Index Diachronica: involving /c/

82 results from /c/ 57 results to /c/ 5 results with context involving /c/

from /c/

82 matches

9 Austroasiatic	9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen	cʰ → s
	9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen	{pj,bj} {tj,dj} {cj,ɟj} → b d j
	9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese	(h)ə{p,b} (h)ə{t,d} (h)ə{c,ɟ} (h)ə{k,ɡ} → β dʲ ɟ ɡ
		{pj,bj} {tj,dj} {cj,ɟj} → {β,w} dʲ ɟ
		c ɲ → t n / ! E_ (apparently the precursor to Vietnamese short *a was treated as a short vowel here)
	9.1.2.1 Middle Vietnamese to Hanoi Vietnamese	Ω cʰ → s tɕ
	9.1.2.2 Middle Vietnamese to Saigon Vietnamese	Ω cʰ → ʂ ʈʂ
		c ɲ t n → t n k ŋ / a_ (short /a/ only)
		c ɲ → t n / {i,e}_
		{c,ɲ} → ∅ / else
10 Austronesian	10.1.2 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Philippine	c → s
	10.1.2.4 Proto-Philippine to Ibanag	{s,c} → t
	10.1.2.5 Proto-Philippine to Ifugao	{s,c} → h
	10.1.2.8 Proto-Philippine to Kankanay	c → s
	10.1.2.10 Proto-Philippine to Waray	*c → s
	10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro	p c q → f s ʔ
	10.2.6 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-North Sarawak	pː tː cː kː → p t c k
	10.2.6 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-North Sarawak	c → s
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	{s,c} → t / _V{s,c}V
	10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw	p pʷ {c,*j} k q → β βʷ s ɣ ∅
	10.3.3 Proto-Oceanic to Lemerig	{c,*j} ɲ → s n
	10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap	{c,*j} → s
	10.3.5 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-New Caledonia	c → s
	10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàc	t c → l j / V_V
	10.3.5.2 Proto-New Caledonia to Jawé	pː pwː t̪ː tː kː cː → pʰ hʷ t̪ʰ tʰ h jʰ
	10.3.5.3 Proto-New Caledonia to Nemi-Pije-Fwai	pː pwː tː t̪ː kː cː → f hʷ t̪ʰ tʰ h jʰ
	10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	cʰ → {ʃ,jʰ}
	10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	pw p t ʈ k c → (v)w v r l ɣ j / V_V
	10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	p pw t̪ ʈ c → v (v)w r l j / V_V
	10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	pː pwː tː qː cː → pʰ pwʰ tʰ h cʰ
	10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	pː pwː tː ʈ kː cː → f hʷ tʰ lʰ h s
	10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	k c → ∅ {j,∅} / V_V
	10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	pː pwː t̪ː tː kː cː → pʰ xʷ t̪ʰ tʰ x s
	10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	p pw t {k,c} → {v,∅} w l ∅ / V_V
	10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga	pː pwː t̪ː tː ʈː cː kː → pʰ pwʰ t̪ʰ tʰ ʈʰ jʰ h
	10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga	p pw t̪ ʈ k c → v w ð l ∅ j / V_V
	10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	ɲ c *j → n s z
	10.3.8 Proto-Oceanic to Tolomako	ɲ c *j → n s z
	10.3.9.1 Proto-Utupua to Asuboa	c ɲ → ∅ {ɲ,j}
	10.3.9.2 Proto-Utupua to Nebao	c ɲ → ∅ n
	10.3.9.3 Proto-Utupua to Tanibili	d c ɲ → ɟ {s,∅} n
	10.3.10.1 Proto-Vanikoro to Buma	c *R → ∅ {l,∅}
	10.3.10.2 Proto-Vanikoro to Tanema	c *R → ∅ {l,∅}
	10.3.10.3 Proto-Vanikoro to Vano	c *R → {j,∅} l
