6 Afro-Asiatic | 6.1.1 Proto-Omotic to North Omotic | e(ː) → i(ː) / #C[+sibilant]_{d,n,r}
|
6.2.2.1.10 Classical Arabic to Hassāniyya Arabic | — j w → iː uː / #_CC
|
6.2.2.1.17 Classical Arabic to Tunisian Arabic | aj aw → {aj,eː,iː aw,oː,uː}
|
6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew | — i iː u uː → eə iːə oə uːə / _R
|
— {o,u}(ː) → iː / _$%oː
|
7 Algonquian | 7.3 Proto-Algonquian to Proto-Arapaho-Atsina | o(ː) → i(ː)
|
7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot | {jiː,ja,ahi} {owaː,awa,awe} awi {iːwa,eːwa,aji,aje,ani} → i oː o(ji) iː / C_C
|
eLwi → iː
|
i(ː)wi → iː / medially
|
iji → iː
|
7.10 Proto-Algonquian to Woods Cree | e(ː) → i(ː)
|
7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware | i o → iː oː
|
7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee | {wiː,jiː,weː,jeː,wæː,jæː} {wi,ji,we,je,wæ,jæ} → iː i / C_
|
7.14 Proto-Algonquian to Mi’kmaq | {aja,iha,iji,ihi,ija} → iː
|
7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe | jeː → iː / C_
|
ja → iː / C_C
|
8 Altaic | 8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha | o oɡ ø øɡ iɡ → wo ɥø oː øː iː
|
iɡ̌ → ɯː → iː (but original ɯː unaffected?)
|
eɡ → {je,iː,ji}
|
17 Indo-European | 17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwian | {ɛ,e}ː æː → iː aː
|
17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian | {ɛ,e}ː o æː → iː e aː
|
17.2.4 Common Anatolian to Lydian | o(ː) eː æː → a(ː) iː aː
|
17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic | ɛː → iː
|
17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic | — eː → iː
|
17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish | eː → iː / ! _{i,u}
|
— {ai,oi} → iː / _#
|
17.7 Proto-Indo-European to Common Germanic | ei oi → iː ai
|
17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic | ij → iː / _s “after the loss of a vowel in final syllables”
|
iji → iː / U[- stress](C…)_
|
iji → iː / U[+ long + closed]_ in the stem
|
17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English | ɑː y(ː) → ɔː i(ː)
|
17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English | ɪ → iː / _# when unstressed
|
ɪ → iː / “unstressed foot-finally if the next syllable is stressed and begins with /k ɡ tʃ dʒ ʃ ʒ/”
|
17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English | y(ː) → i(ː)
|
17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots | — ai oi ui ei au ou iu ɛ(o)u → eː oe əi iː {ɑː,ɔː} ʌu ju j(ʌ)u
|
17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots | æː(ɑ) eː(o) → ɛ iː
|
17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English | y(ː) → i(ː)
|
17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German | y(ː) yə ø(ː) øy → i(ː) iə e(ː) ei (intermittent)
|
uə yə iə → uː yː iː
|
17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse | w{o,u}ːwuː j{e,i}ːjiː → uː iː
|
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse | BːB aː{o,a,æ,e} {æ,e}ː{æ,e}ː {æ,e}ːi iːEː → oː aː eː eː iː
|
17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic | u o a ø y e i → uː oː aː øi yː ei iː / _{ɲc,ɲɟ,ŋk,ŋɡ}
|
u o a øː eː y i → ʏɪ oi ai øi ei yː iː / _j
|
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn | œ → iː / _N
|
e iː → ɛ i(ː)
|
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek | eː → iː / _C
|
eː → iː / _V
|
17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek | {eː,ej} ɛː ɑ(ː)j {oj,ɔːj} → iː eː ɛː {y,ø}
|
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek | eː → iː / _V
|
17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan | R̊H → {u,i}ːR / _C
|
uʐ aʐ iʐ → uː əː iː
|
17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish | ьr → i(ː)ʐ → {ɛ(ː)r,ɛ(ː)ʐ} → {ɛr,ɛʐ}
|
a ɛ i ɔ u ɨ ã → aː ɛː iː ɔː uː ɨː ãː / _{C/U}[+voiced][lost yer] (i.e., a voiced consonant or a cluster with one)
|
{aja,ɔja} {ɔjɛ,ɨjɛ} ɨjɛ → aː ɛː iː
|
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin | ai → ei → iː / %(C)(C)_ when unstressed
|
ei oi ou → iː eː uː / %(C)(C)_ when unstressed
|
{ai,ei,oi} → ei → iː / _(C)(C)#
|
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese | e → iː / ”_%ɪː#
|
28 Muskogean | 28.2 Proto-Muskogean to Proto-Western Muskogean | oj aj → iː {aː,iː}
|
31 Nyulnyulan | 31.1 Proto-Nyulnyulan to Bardi | aji → iː / when unstressed
|
33 Penutian | 33.3.1.3 Buena Vista Yokuts to Tulamni | ɨ(ː) ə(ː) → i(ː) e(ː)
|
33.3.2.2 Proto-Nim-Yokuts to Northern Yokuts | ɨ(ː) ə(ː) → i(ː) e(ː)
|
33.3.3 Proto-Yokuts to Palewyami | ɨ(ː) → i(ː)
|
34 Quechumaran | 34.4 Proto-Quechumaran to Huarás | aw aj {uj,ij} → uː eː iː
|
37 Siouan-Iroquoian | 37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee | iji → iː
|
37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian | iji(ː) → hi(ː) / {k,s}_ “(possibly after all non-glottal obstruents)”
|
∅ → i(ː) / #_(C)(C)CVC(C)(C)#
|
38 Tai-Kadai | 38.1.1.3 Proto-Tai to Central Tai | ɛi ei → ai iː
|
38.1.1.3.1 Central Tai to Lungchow | {ɨo̯,ɨa̯,ɨe̯} ie̯ → ɨː iː
|
ɛ i → eː iː / _u
|
38.1.1.4.2 North Tai to Po-Ai | ɨa̯~ɨə̯ → iː / j_
|
ɨo̯ ɨa̯ ie̯ ɨe̯ → uː aː eː iː
|
u̯əi ɔi → (w)iː oːi
|
ɛ e i → eː a iː / _u
|
uəi uai iau → iː oːi eːu
|
38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai | ɛi ei → ai iː
|
42 Uralic | 42.1.1.1.2 Standard Finnish to Modern Standard Finnish | ie yɤ uo → iː yː uː / _A
|
42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian | eː øː oː ɤ(ː) → iːe yːø uːo ɨ(ː)
|
46 Vowel Shifts | 46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shifts | ai oi ui ei au ou iu ɛ(o)u → eː oe əi iː {ɑː,ɔː} ʌu ju j(ʌ)u
|
46.7 Great Vowel Shift (English) | eː oː → iː uː
|
ɛː → eː → iː
|
46.8 Greek Vowel Shift | eː ɛː → iː eː
|
eː → iː
|
y(ː) ɔː → i(ː) ɔ
|
46.13 Old Norse to Faroese Vowel Shift | {i,y} → iː / ɪ
|