → ∅ / _# when unstressed
	17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English	m → n → ∅ / _# when unstressed
	17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English	{e,ɑ,o} → ə → ∅ / _#
	17.7.2.1.5 Early Modern English to American English	j → ∅ / {θ,s,z,l,n,t,d}_ when in onset position
		w → ∅ / C_ɹ for some C (toward(s), quart(er), sword)
		t → ∅ / f_n̩
	17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English	j → ∅ / %{θ,s,z,l}_”V
	17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English	n → ∅ / _# when unstressed (not clear as to whether m → n beforehand in this position or not)
{e,ɑ,o} → ə → ∅ / _#, when unstressed (it appears this sound may also have gone to /ɪ/)	17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English
17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots	b → ∅ / m_l
	t → ∅ / {p,k}_# (“except in some inflected forms” for *kt)
	d → ∅ / n_
	d → ∅ / l_#
	f → ∅ “in certain contexts”
	{ɸ,x} → ∅ / _# (seems to be sporadic)
17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots	N → ∅ / _C ! _%C
	t → ∅ / p_
	{f,v} → ∅ / {l,r,V}_ (sometimes blocked)
	ð → ∅ / {l,r,V}_C
	θ → ∅
	k → ∅ / n_t (sporadic)
	m → ∅ / _n
	l → ∅ / u_
	{w,k} → ∅ / _{n,r}
17.7.2.1.11 Scots to Falkirk Scots	n → ∅ / V_C (in words of more than one syllable)
17.7.2.1.11 Scots to Falkirk Scots	n → ∅ / V_V# “in some disyllabic words”
17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English	m → n → ∅ / _# when unstressed
17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English	e → ∅ / if another /e/ one syllable previous
17.7.2.1.13 Middle English to Yola	C → ∅ / C_%
17.7.2.1.14 Anglo-Frisian to Old Frisian	h → ∅ / V_V
17.7.2.2 West Germanic to Old Low Franconian	h → ∅ / #_C
	j → ∅ / CC_
	h → ∅ / V_V
17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	{h,j} → ∅ / V_V
	w → ∅ / {ou,øy,yː}_
	ə → ∅ / unstressed, but not in every case
17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse	β → ∅ / V_B
	n → ∅ / V{ː,V}_hV
	w → ∅ / _w
	j → ∅ / _i
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	j → ∅ / #_
	a → ∅ / C(C)_{ʀ,s,t,θ}#
	a → ∅ / _{ʀ,s,t,θ}#
	w → ∅ / C_o
	a → ∅ / CC_U#
	a → ∅ / _U#
	{B,E} → ∅ / CC_{ʀ,s,t,θ}# ! B = ɒ
	E → ∅ / _{ʀ,s,t,θ}
	u → ∅ / _({ʀ,s,t,θ})#
	{B,E} → ∅ / CC_U# ! B = ɒ
	{B,E} → ∅ / _U# ! B = ɒ
	w → ∅ / #P_Vː
	V[- long] → ∅ / #U_UU
	b → ∅ / m_s
	d → ∅ / {l,m}_{b,ɡ,k,l,m,n,s}
	ð → ∅ / n_ ! ɡ_
	ð → ∅ / r_{m,l,ɡ,n}
	{f,β,p} → ∅ / r_n
	{f,β,p} → ∅ / l_{d,ɡ,n,ð,t}
	{ɡ,ɣ} → ∅ / l_{ð,t}
	{ɡ,ɣ} → ∅ / r_{d,n,t}
	k → ∅ / l_s
	k → ∅ / r_{m,s,t}
	k → ∅ / s_l,t
	l → ∅ / ŋ_s
	l → ∅ / r_{m,s}
	l → ∅ / s_t
	n → ∅ / f_{d,s,t}
	n → ∅ / l_b
	n → ∅ / m_{s,b}
	n → ∅ / ŋ_{s,w}
	n → ∅ / r_{s,t,w}
	n → ∅ / t_s
	r → ∅ / {ð,f}_{ɡ,ɣ}
	r → ∅ / k_{n,s}
	r → ∅ / m_m
	r → ∅ / t_{k,s}
	t → ∅ / {ɡ,ɣ}_s
	t → ∅ / p_{ɡ,ɣ,n}
	t → ∅ / r_k
	t → ∅ / s_{k,l,n,s}
	{s,z} → ∅ / {r,ʀ}_N
	{v,w} → ∅ / #_V[+ round]
	{l(ː),n}{r,ʀ} → ∅ / V{ː,V}_
	{t,θ,d,ð} → ∅ / n_l
	{t,θ,d,ð} → ∅ / l_n
	h → ∅ / C_t
	hw → ∅ / ! #_
	F[- voice] → ∅ / {s,f,x,h,t}_{p,t,k}
	ɡ → ∅ / #_n
	r → ∅ / {p,t,k}_Vr
	j → ∅ / Ḱ_
	j → ∅ / {c,ɟ}_
	j → ∅ / _eː
	eː j → e ∅ / Cw_
17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	O → ∅ / {F[- same POA],r,l}_O
	S → ∅ / N[+ same POA]_S
	v → ∅ / {u,o,a}ː_
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	n → ∅ / m_
	d → ∅ / n_# (sometimes)
	f → ∅ / _{l,b,v,n,#}
	f → ∅ / Vː_V
	h → ∅ / _{l,n,r}
	ð → ∅ /{a,E}_
	s → ∅ / {t,k,r}_l
	ɣ → ∅
	l → ∅ / V_V
	l → ∅ / _{m,s,k}
	l → ∅ / _# ?
	V[- long] → ∅ / _#
17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	n → ∅ / _m#
	ð → ∅ / _#
	s → ∅ / k_l
	h → ∅ / _{V,w,j} (sporadic)
	h → ∅ / _l
	h → {∅,h,k} / _r
	h → {∅,h,k,s} / _n
	a → ∅ / C[+ dental/alveolar]_u
17.7.4 Common Germanic to Vandalic	h → ∅ / #_
17.7.4 Common Germanic to Vandalic	z → ∅ (seems to have been complete by the Sixth Century)
17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greek	h → ∅
17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greek	n → ∅ / _s
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek	h → ∅
	n → ∅ / _s
	w → ∅
	j → ∅ / Vː_
	h → ∅
	ɔ → ∅ / in the suffixes -ios and -ion
	n → ∅ / _#
17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek	h → ∅
17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek	n → ∅ / _s
17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek	h → ∅
17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek	n → ∅ / _s
17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greek	h → ∅
17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greek	n → ∅ / _s
17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greek	h → ∅
	n → ∅ / _s
	h → ∅ (in those “dialects of the western fringe of Asia Minor and the near-by islands”)
17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greek	h → ∅
	n → ∅ / _s
	h → ∅
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek	h → ∅
	n → ∅ / _s
	w → ∅
	h → ∅ (in Eastern Ionic)
	j → ∅ / Vː_
	h → ∅
17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greek	h → ∅
17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greek	n → ∅ / _s
17.8.10 Proto-Indo-European to Mycenaean Greek	h → ∅
17.9 Proto-Indo-European to Hittite	m → ∅ / _#
	h₃ → ∅ / _o “(according to Kortlandt)”
	— r → ∅ / #_
	— r → ∅ / _# “sometimes??”
