Index Diachronica: involving /c/

82 results from /c/   57 results to /c/   5 results with context involving /c/   

plain cʰː cʷː

from /c/

82 matches

9 Austroasiatic9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khencʰ → s
{pj,bj} {tj,dj} {cj,ɟj} → b d j
9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese(h)ə{p,b} (h)ə{t,d} (h)ə{c,ɟ} (h)ə{k,ɡ} → β dʲ ɟ ɡ
{pj,bj} {tj,dj} {cj,ɟj} → {β,w} dʲ ɟ
c ɲ → t n / ! E_ (apparently the precursor to Vietnamese short *a was treated as a short vowel here)
9.1.2.1 Middle Vietnamese to Hanoi VietnameseΩ cʰ → s tɕ
9.1.2.2 Middle Vietnamese to Saigon VietnameseΩ cʰ → ʂ ʈʂ
c ɲ t n → t n k ŋ / a_ (short /a/ only)
c ɲ → t n / {i,e}_
{c,ɲ} → ∅ / else
10 Austronesian10.1.2 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Philippinec → s
10.1.2.4 Proto-Philippine to Ibanag{s,c} → t
10.1.2.5 Proto-Philippine to Ifugao{s,c} → h
10.1.2.8 Proto-Philippine to Kankanayc → s
10.1.2.10 Proto-Philippine to Waray*c → s
10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorrop c q → f s ʔ
10.2.6 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-North Sarawakpː tː cː kː → p t c k
c → s
10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput{s,c} → t / _V{s,c}V
10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiwp pʷ {c,*j} k q → β βʷ s ɣ ∅
10.3.3 Proto-Oceanic to Lemerig{c,*j} ɲ → s n
10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap{c,*j} → s
10.3.5 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-New Caledoniac → s
10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàct c → l j / V_V
10.3.5.2 Proto-New Caledonia to Jawépː pwː t̪ː tː kː cː → pʰ hʷ t̪ʰ tʰ h jʰ
10.3.5.3 Proto-New Caledonia to Nemi-Pije-Fwaipː pwː tː t̪ː kː cː → f hʷ t̪ʰ tʰ h jʰ
10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwacʰ → {ʃ,jʰ}
pw p t ʈ k c → (v)w v r l ɣ j / V_V
10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyup pw t̪ ʈ c → v (v)w r l j / V_V
pː pwː tː qː cː → pʰ pwʰ tʰ h cʰ
10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaameipː pwː tː ʈ kː cː → f hʷ tʰ lʰ h s
k c → ∅ {j,∅} / V_V
10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâpː pwː t̪ː tː kː cː → pʰ xʷ t̪ʰ tʰ x s
p pw t {k,c} → {v,∅} w l ∅ / V_V
10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunagapː pwː t̪ː tː ʈː cː kː → pʰ pwʰ t̪ʰ tʰ ʈʰ jʰ h
p pw t̪ ʈ k c → v w ð l ∅ j / V_V
10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bayɲ c *j → n s z
10.3.8 Proto-Oceanic to Tolomakoɲ c *j → n s z
10.3.9.1 Proto-Utupua to Asuboac ɲ → ∅ {ɲ,j}
10.3.9.2 Proto-Utupua to Nebaoc ɲ → ∅ n
10.3.9.3 Proto-Utupua to Tanibilid c ɲ → ɟ {s,∅} n
10.3.10.1 Proto-Vanikoro to Bumac *R → ∅ {l,∅}
10.3.10.2 Proto-Vanikoro to Tanemac *R → ∅ {l,∅}
10.3.10.3 Proto-Vanikoro to Vanoc *R → {j,∅} l
