| 6 Afro-Asiatic | 6.2.2 Proto-Erythrean to Proto-North Erythrean | eː oː → i u
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| 6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew | — {o,u}(ː) → iː / _$%oː
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| — oː → uː
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| 7 Algonquian | 7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki | oː aː eː iː → o ɔ̃ a i
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| 7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki | oː eː iː → o a i
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| 7.3 Proto-Algonquian to Proto-Arapaho-Atsina | o(ː) → i(ː)
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| 7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho | o(ː) → e(ː) / Cj_ (sporadic)
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| 7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot | oː → o
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| 7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee | iː oː oʔ → eː uː uʔ “[blocked when iː or a C+G sequence follows anywhere in the word, but does apply if æ(ː) intervenes before any following iː or C+G]”
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| 7.14 Proto-Algonquian to Mi’kmaq | o(ː) waː eː iː → u o e i
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| 14 Elamo-Dravidian | 14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil | aː eː iː oː uː → a ɛ i o u / _#
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| {om,on} {em,en} {oːm,oːn} {eːm,eːn} → ɔ̃ ɛ̃ õ ẽ
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| 17 Indo-European | 17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albanian | eː iː oː uː → o i e {y,i}
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| 17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albanian | eː iː oː uː → o i e {y,i}
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| 17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite | o(ː) æː → a(ː) eː
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| 17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwian | o(ː) → a(ː)
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| 17.2.4 Common Anatolian to Lydian | o(ː) eː æː → a(ː) iː aː
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| 17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic | o(ː) → a(ː)
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| 17.3.1 Proto-Indo-European to Artsakh Armenian | {e,i}ː {u,o}ː → i u
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| 17.3.2 Proto-Indo-European to Erevan Armenian | {e,i}ː {u,o}ː → i u
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| 17.3.3 Proto-Indo-European to Istanbul Armenian | {e,i}ː {u,o}ː → i u
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| 17.3.4 Proto-Indo-European to Kharpert Armenian | {e,i}ː {u,o}ː → i u
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| 17.3.5 Proto-Indo-European to Sebastia Armenian | {e,i}ː {u,o}ː → i u
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| 17.3.6 Proto-Indo-European to Southeast Armenian | {e,i}ː {u,o}ː → i u
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| 17.3.7 Proto-Indo-European to Southwest Armenian | {e,i}ː {u,o}ː → i u
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| 17.4.1 Proto-Indo-European to Avestan | o oː → {a,aː} aː
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| 17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic | — oː → uː / in U#
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| — oː ej → aː eː
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| 17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish | oː → uː / _(C…)#
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| oːi → uː / _#
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| oː → aː / else
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| oː → ua / _[anything], when stressed
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| 17.7 Proto-Indo-European to Common Germanic | eːi {oːi,aːi} → eː oː (?)
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| 17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic | oːw æːj → ɔː ɛː / _V
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| 17.7.2 Common Germanic to West Germanic | oː → uː / _#
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| 17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English | {ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
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| {o(ː)ht,ɑːht} → ow
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| 17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English | {ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
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| {ɑːht,o(ː)ht} → ow
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| 17.7.2.1.4 Midlands Middle English to Early Modern English | eː oː → eɪ oʊ / ! _ɹ
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| 17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English | ɜːɹ ɑːɹ ɔːɹ eːɹ oːