Index Diachronica: involving /Vː/

71 results from /Vː/   128 results to /Vː/   28 results with context involving /Vː/   

V3ː plain Vː[+fallinɡ tone] Vː[+hiɡh risinɡ tone] Vː[+low fallinɡ tone] Vː[-fallinɡ tone] V̂ː Ṽː V̊ː[+fallinɡ tone] V03ː V0ː V0ː[-accent] V1ː V2ː

from /Vː/

71 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic6.1.1 Proto-Omotic to North OmoticVː → V / #K[-voice]_C
Vː → V / #C_C$ + $(V)C$ suffix
6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian ArabicVː → V / C_C{ː,C}V
6.2.2.1.17 Classical Arabic to Tunisian ArabicVː → V[-long] / _# (except as below)
V(ː) → Vː / in accented or stressed monosyllables
6.2.2.1.19 Biblical Hebrew to Modern Israeli HebrewVː → V[-long]
7 Algonquian7.3 Proto-Algonquian to Proto-Arapaho-AtsinaVː → V[-long] / _CC
7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee DelawareVː → V[-long] / _hC
7.12 Proto-Algonquian to MenomineeVː → V[-long] / CC(G)_C{V,#} “[i.e., when following a cluster but not followed by a cluster. Only applies ‘after the first long vowel of a nonglottal word, and everywhere in a glottal word’]”
Vː → V[-long] / _C{V,#} in even syllables; “does not apply in the second syllable of a non-glottal word”
7.17 Proto-Algonquian to ShawneeVː → V[-long] / _#
Vː → V[-long] / _{ʔC,ʃp,ʃk,hV}
10 Austronesian10.6 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-PaiwanVː → V[- long]
17 Indo-European17.2.3 Common Anatolian to LycianVː → V[-long]
17.2.4 Common Anatolian to LydianVː → V[-long]
17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic— Vː → V[-long] / _RC
17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old IrishVː → V / _N#; “[i]t is thought that the long vowel probably needed to be unstressed- again, this is uncertain”
Vː → V[-long] / _H (includes diphthongs)
— Vː → V[-long]
17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle WelshVː → V / _#
17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle EnglishVː → V[-long] / _C{ː,C} ! _st{#,V} or when preceding a cluster which had triggered a vowel to become long in Old English; the book gives “Christ” vs. “Christmas” as an example
Vː → V[-long] / in #U before a U with /iː/
17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle EnglishVː → V[-long] / _C{ː,C} ! _st{#,V} or when preceding a cluster which had triggered a vowel to become long in Old English; the book gives “Christ” vs. “Christmas” as an example
Vː → V[-long] / in #U before a U with /iː/
17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle EnglishVː → V[-long] / _C{ː,C} ! _st{#,V} or when preceding a cluster which had triggered a vowel to become long in Old English; the book gives “Christ” vs. “Christmas” as an example
Vː → V[-long] / in #U before a U with /iː/
17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle EnglishVː → V[-long] / _C{ː,C} ! _st{#,V} or when preceding a cluster which had triggered a vowel to become long in Old English; the book gives “Christ” vs. “Christmas” as an example
Vː → V[-long] / in #U before a U with /iː/
17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard GermanVː → V[- long] / _CC (some exceptions; the change was more common around _xt and _rC)
Vː → V[- long] / _%Cə{r,l,n}# (some exceptions)
17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-NorseVː → V[- long] / ! #U, U#
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old NorseVː → V[- long] / ! in #U
au {ai,ey,ei} æ{y,i} øy Vː → o e æ ø V / #(C)(C)(C)_CC
{æ,e}i ai au w{ɪ,i} wy wV iu Vː → eː aː oː weː woː wVː eː oː V
(Vː)θt → (V)tː
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic GreekVː → V[-long]
17.10.1.1 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Central Middle Indo-AryanVː → V[-long] / _#
17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-AryanVː → V[-long] / _#
17.10.1.3 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Northwestern Middle Indo-AryanVː → V[-long] / _#
17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-AryanVː → V[-long] / _#
17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to PolishVː → V in certain frequently-used words
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to LatinVː → V[-long] / _{m,(n)t,l,r}#
Vː → V[-long] / _#
Vː → V / _C(C)# “(irregular: often before -m, -t, -nt, but never before ?s)”
17.12.1.1.9 Latin to SardinianVː → V[- long]
24 Macro-Pama-Nyungan24.1.1 Proto-Paman to AritinŋitiÉ£Vː → V[-long] / in #U
24.1.2 Proto-Paman to AwŋtimVː → ə / in #U
24.1.3 Proto-Paman to LinŋitiÉ£Vː V[-long] → V[-long] ∅ / in #U
24.1.4 Proto-Paman to MbiywomVː → V[-long] / in #U
24.1.5 Proto-Paman to MpalicanVː → V[-long] / in #U
24.1.6 Proto-Paman to UraðiVː → V[-long] / in #U
24.1.7 Proto-Paman to YinwumVː → V[-long] / in #U
27 Mayan27.1 Proto-Mayan to Ch’olanVː → V[-long]
27.2 Proto-Mayan to ChujeanVː → V[-long]
27.5 Proto-Mayan to Kaqchikel-Tz’utujilVː → V[-long]
27.8 Proto-Mayan to Q’anjob’alanVː → V[-long]
37 Siouan-Iroquoian37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern IroquoianVː → V[-long] / ! in U#
37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to CayugaV1”V2 ”V1ːV2 → ”V1V2 ”V1[-long]V2
37.1.2.2.1 Huron to WyandotVː → ”V / in U#; “this change may have been present in Huron already”
37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga”V(ː)(C)(C)Vː → V[-long](C)”(C)CV[-long] / _#
37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-OneidaVː → V / _(C)(C)(C)#
37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida”Vː[-falling tone]CV → Vː”CV
”Vː[+falling tone] → ”V[-long -falling tone]
Vː → V[-long] _”C(C)(C)V (“this change happens only in the Ontario dialect”)
— Vː[+falling tone]C(C)V(H) → V̊ː[+falling tone]C̊(C̊)V̊(H̊) / _#
— CVː[+falling tone] → C̊V̊ː[+falling tone] / _#
37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to SenecaVː → V / V_
42 Uralic42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-FinnishVː → V[-long] / _i
43 Uto-Aztecan43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to KawaiisuuV Vː → uː Vː (not sure if this occurs before or after the previous change)
45 Yuman-Cochimı́45.1.1 Proto-Pai to ChapaiVː → V ?
45.1.3 Proto-Pai to TipaiVː → V (sporadic? conditioned?)