17.10 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Indo-Iranian	ə → ∅ / #_
	*H → ∅ / S_
	t → ∅ / _ʃt
	d → ∅ / _ʒdʱ
17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan	k → ∅ / #_t
17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan	p → ∅ / #_st
17.10.1.1 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Central Middle Indo-Aryan	C(C) → ∅ / C_#
	{bʱ,dʱ,ɡʱ} {j,v} → h ∅ / V_V
	v → ∅ / {t,d}_
17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan	C(C) → ∅ / C_#
	{bʱ,dʱ,ɡʱ} {j,v} → h ∅ / V_V
	v → ∅ / {t,d}_
17.10.1.3 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Northwestern Middle Indo-Aryan	C(C) → ∅ / C_#
	{bʱ,dʱ,ɡʱ} {j,v} → h ∅ / V_V
	v → ∅ / {t,d}_
17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-Aryan	C(C) → ∅ / C_#
17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-Aryan	{bʱ,dʱ,ɡʱ} {j,v} → h ∅ / V_V
17.10.1.5.1 Vedic Sanskrit to Classical Sanskrit	H → ∅
17.11 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Slavic	{O,N} → ∅ / _$
17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish	— {ь,ъ} → ∅] / in even syllables counting iambic from U# or a syllable not containing a yer
	ɔvi → ∅
	V → ∅ / unstressed (sporadic)
	i → ∅ / _# “in the infinite and imperative desinences. . .some verbs have never been affected due to a potential ‘difficult’ cluster that would result, instead they got an analogical final -j extension”
	{i,ɨ} → ∅ / _jV when unstressed
	j → ∅ / _ɛ “in participial and deverbal forms originally with alveolopalatal consonants in the onsets of two consecutive syllables”
	v → ∅ / x_o
	p → ∅ / #_p
	{z,s,ʂ} → ∅ / _sC
	x → ∅ / _r “in the word ‘robak’”
	t → ∅ / s_{ɫ,w}
	ɕ → ∅ / tr̝_tɕ
	ɡ → ∅ / _d
	w → ∅ / {r,b}_
	d → ∅ / ɫ_ɲ
	d → ∅ / r_ts
	d → ∅ / _n “in arch. ‘jeno’”
	{b,p} → ∅ / _n “in verbs in -nąć”
	v → ∅ / _stv
	t → ∅ / ʈʂ_v in “czworo”
	s → ∅ / _ɫza in “słza”
	dʲ → ∅ / r_n
	slʲ → ∅ / _s
	w → ∅ / C_#
	w → ∅ / C_C (sporadic)
	ɕ → ∅ / t_ɕtɕ
17.11.2 Proto-Slavic to Old Russian	{t,d} → ∅ / V_lV
	j → ∅ / #_u
	j → ∅ / V_u (sporadic)
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	{i,e} → ∅ / _# (sometimes)
	w → ∅ / s_o
	h → ∅ / b_
	t → ∅ / C_#
	d → ∅ / Vː_#
	d → ∅ / C_
	ɡ → ∅ / _h
	kʷ → ∅ / C_C
	w → ∅ / ɡV_{l,r}
	z → ∅ / _C[+voiced]
	z → ∅ / _{l,r}
	r…r → r…∅
	n → ∅ / V[+nas]_
17.12.1.1.1 Classical Latin vs. Vulgar Latin	m → ∅ / _#
17.12.1.1.1 Classical Latin vs. Vulgar Latin	h → ∅
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan	h → ∅
	n → ∅ / _s
	{m,n,t} → ∅ / _#
	V → ∅ / ”V%C_L(C)V(C)# (irregular)
	V → ∅ / ”V%L_C(C)V(C)# (irregular)
	V → ∅ / ”V%s_t(C)V(C)# (irregular)
	u → w → ∅ / (“when in unstressed penult or between first and tonic syllables; irregular”)
	l → ∅ / {o,u}_CV
	p b t d k ɡ → β {β,w} ∅ {j,w} ɣ {j,∅,ɡ} / V_rV
	p k → ∅ j / V_tV
	k → ∅ / Vn_tV
	ɡn tj → ɲ ∅ / V_V
	V → ∅ / _%”V (rare)
	V → ∅ / ”V%_(C)(C)V(C)# (“irregular; e is kept before n”)
	s → ∅ / V_V%”V
	k ɡ → ∅ {∅,ʒ} / V_{i,e} (ɡ → ʒ is learned)
	ɡ → ∅ / V_V%”V
	— d → z → ∅ / V_V
	iː → ∅ / _#
	{i,e(ː),ae} → ∅ / _(C)#
	{u(ː),o(ː)} → ∅ / _#
	V → ∅ / “between first and tonic syllables; except when C_CC, _n”; “if there are multiple vowels between the initial and tonic syllables, the vowel directly before the tonic is usually dropped” ! V = a
	w → ∅ / u_#
	j ɡj ts z n → tʃ i w s ∅ / _#
	t → ∅ / V_sV
	b → m → ∅ / Vm_V
	ɡ → ∅ / V_dV
	C → ∅ / C₁_C₂ ! C₂ = L
	{a,o} → ∅ / #_ (rare)
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French	— h → ∅
	— n → ∅ / _{f,v,s}
	— {m,n} → ∅ / _# in polysyllables
	— u → ∅ / CC_V
	d → ∅ / _j
	j → ∅ / V_”E
	V → ∅ / in the unstressed penult
	V → ∅ / intertonic ! V = a
	C → ∅ / C₁_C₂ ! C₂ = {r,l}
	v → ∅ / V_B
	ð → ∅ / _r
	{k,ɡ} → ∅ / V_B
	{k,ɡ} → ∅ / B_a
	— ɡ → ∅ / _j
	t → ∅ / {ʃ,s}
	d → ∅ / _{z,ʒ}
	j → ∅ / s_ (sː_?)