10.3.11 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Southern Vanuatuc → s
10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejomd {c,*j} → tʃ s
10.3.11.2 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Erromangos {c,*j} → h s
10.3.11.3 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Tannas c *J → {h,z} {s,z} z
10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakelc *j → s {z,s}
10.3.11.3.3 Proto-Tanna to North Tanna{s,c} → {h,s}
10.3.11.3.4 Proto-Tanna to Southwest Tanna{c,*j} → s
10.3.11.3.5 Proto-Tanna to Whitesandsc *j → s {z,s}
10.3.12 Proto-Oceanic to Vera’a{c,*j} ɲ → s n
10.4.1 Proto-Micronesian to Marshallesep {t,ts} c → pʲ tʲ rʲ
10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan{c,*C,s,*S} → c (again, possibly a change from POn-PAn, if it existed)
10.6 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-PaiwanS1 s c → s t ts
10.6.1 Proto-Paiwan to Northern Paiwanc ɟ q ɭ → t d ʔ l
10.7 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Rukai{t1,c} {d1,z} d3 → t d ɖ
12 Northwest Caucasian12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassiantcʷ(ː) tɕʷʼ → tʃ(ː) tʃʼ
12.2.1.3 Adyghe to Shapsug Adyghepː tː tsː tsʷː ʃː tsː tcː kʲː kʷː qː~qχ qʷː~qχʷ → p t ts tʃʷ ʃ tʃ tɕ kʲ kʷ χ~q χʷ~qʷ
14 Elamo-Dravidian14.2 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Achaemanid Elamitec → s / #_{a,u}
ɲc → ns / V_V
14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamilc → s / _{a,o,u,e}
cː → tʃː “(most dialects)”
17 Indo-European17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albanianc ɟ → tʃ dʒ (for most speakers)
17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albanianc ɟ → tʃ dʒ (much less widespread than in Gheg)
17.10.1.5 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Vedic Sanskritcʰː → cʰ / C_
{pʂ,cʂ,ɟʐʱ,ɡʐʱ} → kʂ
17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanianc → p / _{s,t}
{sc,st} → ʃt / _F
c → ∅ / n_t
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib18.2.1 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Proto-Jêc → {c,z}
30 Niger-Congo30.1.1.1 Proto-Bantu to Sebirwap t d c ɟ k ɡ → ɸ ɹ {d,l} tʰ ∅ h {∅,ɡ}
30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba’p ’t ’d/d2 c {’ɟ} ’k ɡ → f l ɟ s ∅ {w,∅} {k,w} / in C1 position
p t ’t {’d,d2} c k ’k → b d l {l,∅} ɟ ɡ ∅ / in C2 position
30.2 Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu to Proto-Potou-Akanicɟ ʄ j c ɠʷ → c ɟ ʄ t ɠ̥p
30.2.1.1 Proto-Akanic to Akan{p,ʋ̃} c k͜p → f s p / #_
32 Oto-Manguean32.1.1 Proto-Chatino to Papabuco Chatino{c,tʃ} → ʃ
32.1.2 Proto-Chatino to Tataltepec Chatinoc → tʃ / i_
32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatinoc → ts
36 Sino-Tibetan36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin{o,a} {a(ta),a(ch)} → e a / _ŋ
{a(ta),a(ch)} → o / else