to /Vː/

128 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-OmoticVNC → VːC[+voiced]
6.2.2 Proto-Erythrean to Proto-North ErythreanV{j,w} → Vː / C_C
6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian ArabicV → Vː / C_CV in U[-stress]
V → Vː / _# + suffix
6.2.2.1.17 Classical Arabic to Tunisian ArabicV(ː) → Vː / in accented or stressed monosyllables
7 Algonquian7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho({C,#}V)ʔ → ({C,#}Vː)∅ / _C
7.3.2 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Gros Ventre({C,#}V[-long])ʔ → ({C,#}Vː[+falling tone])∅ / _C
7.12 Proto-Algonquian to MenomineeV → Vː “when V is the second vowel of a word and follows a short-vowel syllable. Does not apply in glottal words”
V → Vː / _CC in even syllables
8 Altaic8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyzæ Vh {ʕ,h} → ɑː Vː ∅ (seems to have largely been confined to loanwords from Persian)
10 Austronesian10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to MadureseV → Vː / ə(C…?)_
10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to KiputV[+stress] → Vː / _C# ! V = ə and/or C = h “(applies to diphthongal nuclei as well a[s] monophthongs)”
10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa”V → Vː (usually)
17 Indo-European17.2.1 Common Anatolian to HittiteV → Vː / in ”U[+open]
17.2.2 Common Anatolian to LuwianV → Vː / in ”U[+open]
V → Vː / in #”U
17.2.5 Common Anatolian to PalaicV → Vː / ”U[+open]
17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old IrishV → Vː / _#, when stressed; “[t]his remained as a phonologically conditioned rule in OIr”
VOR → VːR; “this is a tad unclear, because in some instances it didn’t seem to apply”
17.7.2.1 West Germanic to Anglo-FrisianVN → Ṽː / _F
17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots— V → Vː / _{r,F[+voiced],$,#}
17.7.2.1.10 Old English to ScotsV → Vː / _{r,F[+ voice],V,#}
17.7.2.1.11 Scots to Falkirk ScotsV → Ṽː / _nC “(works across word boundaries)”
17.7.2.2.1 Old Low Franconian to Middle DutchV[-long +stress] → Vː / in open syllables (ʏ → {œː,øː} here but this is not phonemically important; there seem to have been qualitative differences between original long vowels and long vowels resulting from this change—lengthened iː seems to have become eː, but lengthened aː merged with original aː); does not affect original long vowels or vowels in diphthongs
17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard GermanV → Vː / _%, when stressed (except for /ə/?)
V → Vː / _r{t,d,s,ts} (except /ə/)
V → Vː / in some monosyllables ending in alveolar resonants or vowels
V → Vː / by analogy in some cases
17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-NorseVn → Vː / _hV
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old NorseV → Vː / _l{P,w,k,#}
ai wi (w)V → eː weː (w)Vː / _h#
{æ,e}i ai au w{ɪ,i} wy wV iu Vː → eː aː oː weː woː wVː eː oː V
V{θ,ð} → Vː / #(C)(C)(C)_{l,r}
Ṽ → Vː / in #U (maybe only ı̃?)
uN yN iN VN → o øː eː Vː / _{s,f}
17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early IcelandicV → Vː / _(C)#, in monosyllables
V → Vː / ! _CCV, in polysyllables
17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian GreekVns → Vːs
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic GreekVns → Vːs
17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian GreekVns → Vːs
17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan GreekVns → Vːs
17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan GreekVns → Vːs
17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric GreekVns → V(ː)s (Tucker says that “[i]n a few Doric dialects the lengthening did not occur”)
17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian GreekVns → Vːs
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic GreekVns → Vːs
VCw → VːC
17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian GreekVns → Vːs
17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-AryanVH → Vː / _{C,#}
17.10.1.1 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Central Middle Indo-AryanVN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-AryanVN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
17.10.1.3 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Northwestern Middle Indo-AryanVN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-AryanVN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to LatinV → Vː / _zC[+voiced]