	10.3.11 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Southern Vanuatu	c → s
	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	d {c,*j} → tʃ s
	10.3.11.2 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Erromango	s {c,*j} → h s
	10.3.11.3 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Tanna	s c *J → {h,z} {s,z} z
	10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakel	c *j → s {z,s}
	10.3.11.3.3 Proto-Tanna to North Tanna	{s,c} → {h,s}
	10.3.11.3.4 Proto-Tanna to Southwest Tanna	{c,*j} → s
	10.3.11.3.5 Proto-Tanna to Whitesands	c *j → s {z,s}
	10.3.12 Proto-Oceanic to Vera’a	{c,*j} ɲ → s n
	10.4.1 Proto-Micronesian to Marshallese	p {t,ts} c → pʲ tʲ rʲ
	10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan	{c,C,s,S} → c (again, possibly a change from POn-PAn, if it existed)
	10.6 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Paiwan	S₁ s c → s t ts
	10.6.1 Proto-Paiwan to Northern Paiwan	c ɟ q ɭ → t d ʔ l
	10.7 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Rukai	{t₁,c} {d₁,z} d₃ → t d ɖ
12 Northwest Caucasian	12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassian	tcʷ(ː) tɕʷʼ → tʃ(ː) tʃʼ
12 Northwest Caucasian	12.2.1.3 Adyghe to Shapsug Adyghe	pː tː tsː tsʷː ʃː tsː tcː kʲː kʷː qː~qχ qʷː~qχʷ → p t ts tʃʷ ʃ tʃ tɕ kʲ kʷ χ~q χʷ~qʷ
14 Elamo-Dravidian	14.2 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Achaemanid Elamite	c → s / #_{a,u}
	14.2 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Achaemanid Elamite	ɲc → ns / V_V
	14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil	c → s / _{a,o,u,e}
	14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil	cː → tʃː “(most dialects)”
17 Indo-European	17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albanian	c ɟ → tʃ dʒ (for most speakers)
	17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albanian	c ɟ → tʃ dʒ (much less widespread than in Gheg)
	17.10.1.5 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Vedic Sanskrit	cʰː → cʰ / C_
	17.10.1.5 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Vedic Sanskrit	{pʂ,cʂ,ɟʐʱ,ɡʐʱ} → kʂ
	17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanian	c → p / _{s,t}
		{sc,st} → ʃt / _F
		c → ∅ / n_t
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.2.1 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Proto-Jê	c → {c,z}
30 Niger-Congo	30.1.1.1 Proto-Bantu to Sebirwa	p t d c ɟ k ɡ → ɸ ɹ {d,l} tʰ ∅ h {∅,ɡ}
	30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba	’p ’t ’d/d₂ c {’ɟ} ’k ɡ → f l ɟ s ∅ {w,∅} {k,w} / in C₁ position
	30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba	p t ’t {’d,d₂} c k ’k → b d l {l,∅} ɟ ɡ ∅ / in C₂ position
	30.2 Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu to Proto-Potou-Akanic	ɟ ʄ j c ɠʷ → c ɟ ʄ t ɠ̥p
	30.2.1.1 Proto-Akanic to Akan	{p,ʋ̃} c k͜p → f s p / #_
32 Oto-Manguean	32.1.1 Proto-Chatino to Papabuco Chatino	{c,tʃ} → ʃ
	32.1.2 Proto-Chatino to Tataltepec Chatino	c → tʃ / i_
	32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatino	c → ts
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	{o,a} {a(ta),a(ch)} → e a / _ŋ
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	{a(ta),a(ch)} → o / else