to /c/

57 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabick x → c ç / _{j,E}
j → c / {O,r}
10 Austronesian10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananens → c& _ (the paper doesn’t explain what this represents)
10.2.4.3 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Sundanesew → {∅,c} / #_
10.2.6 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-North Sarawakpː tː cː kː → p t c k
10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiputv ɡ ɟ → f k c / V_V
v ɟ → f c / #_
10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lónghbʱ dʱ dzʱ ɡʱ → p t c k
{p,t} n → c̚ ɲ / {i,ɛ}_#
b d dz ɡ → p t c k / N_
10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàcpː pwː tː ʈː qː kː → pʰ pwʰ cʰ tʰ h jʰ
q {k,t} {s,ʈ} → k c t
10.3.5.2 Proto-New Caledonia to Jawéq k {ʈ,s} → k c t̪
t̪ t̪ʰ t tʰ → t tʰ c s
10.3.5.3 Proto-New Caledonia to Nemi-Pije-Fwaiq k {ʈ,s} → k c t̪
t tʰ → c h / _E
10.3.5.4 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Northernq qː k kː s sː → k kː c cː t̪ t̪ː
10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwak → c / V_V
k → c / _#
10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyuk → c
k t s → j c t̪
pː pwː tː qː cː → pʰ pwʰ tʰ h cʰ
10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaameiq k t s → k j c t
10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâq k {ʈ,s} → k c t̪
t̪(ʰ) t(ʰ) → cʰ tʰ
10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunagaq k s → k c t̪
10.3.10.2 Proto-Vanikoro to Tanemas → {s,d,c}
10.3.11 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Southern Vanuatut → c / _E
10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan{c,*C,s,*S} → c (again, possibly a change from POn-PAn, if it existed)
z → c (again, possibly evidence of a change from POn-PAn, if it existed)
10.8 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Tsouic{*C,d} j *R → c z r
12 Northwest Caucasian12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassiants tsː dz → {s,c} tsː dz~z
12.2.2 Proto-Circassian to Kabardiantsʲʼ tʃʷʼ~ʃʷʼ tʃʼ tɕʼ tɬʼ kʲʼ → ɕʼ fʼ ɕʼ {ɕʼ,cçʼ} ɬʼ tʃʼ
14 Elamo-Dravidian14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamiltː nt → cː ɲc / {i,j}_
17 Indo-European17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albaniankʷ → c / _B?
17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albaniankʷ → c / _B?
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old NorseN(ː) k k(ː) N(ː)ɡ ɡ(ː) ɣ → ɲc(ː) c(ː) ɲɟ(ː) ɟ(ː) ʝ / _{i,j}
N(ː) k k(ː) N(ː)ɡ ɡ(ː) ɣ → ɲc(ː) c(ː) ɲɟ(ː) ɟ(ː) ɟ / _{i,j}
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Nornk ɡ → c ɟ / _{E,j}
17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Nornk ɡ → c ɟ / _E
17.10 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Indo-Iraniank ɡ ɡʱ → c ɟ ɟʱ / _e,i,j
17.10.1.5 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Vedic Sanskritt.ʂ t.ɕ → kʂ cʰː
cʰː → cʰ / C_
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib18.2.1 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Proto-Jêc → {c,z}
18.3.1 Proto-Tuparí to Makurápð nŋʷ → c β / #_V[-nas]
ð → {∅,c} / else
20 Khoisan20.1.8 Proto-Khoe to Tetiǂ ǂ̃n ǂˀ → c ɲ ʔj
20.2.1 Proto-Kx’a to ǂHoant d s → {c,tʃ} ɟ ʃ
30 Niger-Congo30.1 Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu to Proto-Bantuʄ C → c R / #_
30.2 Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu to Proto-Potou-Akanicɟ ʄ j c ɠʷ → c ɟ ʄ t ɠ̥p
30.2.1 Proto-Potou-Akanic to Proto-Akanict → c / #_V[-nas]
32 Oto-Manguean32.1.2 Proto-Chatino to Tataltepec Chatinotʃ → c
34 Quechumaran34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiagok → c / j_ (?)
36 Sino-Tibetan36.3.2.2.4 Proto-rGyalrongic to Suo Moɡj → cç ? (might be → tsç?)
39 Tanoan39.1 Proto-Tanoan to Jimezs → c
44 Vasconic44.2 Proto-Basque to Basquet → c / {E,j}_ (“some areas”)
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes47.1 List 1: Simple Consonant Changesb → #c, -nc- (Sundanese)

with context involving /c/

5 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic6.2.2.1.3 Ancient Egyptian to Copticr → l / #(C)_c(C)# ?
10 Austronesian10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput{s,c} → t / _V{s,c}V
17 Indo-European17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norsej → ∅ / {c,ɟ}_
17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandicu o a ø y e i → uː oː aː øi yː ei iː / _{ɲc,ɲɟ,ŋk,ŋɡ}
36 Sino-Tibetan36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old MandarinC → Cʲ / {K,C[+pharyngeal]}_{a,a(ch)}