V → Vː / _S[+voiced]{S[-voiced],F[-voiced]}; “(i, e, and o sometimes bypass this)”
V → Vː / _z{l,r}
V → Vː / _{t,d}t
V → {Vː,V[+nas]} / _n{f,s}
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to CatalanVV → Vː (“For outcomes of word-final vowels, see down below”)
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French— V0V0 → V0ː
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to PortugueseV0V0 → V0ː
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old ProvençalVN → Vː / _S (except for the prefixes con-, in-); I’m assuming this change happened in Vulgar Latin and then vowel length went to quality
17.12.1.1.8 Latin to RomanianV0V0 → V0ː
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to CocamaV0ʔV0 → V0ː
18.4.9.1.3 Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró to Cinta LargaVh → Vː
V → Vː / _#
28 Muskogean28 MuskogeanV → V̂ː / _Cko, ko lost?
28.1.2 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to CreekV1kV2 → V2ː / #((C)V(C))(C)_#
V0xV0 → V0ː
31 Nyulnyulan31.1 Proto-Nyulnyulan to BardiV → Vː / when stressed ?
33 Penutian33.2.1 Proto-Wintuan to NomlakiVrV → {Vː,M}
33.3.1.3 Buena Vista Yokuts to TulamniVʔ → Vː / stressed
35 Salishan35.1.1 Proto-Central Salish to ComoxV3ʔ → V3(ː)ʔ / _#
35.1.2 Proto-Central Salish to Chilliwack HalkomelemV3h → V3ː / _C
V3ʔ → V3(ː) / _#
V3ʔ → V3ː / _O
V3ʔR → V3ːR
35.1.3 Proto-Central Salish to Cowichan HalkomelemV3h → V3ː / _C
V03ʔ(V0) → {V03ː,V03ʔV0}
V3ʔR → {V3ʔR,V3ːRʔ} / _V
35.1.4 Proto-Central Salish to Musqueam HalkomelemV3h → V3ː / _C
V3ʔ → V3{ː,ʔ} / _O
V03ʔV0 → {V3ː,V03ʔV0}
V3ʔR → {V3ʔR,V3ːRʔ} / _V
35.1.6 Proto-Central Salish to LushootseedV3h → V3{ː,ʔ} / _C
35.1.9 Proto-Central Salish to Saanich Northern StraitsV3h → V3(ː) / _C
35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern StraitsV3h → V3ː / _C
37 Siouan-Iroquoian37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee{wV,jV} → Vː[+low falling tone]
Vʔ → Vː[+low falling tone] / _C
{Vh,Vʔ} → Vː / _#
∅ → Vː[+high rising tone] / C_# (“usually one of [/aː iː ʌ̃ː/ with this tone], the conditions are unclear”)
37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian”V → ”Vː / “in open penultimate syllables followed by a non-glottal consonant”
37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to CayugaV → Vː / _C[-glottal] “in even-numbered syllables when accented or immediately before the accent”
”V0V0 → V0ː[-accent]
37.1.2.2.1 Huron to WyandotVh → Vː / _R
37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to OnondagaVw → Vː / _{r,j}
”V → ”Vː / _C(R)V
V → Vː / _”C[-glottal](R)V{ː,H} in “even numbered syllables only”
V → Vː / _KRV “in the second syllable of a word”
Vr → Vː / _C
rV → Vː / C_
37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida”V → ”Vː[+falling tone] / _{ʔ,hR}
37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida”Vː[-falling tone]CV → Vː”CV
”V → ”Vː / _ʔ
— Vː[+falling tone]C(C)V(H) → V̊ː[+falling tone]C̊(C̊)V̊(H̊) / _#
— CVː[+falling tone] → C̊V̊ː[+falling tone] / _#
37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to SenecaV → Vː / _{t,k(ʷ),s,n,r,j,w} “in even penultimate syllables”
Vh → Vː / _{n,w,j}
37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora”V → ”Vː / _n in “penultimate syllables only”
”V → ”Vː / _{k(ʷ),(ˀ)t}{s,R,H} (“penultimate syllables only”)
”V → ”Vː / _RR
38 Tai-Kadai38.1.1.1 Proto-Tai to AhomV → Vː / _%
38.1.1.2 Proto-Tai to SaekV → Vː / _%
38.1.1.3 Proto-Tai to Central TaiV → Vː / _%
38.1.1.3.1 Central Tai to LungchowV → Vː / _V
38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North TaiV → Vː / _%
38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest TaiV → Vː / _%
42 Uralic42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-FinnicV → Vː / _#
42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard FinnishV → Vː / h_hC
V → Vː / _hC (sporadic)
VU → Vː / _#
42.1.1.1.2 Standard Finnish to Modern Standard FinnishVa → Vː / unstressed
42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to LivonianVn → Vː / _s
Vh → Vːɦ / _C, except maybe ! _j and/or _ʋ
VCːɑ → VːCɑ
V → Vː / _RC(C)ɑ (includes diphthongs)
43 Uto-Aztecan43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to KawaiisuuV Vː → uː Vː (not sure if this occurs before or after the previous change)
46 Vowel Shifts46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shifts— V → Vː / _{r,F[+voiced],$,#}
46.11 Middle Chinese to Cantonese Vowel Shift (“The Inner-Outer Flip”)V → Vː / _#