	l → ∅ / {i,u}_
	t → ∅ / V_#
	V → ∅ / _# “(except in monosyllables or after another vowel)” ! V = a
	s → ∅ / _C
	{p,b} → ∅ / _{t,d}
	v → ∅ / _C
	v → ∅ / C_
	ð → ∅
	V[-high] → ə → ∅ / _V “(except that a is kept before o)”
	{t,s} → ∅ / _#
	k → ∅ / V[+nas]_#
	{n,m} → ∅ / C_#
	j → ∅ / {ʃ,ʒ}_V[-nas]
17.12.1.1.4 Vulgar Latin to Italian	r → ∅ / a_ju#
	ɡ → ∅ / a_V
	{t,d,k,m,n,s} → ∅ / _#
	r → ∅ / _# (in polysyllables only)
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese	h → ∅
	n → ∅ / _s
	V → ∅ / ”V%L(C)(C)V(C)# (irregular)
	V → ∅ / _L(C)(C)V(C)# (irregular)
	V → ∅ ”V%s_t(C)V(C)# (irregular)
	w → ∅ / _V
	iː → ∅ / {k,s}_#
	e → ∅ / el_#
	N → ∅ / V[+nas]_$C ! C = S
	N → ∅ / V[+nas]_$V
	e V → o ∅ / _? (irregular)
	V → ∅ / _”V (irregular)
	e → ∅ / {l,n,r,s,k}_#
	e → ∅ / ”{i,e}_#
	{e,i} → ∅ / {l,m,r}_ when between #U and U[+stress]
	{e,i} → ∅ / k_t when between #U and U[+stress]
	o → ∅ / _{r,l} when between #U and U[+tonic]
	ɡ → ∅ / #_l
	d → ∅ / V_V
	ɡ → {∅,ʒ} / V_{i,e} (ɡ → ʒ is learned)
	p → ∅ / V_{t,s}V
	k → ∅ / Vn_tV
	j → ∅ / i_ʒV
	C → ∅ / C₁_C₂ ! C₂ = L
	s l → z ∅ / V_V
	a → ∅ / ”ɔ_#
	j → {∅,ʒ} / V_V (j → ʒ is learned)
	m → ∅ / _n
	{e,i} → ∅ / {L,N}_(C)(C)V(C)#
	o → ∅ / _(C)(C)V(C)#
	d → ∅ / V_V (in Portugal)
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal	— E → ∅ / _e
	— B → ∅ / _o
	— V → ∅ (though /a/ seemed to resist this)
	— V → ∅ / _r (seemed to be an intermittent change)
	— V → ∅ (again, /a/ seemed to resist this change, which was itself generally blocked by analogy)
	— V → ∅ / “penult of paroxytones”, though /a/ often remained “as an indistinct e”, probably /ə/
	— V → ∅ / lv_r (dialect-dependent)
	— V → ∅ / R_(C…)
	K → ∅ / _l (not always, but this was a general change)
	h → ∅
	d → ∅ / V_V (seems to have happened in the north and northeast at some point)
	ɡ → ∅ / V_(VC…)”V
	j → ∅ / V_”E
	N → ∅ / _#, in polysyllables
	w → v → ∅ / _u (“restored by analogy in many words”)
	w → v → ∅ / _”o
	w → ∅ / C_B (when from earlier B?)
	k → ∅ / _s{C,#} (the latter in polysyllables only)
	{d,ɡ} → ∅ / _j
	ð → ∅ / _#
	β → {∅,f} / C_(s)# (the latter is rare)
	n → ∅ / V_# (did not occur in extreme western areas, some northern areas, the southeast, and the east)
	n → ∅ / _s# (except for eastern and southeastern dialects)
	n → ∅ / r_(s)#?
	{p,b} → ∅ / R_s# (unless blocked by analogy)
	β → ∅ / when pretonic and immediately adjacent to a back vowel
	ð → z (except in some northern and eastern dialects where → ∅)
	j → ∅ / _”E (else)
	p k tʃ b ɡ β j → b ɡ i {b,u,u→y→i} ∅ {u,u→y→i} i / _r
	ð → ∅ / au_
	w → ∅ / s_ ?
	j → ∅ / n_# (in many dialects)
	nt nd → {∅,n} ∅ / _# (in some Languedoc and Gascon areas)
	t → ∅ / rd_
	t → ∅ / r_m (sometimes)
	k → ∅ / s_b (sporadic?)
	{p,t} → ∅ / s_m (sporadic?)
	p → ∅ / s_t
	b → {∅,u} / _rɡ
	b → ∅ / _s{t,k}
	b → {∅,b} / _t
	b → ∅ / _ts
	tʃ k → {i,s} {∅,k} / _m
	ɡ → ∅ / _m
	k → ∅ / _sk (else)
	p → ∅ / _f
	p → ∅ / _t “except in parts of Languedoc and Gascony”
	{d,l} → ∅ / _#
	t → ∅ / _# ! “in the preterit of verbs”, though it tended to drop “in strong preterits”
17.12.1.1.7 Vulgar Latin to Rhaeto-Romance	a V → e (= /ə/?) ∅ / in final syllables (though Friulian preserves the ending -is)
17.12.1.1.7 Vulgar Latin to Rhaeto-Romance	C[+ voiced] → ∅ / V_V (only for obstruents?)
17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanian	h → ∅
	n → ∅ / _{f,v,s}
	{m,n,s} → ∅ / _# in polysyllables
	u → ∅ / CC_V
	k → ∅ / _s#
	{s,t} → ∅ / _#
	w → ∅ / {k,ɡ}_
	i → ∅ / OL_e
	i → ∅ / {ts,dz,S}_V
	lː → ∅ / _i
	{b,v} → ∅ / V_{V,t}
	p → ∅ / _s
	c → ∅ / n_t
	kj ɡj → tʃ {j,∅} (ɡj → ∅ is rare)
	{n,l} → ∅ / _j
	j → ∅ / r_
	d → ∅ / _z
	u → ∅ / o_e
	u → ∅ / ! {OL,”V}_#
	e → ∅ / P_a
	{t,d} → ∅ / n_#
17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian	{b,v,w} → ∅ / V_V
	h → ∅ / {#,C}_
	m → ∅ / _#
	l → ∅ / rk_ (sporadic)
	w → ∅ / #k_V
	k → ∅ / _t ?