to /c/

57 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	k x → c ç / _{j,E}
6 Afro-Asiatic	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	j → c / {O,r}
10 Austronesian	10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananen	s → c& _ (the paper doesn’t explain what this represents)
	10.2.4.3 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Sundanese	w → {∅,c} / #_
	10.2.6 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-North Sarawak	pː tː cː kː → p t c k
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	v ɡ ɟ → f k c / V_V
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	v ɟ → f c / #_
	10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lóngh	bʱ dʱ dzʱ ɡʱ → p t c k
		{p,t} n → c̚ ɲ / {i,ɛ}_#
		b d dz ɡ → p t c k / N_
	10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàc	pː pwː tː ʈː qː kː → pʰ pwʰ cʰ tʰ h jʰ
	10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàc	q {k,t} {s,ʈ} → k c t
	10.3.5.2 Proto-New Caledonia to Jawé	q k {ʈ,s} → k c t̪
	10.3.5.2 Proto-New Caledonia to Jawé	t̪ t̪ʰ t tʰ → t tʰ c s
	10.3.5.3 Proto-New Caledonia to Nemi-Pije-Fwai	q k {ʈ,s} → k c t̪
	10.3.5.3 Proto-New Caledonia to Nemi-Pije-Fwai	t tʰ → c h / _E
	10.3.5.4 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Northern	q qː k kː s sː → k kː c cː t̪ t̪ː
	10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	k → c / V_V
	10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	k → c / _#
	10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	k → c
		k t s → j c t̪
		pː pwː tː qː cː → pʰ pwʰ tʰ h cʰ
	10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	q k t s → k j c t
	10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	q k {ʈ,s} → k c t̪
	10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	t̪(ʰ) t(ʰ) → cʰ tʰ
	10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga	q k s → k c t̪
	10.3.10.2 Proto-Vanikoro to Tanema	s → {s,d,c}
	10.3.11 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Southern Vanuatu	t → c / _E
	10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan	{c,C,s,S} → c (again, possibly a change from POn-PAn, if it existed)
	10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan	z → c (again, possibly evidence of a change from POn-PAn, if it existed)
	10.8 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Tsouic	{C,d} j R → c z r
12 Northwest Caucasian	12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassian	ts tsː dz → {s,c} tsː dz~z
12 Northwest Caucasian	12.2.2 Proto-Circassian to Kabardian	tsʲʼ tʃʷʼ~ʃʷʼ tʃʼ tɕʼ tɬʼ kʲʼ → ɕʼ fʼ ɕʼ {ɕʼ,cçʼ} ɬʼ tʃʼ
14 Elamo-Dravidian	14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil	tː nt → cː ɲc / {i,j}_
17 Indo-European	17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albanian	kʷ → c / _B?
	17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albanian	kʷ → c / _B?
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	N(ː) k k(ː) N(ː)ɡ ɡ(ː) ɣ → ɲc(ː) c(ː) ɲɟ(ː) ɟ(ː) ʝ / _{i,j}
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	N(ː) k k(ː) N(ː)ɡ ɡ(ː) ɣ → ɲc(ː) c(ː) ɲɟ(ː) ɟ(ː) ɟ / _{i,j}
	17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	k ɡ → c ɟ / _{E,j}
	17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	k ɡ → c ɟ / _E
	17.10 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Indo-Iranian	k ɡ ɡʱ → c ɟ ɟʱ / _e,i,j
	17.10.1.5 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Vedic Sanskrit	t.ʂ t.ɕ → kʂ cʰː
	17.10.1.5 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Vedic Sanskrit	cʰː → cʰ / C_
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.2.1 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Proto-Jê	c → {c,z}
	18.3.1 Proto-Tuparí to Makuráp	ð nŋʷ → c β / #_V[-nas]
	18.3.1 Proto-Tuparí to Makuráp	ð → {∅,c} / else
20 Khoisan	20.1.8 Proto-Khoe to Teti	ǂ ǂ̃n ǂˀ → c ɲ ʔj
20 Khoisan	20.2.1 Proto-Kx’a to ÇHoan	t d s → {c,tʃ} ɟ ʃ
30 Niger-Congo	30.1 Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu to Proto-Bantu	ʄ C → c R / #_
	30.2 Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu to Proto-Potou-Akanic	ɟ ʄ j c ɠʷ → c ɟ ʄ t ɠ̥p
	30.2.1 Proto-Potou-Akanic to Proto-Akanic	t → c / #_V[-nas]
32 Oto-Manguean	32.1.2 Proto-Chatino to Tataltepec Chatino	tʃ → c
34 Quechumaran	34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiago	k → c / j_ (?)
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.3.2.2.4 Proto-rGyalrongic to Suo Mo	ɡj → cç ? (might be → tsç?)
39 Tanoan	39.1 Proto-Tanoan to Jimez	s → c
44 Vasconic	44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque	t → c / {E,j}_ (“some areas”)
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes	47.1 List 1: Simple Consonant Changes	b → #c, -nc- (Sundanese)

with context involving /c/

5 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.2.2.1.3 Ancient Egyptian to Coptic	r → l / #(C)_c(C)# ?
10 Austronesian	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	{s,c} → t / _V{s,c}V
17 Indo-European	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	j → ∅ / {c,ɟ}_
17 Indo-European	17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	u o a ø y e i → uː oː aː øi yː ei iː / _{ɲc,ɲɟ,ŋk,ŋɡ}
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	C → Cʲ / {K,C[+pharyngeal]}_{a,a(ch)}