with context involving /Vː/

28 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic6.2.2.1.12 Classical Arabic to Eastern Libyan Arabic∅ → ə / C_CV(ː,V)CC
6.2.2.1.13 Classical Arabic to Western Libyan Arabic∅ → ə / CCV(ː,V)C_C
7 Algonquian7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menomineee → i / Vː%_ ! _H
7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe{w,j}V[-long] → ∅ / Vː_# (Whimemsz is unsure if this change is across-the-board or not)
7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee∅ → i / #C_jVː “(for some speakers)”
17 Indo-European17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwianhh h → h ∅ / ”Vː_u
hh h → h ∅ / u_”Vː
17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaich → ∅ / ”Vː_u
h → ∅ / u_”Vː
17.7.2.1.15 North Frisian Lenitionp t k → b d ɡ → v r ɣ / Vː_{V,#}
17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norsen → ∅ / V{ː,V}_hV
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norsew → ∅ / #P_Vː
l(ː)ʀ n(ː)ʀ → lː nː / ”Vː_ (or all V_ ?)
{l(ː),n}{r,ʀ} → ∅ / V{ː,V}_
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Nornf → ∅ / Vː_V
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greekj → ∅ / Vː_
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greekj → ∅ / Vː_
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latind → ∅ / Vː_#
mː → n / {W,Vː}_
sː → s / {W,Vː}_
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençalsː → s / Vː_
33 Penutian33.3.1.2 Buena Vista Yokuts to Hometwoli∅ → h / V(ː)_, when stressed (only sometimes, “particularly before consonants”)
37 Siouan-Iroquoian37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayugah → ∅ / Vː_#
37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to OnondagaV → Vː / _”C[-glottal](R)V{ː,H} in “even numbered syllables only”
37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneidaʔ → ∅ / ”Vː[+falling tone]_C
h → ∅ / ”Vː[+falling tone]_R
37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneidaʔ → ∅ / ”Vː_
37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarorah → ∅ / Vː_#