	e → ∅ / u_#
	d → ∅ / V_{i,j}
17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	{t,k} → ∅ / _#
	V → ∅ / C_{r,l} when unstressed and not at a word boundary
	V → ∅ / {r,l}_C when unstressed and not at a word boundary
	V → ∅ / C_s when unstressed and not at a word boundary (sporadic)
	V → ∅ / s_C when unstressed and not at a word boundary (sporadic)
	ʝ → {∅,ʒ} (the latter is rare)
	ʝː → ∅ / E_
	d → {∅,ð} / V_V
	ɡ → {∅,ɣ} / V_V
	V → ∅ / unstressed ! V = a
	e → ∅ / V{d,s,n,l,ɾ}_#
	— t → ∅ / _m
	— d → ∅ / _n (sometimes)
	— Vdz → ∅ / {nts,ndz,rdz_
	t → ∅ / _#
	h → ∅ “(just a reminder: from the f → h change above)”
	h → ∅ / _d
	h → ∅ / _tʰ
	h → ∅ / _$
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian	d → ∅ / _N
	dz → ∅ / B_
	n̩ → ə → ∅ / C_#
	H → ∅ / V_V
17.13.1 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian A	j → ∅ / w_
	ə → ∅ / _%
	V → ∅ / _#
17.13.2 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian B	w → ∅ / _j
	s → ∅ / n_#
	ə → ∅ / _%, when unstressed
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.1.1 Pre-Bakairi to Eastern Bakairi	ʔ → ∅ / _C[+ fricative - voiced]
	18.1.1 Pre-Bakairi to Eastern Bakairi	ɾ → ∅ / V_V, when neither vowel is stressed
	18.1.2 Pre-Bakairi to Western Bakairi	z → ∅ / V_V
		C[+ fricative - voiced] → ∅ / ʔ_
		ʒ → ∅
		ɾ → ∅ / V_V, where at least one of the vowels is nasalized
	18.2.1 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Proto-Jê	ə → ∅ / C_CV (not sure if this happened all the time or not)
	18.3.1 Proto-Tuparí to Makuráp	t → ∅ / else
		k → ∅ / _#
		kʷ → ∅
		β → ∅ / _i
		h → ∅ / V_C
		ʔ → ∅
		ð → {∅,c} / else
		j ŋʷ m n → ɲ m {m,p} {∅,t} / _V[+nas]
		ɨ → ∅ / ! #_{p,β}e
	18.3.2 Proto-Tuparí to Mekens	β → ∅ / i_
		h → ∅ / V_C
		ʔ → ∅
		ɨ → ∅ / else
	18.3.3 Proto-Tuparí to Tuparí	kʷ ɡ → ∅ k
		ɡʷ → ∅ / _o
		β ð → ∅ {s,h} / _i
		n → ∅ / ! #_V[-nas]
	18.3.4 Proto-Tuparí to Wayoró	p t → ∅ l / _V
		b → ∅ / V_V
		h → ∅ / V_C
		ʔ → ∅
	18.4.1 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Akwára	k b r → {ŋ,∅} {w,m} {n,r,t} / _#
		ts → {h,∅}
		u → ∅ / k_w
	18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama	ʔ ts ŋ → ∅ {ts,tʃ} n
		b → ∅ / _#
		w → ∅ / k_w
		a → ∅ / _j#
		ã {ẽ,ı̃} ɨ̃ → a i ∅
	18.4.3 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guajajara	ts → {h,∅}
		b → ∅ / u_#
		u → ∅ / k_w
	18.4.4 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guaraní	k → ∅
		ts → {tʃ,∅}
		{b,r} → ∅ / _#
		u → ∅ / k_w
	18.4.5 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guarayo	{b,k} r → ∅ {r,∅} / _#
	18.4.5 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guarayo	ʔ ts → {ʔ,∅} {ts,tʃ}
	18.4.6 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Kamayurá	ts → {h,j,∅}
	18.4.7 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Parintintín	k → {ŋ,∅} / _#
		ts → {h,∅}
		b r → {b,∅} {r,t} / _#
		u → ∅ / k_w
	18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó	p → {h,∅} / _{u,o}
		p → {k,∅} / _w
		k → ∅ / _#
		ʔ ts → ∅ {s,ʃ}
		u → ∅ / k_w
		{b,r} → ∅ / _#
		a → {∅,o,e} / _j#
	18.4.9.1.1 Proto-Monde to Gavião	h → ∅ / V_ (sporadic, likely an areal feature)
	18.4.9.1.2 Proto-Monde to Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró	h → ∅ / V_
	18.4.9.1.4 Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró to Suruí	h → ∅ / V_
	18.4.9.1.5 Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró to Zoró	h → ∅ / V_
	18.4.10 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Urubu	p k → k ∅ / _w
		k → {k,∅} / _#
		j b → {j,i} ∅ / _#
u → ∅ / k_w
ɨ̃ ẽ õ → ∅ {ẽ,e} {o,õ,u,ũ}
19 Kartvelian	19.3 Proto-Kartvelian to Zan	ɬ ʃ ʂ → ∅ {sk,ʃk} ʃ
20 Khoisan	20.1.3 Proto-Khoe to Buga	! !ˀ !̬ !̃ → k ∅ ɡ ŋɡ
	20.1.4 Proto-Khoe to Kxoe	! !ˀ ! !̃ → k ∅ ɡ ŋɡ
	20.1.5 Proto-Khoe to Nama	ts dz kxʼ → {ts,s} d ∅
	20.1.8 Proto-Khoe to Teti	! !ˀ !̬ !̃(n) !x → k ∅ ɡ ŋ x
	20.1.8 Proto-Khoe to Teti	ǁˀ ǁxʼ → {ǁˀ,∅} ǁˀ
	20.1.9 Proto-Khoe to TsÊixa	! !ˀ !̬ !̃(n) !x → k ∅ ɡ ŋɡ x
	20.2.1 Proto-Kx’a to ÇHoan	a → ∅ / _e (sporadic)
		o → ∅ / u_
		u → ∅ / o_
		o → ∅ / a(C)_
		Vn ŋ → V[+nas] ∅ / _#
	20.2.2 Proto-Kx’a to Northwestern !Xun	a → ∅ / #_m
		i → ∅ / V_
		a → ∅ / _e (sporadic)
		u → ∅ / _o
		o → ∅ / _u
		a → ∅ / _(C)o
		n → ∅ / _#
	20.2.3 Proto-Kx’a to Southeastern !Xun	a → ∅ / #_m
		i → ∅ / V_
		u → ∅ / _o
		o → ∅ / _u
		a → ∅ / _(C)o
		n → ∅ / _#
		ʔ → ∅ / _nQ
21 Lakes Plain	21.1 Proto-Lakes Plain to Proto-Far West	ɾ → ∅
		ku →∅ / #_
		CV → ∅ / _# (possibly only when CV_#, possibly sporadic)
	21.1.1 Proto-Far West to Awera	b d ɡ → β~w ɾ~∅ ɣ / V_V
	21.2.1 Proto-Tariku to Proto-Central Tariku	p k → ɸ ∅~k
	21.2.1.1 Proto-Central Tariku to Edopi	C → ∅ / _#
	21.2.1.1 Proto-Central Tariku to Edopi	b k → m~b ∅ / #_
	21.2.1.2 Proto-Central Tariku to Iau	CV → ∅ / _#
		b k → m~b ∅ / #_
		ɾ → ∅ / V_V
	21.2.2 Proto-Tariku to Proto-East Tariku	ɾ → ɾ~∅ / V_V
	21.2.2.1 Proto-East Tariku to Biritai	C → ∅ / _#
		V → ∅ / di_
		k → ∅ / _V̂
	21.2.2.2 Proto-East Tariku to Doutai	C → ∅ / _#
	21.2.2.2 Proto-East Tariku to Doutai	ɾ → ∅ / ! _C
	21.2.2.3 Proto-East Tariku to Eritai	b C → ∅ d / _#
	21.2.2.4 Proto-East Tariku to Kai	C → ∅ / _#
	21.2.2.4 Proto-East Tariku to Kai	V → ∅ / di_
	21.2.2.5 Proto-East Tariku to Obokuitai	V → ∅ / di_
	21.2.2.6 Proto-East Tariku to Sikaritai	b C → b~∅ {d,ɡ} / _#
	21.2.2.7 Proto-East Tariku to Waritai	V → ∅ / di_
		C → ∅ / _#
		ɾ → ∅ / ! C_
		k → ∅ / _V̂
	21.2.3 Proto-Tariku to Proto-West Tariku	ɾ → ɾ~∅ / V_V
	21.2.3 Proto-Tariku to Proto-West Tariku	k → k~∅
	21.2.3.1 Proto-West Tariku to Deirate	b d k → b~β ɾ~l~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.2 Proto-West Tariku to Faia	b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.3 Proto-West Tariku to Fayu	b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.4 Proto-West Tariku to Kirikiri	b d k → b~β ɾ~l~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.5 Proto-West Tariku to Sehudate	b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.6 Proto-West Tariku to Tause	b d k → b~β ɾ~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
	21.2.3.7 Proto-West Tariku to Weirate	b d k → b~β ɾ~l~∅ k~x~ɡ~ɣ / V_V
22 Macro-Arawakan	22.2 Proto-Arawá to Banawá-Jamamadi	ʔ → ∅
	22.4 Proto-Arawá to Jarawara	ʔ → ∅
	22.5 Proto-Arawá to Kulína-Dení	ʔ → ∅ / #_
	22.6 Proto-Arawá to Sorowahá	ʔ → ∅ / #_, possibly everywhere?
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1 Proto-Lenmichian to Proto-Chibchan	w → ∅
	23.1.1.1.1 Proto-Chibchan to Arhuaco	ts h → s ∅
		j → ∅ / i_V
		j → {j,∅}
		i → ∅ / a_
		i → ∅ / C”V(C)_
		i → ∅ / _(C)”V
	23.1.1.1.2 Proto-Chibchan to Chibcha	V → ∅ / s_j (sometimes)
		w → {w,∅}
		j → ∅
		n → {n,∅}
		a → ∅ / _i, when unstressed
		a → ∅ / _u
		u → ∅ / _a
		a {e,i} → i ∅ / C”V(C)_
		i → ∅ / _(C)”V
		a → ∅ / _”V
	23.1.1.1.3 Proto-Chibchan to Kogi	s → ∅ / #_
		s h → {s,tʃ} {h,∅}
		n j → {n,∅} {j,∅}
		i → ∅ / a_ (sometimes)
	23.1.1.1.4 Proto-Chibchan to Marocacero	a → ∅ / _i
		i → ∅ / C”V(C)_
		i → ∅ / _(C)”V
	23.1.1.1.5 Proto-Chibchan to Motilón	ɡ → ∅
		h → ∅
		d → ∅ / V_s
		i → ∅ / a_ (usually; sometimes the diphthong is retained or → aj)
		u → ∅ / a_
		u → ∅ / _a
		{u,i} → ∅ / C”V(C)_
		i → ∅ / _(C)”V
		e → ∅ / u_C
	23.1.1.1.6 Proto-Chibchan to Tunebo	ɡ ɡʷ → ∅ b
		m n h j → b {n,r,∅} {h,∅} {j,∅}
		a → ∅ / _u
		{a,i} → ∅ / C”V(C)_
		i → ∅ / _(C)”V
		e → ∅ / u_C
	23.1.2 Proto-Lenmichian to Proto-Lencan	{ʔ,h} → ∅
	23.1.3 Proto-Lenmichian to Proto-Misumalpan	{ʔ,h} → ∅
24 Macro-Pama-Nyungan	24.1.1 Proto-Paman to AritinÅitiÉ£	C → ∅ / #_
	24.1.2 Proto-Paman to AwÅtim	C → ∅ / #_
	24.1.3 Proto-Paman to LinÅitiÉ£	N → ∅ / #NV_SV
		C → ∅ / #_
		Vː V[-long] → V[-long] ∅ / in #U
	24.1.4 Proto-Paman to Mbiywom	C → ∅ / #_
	24.1.5 Proto-Paman to Mpalican	C → ∅ / #_
	24.1.7 Proto-Paman to Yinwum	C → ∅ / #_
25 Macro-Panoan	25.1.2 Proto-Tacanan to Chama	ɗ → {ʔ,∅} / ! #_
	25.1.2 Proto-Tacanan to Chama	{r,*ŕ} → {∅,w,j}
	25.1.3 Proto-Tacanan to Reyesano	*ŕ → ∅
	25.1.4 Proto-Tacanan to Tacana	x → {h,∅}
	25.1.4 Proto-Tacanan to Tacana	*ŕ → ∅
28 Muskogean	28 Muskogean	k → ∅ / V_C ! penult
	28.1 Proto-Muskogean to Proto-Eastern Muskogean	VC[+ weak] → ∅ / _V#
	28.1.1 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Alabama	kV → ∅ / V_#
	28.1.1 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Alabama	k → ∅
	28.1.2 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Creek	V₁k → ∅ / _#
	28.1.3 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Hitchiti	V → ∅ / Vk_#
	28.1.4 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Korasati	k → ∅
	28.1.5 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Mikasuri	V → ∅ / Vk_#
	28.2 Proto-Muskogean to Proto-Western Muskogean	V → ∅ / V{k,ʔ,h}_#
	28.2 Proto-Muskogean to Proto-Western Muskogean	i → ∅ / #(C)V(C)(C)V(C)(C)_# (sporadic in the case of other vowels)
	28.2.1 Proto-Western Muskogean to Chickasaw	h → ∅ / _#
	28.2.2 Proto-Western Muskogean to Choctaw	ʔ → ∅/ _#
29 Na-Dene	29.1 Proto-Na-Dene to Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak	{s,ʃ} → ∅ / _x
	29.1.1.1.12 Proto-Athabaskan to Holikachuk	ə → ∅ / {R,F}_#
	29.1.1.1.13 Proto-Athabaskan to Hupa	h → {h,∅}
	29.1.1.1.14 Proto-Athabaskan to Lower Koyukon	ə → ∅ / {R,F}_#
	29.1.1.1.21 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Kiowa Apache	d → ∅ / _#
		{xʲ,j}ʔ {x,ɣ}ʔ → ∅ h(ʔ) / _#
		x ɣ → h ∅ / _#
	29.1.1.1.22 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Jicarilla	xʲ xʔ j ɣʔ → h ʔ ∅ ʔ / E_#
	29.1.1.1.23 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Lipan	d → ∅ / _#
		xʲ j → ʃ ∅ / _#
		{xʲ,j}ʔ → ∅ / _#
		{x,ɣ} → ∅ / _(ʔ)#
	29.1.1.1.25 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Chiricahua	d → ∅ / _#
		xʲ j → ʃ ∅ / _#
		{xʲ,j}ʔ → ∅ / _#
		{x,ɣ} → ∅ / _(ʔ)#
	29.1.1.1.26 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Mescalero	d → ∅
		xʲ j → ʃ ∅ / _#
		{xʲ,j}ʔ → ∅ / _#
		{x,ɣ} → ∅ / _(ʔ)#
		ʔ → ∅ / {s,ʃ,ɬ}_#
	29.1.1.1.28 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to San Carlos	x(ʲ) {j,ɣ} → h ∅ / _#
	29.1.1.1.39 Proto-Athabaskan to Upper Tanana	{A,F} → ∅ / _$; diphthongs sometimes lengthen in comparison
	29.1.1.1.40 Proto-Athabaskan to Tsetsaut	C → ∅ / _$ in many cases
	29.1.2 Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak to Eyak	s → ∅ / _x
	29.1.2 Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak to Eyak	x → ∅ / ʃ_
	29.2 Proto-Na-Dene to Tlingit	x → ∅ / {s,ʃ}_
30 Niger-Congo	30.1.1.1 Proto-Bantu to Sebirwa	p t d c ɟ k ɡ → ɸ ɹ {d,l} tʰ ∅ h {∅,ɡ}
	30.1.1.2 Proto-Bantu to Tswana	p t tʃ k {dʒ,ɡ} ɲ → h r tɬʰ χ ∅ n
	30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba	’p ’t ’d/d₂ c {’ɟ} ’k ɡ → f l ɟ s ∅ {w,∅} {k,w} / in C₁ position
	30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba	p t ’t {’d,d₂} c k ’k → b d l {l,∅} ɟ ɡ ∅ / in C₂ position
	30.2.1.1 Proto-Akanic to Akan	V → ∅ / #(C)VC[-coronal]_
		i → ∅ / #C_a
		ı̃ → ∅ / #_ã
	30.3.1.1.6 Proto-Phla-Pherá to Alada	j → ∅ / {ʃ,ʒ}_
	30.3.1.1.11 Proto-Vhe to Kpándo	j → ∅ / {ts,dz}_
31 Nyulnyulan	31.1 Proto-Nyulnyulan to Bardi	{w,j} → ∅ / #_
		{w,j} → ∅ / V₀_V₀
		i{w,j} → ∅ / _a, when unstressed
		j → ∅ / i_
		ɲ → ∅ / _#
		ib → ∅ / _i, when unstressed
		V₀ → ∅ / V(C)(C)V₀(C)(C)_# (with some exceptions)
32 Oto-Manguean	32.1.1 Proto-Chatino to Papabuco Chatino	ʔ → ∅ (?)
32 Oto-Manguean	32.2 Proto-Oto-Manguean to Tlapanec	ʔ → ∅ / #_
33 Penutian	33.2.3 Proto-Wintuan to South Patwin	χ → ∅ (?)
34 Quechumaran	34.1 Proto-Quechumaran to Ayachuco	h → ∅ / {p,t,k,q}_
	34.2 Proto-Quechumaran to Bolivia	ʂ → ∅ / _u
		j → ∅ / i_{a,u}
		j → ∅ / u_ʎ
	34.3 Proto-Quechumaran to Cuzco	h → ∅ / nq_
	34.3 Proto-Quechumaran to Cuzco	h → ∅ / #q_{i,u}
	34.4 Proto-Quechumaran to Huarás	h → ∅ / p_
	34.5 Proto-Quechumaran to Putamayo	h → ∅ / ts_
	34.5 Proto-Quechumaran to Putamayo	h → ∅ / #_
	34.6 Proto-Quechumaran to Quito	h → ∅ / ts_
	34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba	h → ∅ / ts_
	34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiago	h → ∅ / {p,t,k}_
		ʂ → ∅ / _{a,i}
		h → ∅ / #_
		w → ∅ / V_V
		j → ∅ / i_{a,u}
		j → ∅ / u_ʎ
	34.9 Proto-Quechumaran to Tena	h → ∅ / ts_
		h → ∅ / #_
		w → ∅ / #_i
35 Salishan	35.1.1 Proto-Central Salish to Comox	s → ∅ / #_C
		s → ∅ / #_{wa,wi}
		ʔ → ∅ V³_RV
		ʔ → ∅ V³R_V
	35.1.2 Proto-Central Salish to Chilliwack Halkomelem	ʔn → ∅ / m_
		ʔ → ∅ / V¹_#
		ʔ → ∅ / VR_V³
		ʔ → ∅ / V¹_#
	35.1.4 Proto-Central Salish to Musqueam Halkomelem	ʔn → ∅ / m_
	35.1.7 Proto-Central Salish to Nooksack	n → ∅ / mʔ_
		ʔ → ∅ / VR_V³
		ʔ → ∅ / V³R_{C,#}
		ʔ → ∅ / V¹R_#
		ʔ → ∅ / V¹_#
	35.1.8 Proto-Central Salish to Lummi Northern Straits	mʔ → ∅ / _n
		ʔ → ∅ / V³l_nV
		ʔ → {∅,ʔ} / V³R_{C,#}
	35.1.12 Proto-Central Salish to Pentlatch	ʔ → ∅ / V³_O
		ʔ → ∅ / V³R_{V,#}
		{i¹~ə¹} → {i¹,∅}
	35.1.13 Proto-Central Salish to Sechelt	ʔ → ∅ / m_n
		ʔ → ∅ / V_V³
		ʔ → ∅ / V¹_#
		{i¹~ə¹} → {i¹,∅}
	35.1.14 Proto-Central Salish to Sqamish	n → ∅ / mʔ_
	35.1.14 Proto-Central Salish to Sqamish	{i¹~ə¹} → {i¹,∅}
	35.1.15 Proto-Central Salish to Twana	ʔ → ∅ / V¹R_#
	35.1.15 Proto-Central Salish to Twana	ʔ → ∅ / V³R_C
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1 Proto-Sino-Tibetan to Middle Chinese	r → ∅ / C_-
		l → ∅ / s_-
		w → r → ∅ / P_-
	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	xɦ → ∅ / _j(w){?,ia,a(ta)}
		? → ∅
		ɦ → ∅ / else
		i → ∅ / C(w)_a
		ŋ → ∅ / #_ ! #_o(w)
		{p,t} → ∅ / V_
		w → ∅ / C̣Cʲ_?w (“optional”)
		w → ∅ / w?_
	36.1.1.1 Old Mandarin to Modern Pekingese	ŋ → ∅ / #_
		ʔ → ∅
		j → ∅ / jî_
		v → ∅
		j → ∅ / C̣_
		j → ∅ / C_weŋ
	36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà	ŋ → ∅ / _{i,j,w,y}
		ŋ → ∅ / _u / _V
		ʔ → ∅ / _{j,i,y}
		ʔ → ∅ / _u (not always? Perhaps some variation with [ɣ] here?)
	36.3.1.2 Proto-Naish to Mosuo (Na)	S{b,ɡ} Sk → ∅ h
	36.3.1.3 Proto-Naish to Naxi	N → ∅ / _pV
	36.3.1.3 Proto-Naish to Naxi	{r,s} → ∅ / %_V
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	n → ∅ / a_
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	ŋ → ∅ / i_
	36.3.2.1.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Chos Kia	r → ∅ / _t
		N → ∅ / _ɡ
		w → ∅ / ŋ_
		j → ∅ / n_
		s → ∅ / u_
		{k,j} → ∅ / i_
	36.3.2.1.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Hanniu	k → ∅ / {u,a}_
	36.3.2.1.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Hanniu	t → ∅ / i_
	36.3.2.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Kham To	j → ∅ / {ʃ,r}n_
	36.3.2.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Kham To	{ŋ,j} → ∅ / i_
	36.3.2.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to lCog Rtse	l → ∅ / #ç_
	36.3.2.2.3 Proto-rGyalrongic to Pati	n → ∅ / a_
	36.3.2.2.4 Proto-rGyalrongic to Suo Mo	ɡ → ∅ / #_r
	36.3.2.2.6 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tsa Ku Nao	j → ∅ / i_
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	ɡ → ∅ / _r
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	s → ∅ / u_
	36.3.2.2.8 Proto-rGyalrongic to Wassu	ɡ ç → ∅ zɡ / _r
	36.3.2.2.8 Proto-rGyalrongic to Wassu	t → ∅ / a_
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Iroquoian	w → ∅ / _{o,õ,ı̃}
		k → ∅ / t_
		p → ∅ / C_ ! s_
		x → ∅ / _k
		ʔ → ∅ / C_
	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	w → ∅ / h_i
		w → ∅ / t(h)_
		V → ∅ / C_hC
		{n,r} → ∅ / _j
		t → ∅ / _{k,n}
		t → ∅ / n_
		j → ∅ / ts_
		s → ∅ / #h_V
	37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian	h → ∅ / #_s
		n → ∅ / _ti
		t → ∅ / n_V
	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	h → ∅ / _nh
		ʔ → ∅ / _nk(ʷ)
		j → ∅ / ts_
		h → ∅ / s_w
		r → ∅ / VH_
		r → ∅ / _H
		r → ∅ / w_
		r → ∅ / V_V
		R → ∅ / ʔ_#
		C → ∅ / {s,k}_#
		Ch → ∅ / _s#
		h → ∅ / Vː_#
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	n → ∅ / t(h)_
		n → ∅ / _s
		n → ∅ / _i “(in pronominal prefixes only)”
		k → ∅ / _n
		t → ∅ / _k(ʷ)
		j → ∅ / ts_
		j → ∅ / #_V
		j → ∅ / V_{V,#}
		{r,w} → ∅ / _j
		w → ∅ / #_
		w → ∅ / _{r,#}
		h → ∅ / #_w
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	{ʔ,h} → ∅ / _nh
		h → ∅ / {t,ts,s,k}_
		x → ∅ / _{i,j}
		x → ∅
		k → ∅ / _#
	37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga	n → ∅ / _s
		n → ∅ / h_r
		h → ∅ / w_j
		r → ∅
		h → ∅ / _sn
		h → ∅ / _{k,t,ts,s}#
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	n → ∅ / _s
		ʔ → ∅ / ”Vː[+falling tone]_C
		h → ∅ / ”Vː[+falling tone]_R
		h → ∅ / _#
		h → ∅ / #_w
	37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk	V₀ → ∅ / ”VC(C)(C)V₀ʔ_C(C)(C)#
		w → ∅ / _jh
		h → ∅ / w_j
		— j → ∅ / ts_
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	ʔ → ∅ / ”Vː_
		h → ∅ / _Ch
		h → ∅ / k_{s,ts}
		h → ∅ / _{sk,st}
h → ∅ / {st,tst}_
h → ∅ / ts_r ! “in pre-pausal forms, see also below”
{h,ʔ} → ∅ / _R “in post-tonic syllables”
— jV → ∅ / Ci_(H)#
37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	n → ∅ / _s
	j → ∅ / _ts
	h → ∅ / _{tk,nh,sC,C#}
	h → ∅ / #_w
	h → ∅ / w_j
	hw → ∅ / õ_
	w → ∅ / _{r,j}
	r → ∅ / Vh_
	h → ∅ / V_V
	r → ∅
	ʔ → ∅ / _nk(ʷ)
	R → ∅ / _h
	C → ∅ / s_#
	C[-glottal] → ∅ / _s#
	k → ∅ / _hts
	t → ∅ / k_#
37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora	j → ∅ / tʃ_
	ˀt → ∅ / _t
	h → ∅ / _nh
	h → ∅ / #_w
	h → ∅ / k_{s,ts,tʃ}
	h → ∅ / Vː_#
	w → ∅ / _jh
37.1.2.6.1 Tuscarora to Western Tuscarora	w → ∅ / _j
37.1.2.6.2 Tuscarora to Eastern Tuscarora	r → ∅ / st_
37.2 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Siouan	{t,h} → ∅ / s_
	h → ∅ / V_C
	s → ∅ / h_
	ʔ → ∅ / V_
37.2.1 Proto-Siouan to Catawba	t → ∅ / _k, when medial
37.2.2 Proto-Siouan to Dakota	t → ∅ / _k, when medial
37.2.2 Proto-Siouan to Dakota	k → ∅ / _x”V
37.2.3 Proto-Siouan to Mandan	t → ∅ / _s
	r → ∅ / k_
	t → ∅ / _k, when medial
37.2.4 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago	w → ∅ / _t
37.2.4 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago	m → ∅ / _n ! _n#
37.2.4.1 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Čiwere	k → ∅ / #t_
	x → ∅ / _k
	x → ∅ / k_”V
37.2.4.2 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Winnebago	V → ∅ / _#
37.2.4.2 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Winnebago	t → ∅ / _k, when medial
37.2.5 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Crow-Hidatsa	t → ∅ / _k, when medial
37.2.5.1 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Crow	ʔ → ∅ / _C
37.2.5.1 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Crow	x → ∅ / k_”V
37.2.5.2 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Hidatsa	ʔ → ∅ / C_
37.2.5.2 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Hidatsa	r → ∅ / {C,V}k_{C,V}
37.2.6 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Dhegiha	w → ∅ / _t
37.2.6 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Dhegiha	k → ∅ #t_ (in morphemes)
37.2.6.2 Proto-Dhegiha to Omaha-Ponca	k → ∅ / _ʔ
37.2.6.3 Proto-Dhegiha to Osage	ʔ → ∅ / p_
37.2.6.3 Proto-Dhegiha to Osage	m → ∅ / #_n
37.2.6.4 Proto-Dhegiha to Quapaw	m → ∅ / #_n (in morphemes) (*)
37.2.7 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Ohio-Valley	m → ∅ / {C,V}_n{C,V}
37.2.7 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Ohio-Valley	{w,m} → ∅ / _t
37.2.7.1 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Biloxi	w → ∅ / #_ (sporadic)
	ʔ → ∅ / C_
	m → ∅ / #_n
	k → ∅ / #t_
	k → ∅ / ”Vs_
	k → ∅ / _x”V
37.2.7.2 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Ofo	w → ∅ / #_ (sporadic)
	ʔ → ∅ / C_
	m → ∅ / #_n
	k → ∅ / #t_
37.2.7.3 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Tutelo	ʔ → ∅ / C_
38 Tai-Kadai	38.1.1.1 Proto-Tai to Ahom	w → ∅ / m_
		{l,r} → ∅ / {d,ɗ}_
		tʰ → ∅ / _r
		x → ∅ / _r
	38.1.1.2 Proto-Tai to Saek	w → ∅ / m_
		{l,r} → ∅ / {n,ɗ}_
		l → ∅ / tʰ_
	38.1.1.3 Proto-Tai to Central Tai	{l,r} → ∅ / n,ɗ_
		l → ∅ / p_{ɯ,e,i}
		l → ∅ / t_
		d → ∅ / _{l,r}
		{l,r} → ∅ / ŋ_
	38.1.1.3.1 Central Tai to Lungchow	ɨ → ∅ / _u
	38.1.1.3.3 Central Tai to Tay	ɡ → ∅ / _l
	38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai	l → ∅ / p(ʰ),b_E
		{l,r} → ∅ / ɗ_
		n → ∅ / _r
	38.1.1.4.2 North Tai to Po-Ai	ɨ → ∅ / _u
	38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai	w → ∅ / m_
		l → ∅ / {p,k(ʰ),ŋ}_
		{l,r} → ∅ / t,ɗ_
		d → ∅ / _{l,r}
	38.1.1.5.2 Southwest Tai to Lü	ʔ → ∅ / _j
39 Tanoan	39.1 Proto-Tanoan to Jimez	h → ∅
39 Tanoan	39.2 Proto-Tanoan to Kiowa	ʔ → ∅
40 Totozoquean	40.2 Proto-Totozoquean to Proto-Totonacan	ʔ → ∅
40 Totozoquean	40.2 Proto-Totozoquean to Proto-Totonacan	h → ∅ / ! #_
41 Trans-New Guinea	41.1 Proto-Trans New Guinea to ApalÉ¨	{p,t} → ∅ / _#
	41.2 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Asmat	k s → ∅ {t,s} / #_
	41.3 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Binandere	ŋ ᵑɡ → ∅ ɡ / #_
	41.5.1.3 Proto-Gorokan to South Fore	C → ∅ / VN_V
	41.5.1.5 Proto-Gorokan to Gimi	ʔ → ∅ / _#
	41.5.1.8 Proto-Gorokan to Move	V[+ low tone] → ∅ / C_hV[+ high tone]
	41.5.1.8 Proto-Gorokan to Move	V[+ low tone] → ∅ / C_CV[+ high tone] if both vowels are the same
	41.5.1.9 Proto-Gorokan to Siane	C → ∅ / _#
	41.5.2.1 Proto-Kainantu to Auyana	N → ∅ / _#
	41.5.2.1 Proto-Kainantu to Auyana	r → ∅ / _S[- voice]
	41.5.2.2 Proto-Kainantu to Awa	N → ∅ / _{p,t,#}
	41.5.2.2 Proto-Kainantu to Awa	ʔ → ∅ / _{p,t}
	41.5.2.3 Proto-Kainantu to Gadsup	N → ∅ / _N
	41.5.2.3 Proto-Kainantu to Gadsup	{D,Y} → ∅ / _n
	41.6 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kalam	t → {t,∅} / _#
	41.8 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kiwai	t k ᵐb → {s,t} {ɡ,∅} {b,p} / #_
42 Uralic	42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic	i → ∅ / æw_
		i → ∅ / Aj_#
		i → ∅ / {o,u}j_
		j → ∅ / C_i{C,#}
		n → ∅ / _tː
		w → ∅ / o_st (*)
		n → ∅ / _{s,ts}
	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	i → ∅ / {VC,ks}_ at the ends of a suffix
		e → ∅ / C[+coronal]_%
		ʋ → ∅ / #_{o,u,y}
		j → ∅ / _i (*)
		{p,t,k} → ∅ / _st
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	t → ∅ / s_r
		ʋ → ∅ / _UC
		ð → ∅ / ! ”V(X)_
		ɣ → ∅ / else
		h → ∅ / V[-stress](X)_V
	42.1.1.1.2 Standard Finnish to Modern Standard Finnish	n → ∅ / _#
	42.1.1.1.2 Standard Finnish to Modern Standard Finnish	d → ∅ / _r “in inherited vocabulary”
	42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian	h → ∅ / {#,C}_
		ə → ∅ / _#
		ə → ∅ / VC_CV
		ʋ → ∅ / {d,z}_
		ʋ → ∅ / C_
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.1 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Comanche	p t ts s → v r ∅ h
		s → ∅ / V_n_
		{w,j} → ∅ / medial
	43.2 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Hopi	l h → n ∅ / medially
	43.3 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Luiseño	ʔ → ∅ / #_
	43.3 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Luiseño	V → ∅ / “in some final syllables (conditions are unknown and it varies by dialect)”
	43.4 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Nahuatl	p → ∅ / {#,V_s}_
		{ʔ,h} → ∅
		w → ∅ / _o
	43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisu	h → ∅ / V_tsV
		h → ∅ / _{n,s,ʔ}
		k → ∅ / V_wV
	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	V → ∅ / “when in the first syllable of a bisyllabic morpheme, if after a morpheme boundary in the word (all other first-syllable vowels have non-zero reflexes)”
	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	i → ∅ / ts_#
44 Vasconic	44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque	Sʰ → F → h (→ ∅) / #_
		{ɾ,r} → ∅ / #_
		C → ∅ / r_
		ɾ → ∅ / V_V (Souletin)
		b → ∅ / #_B (a few exceptions, mostly before _u)
		F[+ voiced] → ∅ / V_V (sometimes, usually involving “compound surnames”?)
		{w,y} → ∅ / _ja
		e → ∅ / #_ (Navarrese, rare)
		a → ∅ / _V
		V → ∅ / Vj_
		h → ∅ (western dialects)
		h…h → ∅…h (“affect[s] both the oral /h/ and the nasalized aspiration”)
		— V → ∅ / S_{ɾ,l} (more common in Roncalese and Salazarese, but also in Navarrese and Aescoan?)
		— V → ∅ / C[+ sibilant]_ɾ (Roncalese and Salazarese)
		— V → ∅ / {O,ɾ,r}_O (Roncalese, Salazarese, Navarrese, Aescoan)
		e → ∅ / #Ur_
		a → ∅ / V_# (Guipuscoan; happens because of reanalysis of the definite article)
		V → ∅ / _#, in trisyllables
		i → ∅ / _#, in disyllables
		u {o,e} → ∅ a / _#, in disyllables (eastern dialects)
		e → ∅ / #_e
45 Yuman-Cochimı́	45.1.1 Proto-Pai to Chapai	tʃ → ∅ / _xʷ
		ʔ → ∅ / _{ɲ,j}
		{w,j} → ∅ / a_
	45.1.2 Proto-Pai to Paipai	n → ∅ / _t
	45.1.2 Proto-Pai to Paipai	ʔ → ∅ / _ɲ
	45.1.3 Proto-Pai to Tipai	t → ∅ / n_
	45.1.3 Proto-Pai to Tipai	tʃ → ∅ / _xʷ
46 Vowel Shifts	46.11 Middle Chinese to Cantonese Vowel Shift (“The Inner-Outer Flip”)	ə → ∅ / i_{ŋ,k}
		a → ə → ∅ / i_u
		ə → ∅ / W_
		W → ∅ / C_
	46.14 Pre-Slavic Vowel Changes	i → ı̆ [ə?] → {e,a} (strong)/∅ (weak) “in modern languages”
	46.14 Pre-Slavic Vowel Changes	u → ŭ [ɤ?] → {e,o,ɤ,a} (strong)/∅ (weak) “in modern languages”
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes	47.2 List 2: Conditional or complex consonant changes	{t,k} → ∅ / V_V (Marathi) probably with voiced stops as intermediates, since they also became silent

with context involving /∅/

3 matches

36 Sino-Tibetan	36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà	uj → uɛi / {P,C[+guttural],∅}_
		juŋ → iuŋ / _{∅,x,ʋ,ʔ}
		yʔ → ioʔ (→ iʊʔ dialectally?) / {∅,C[+guttural]}_, in -k-types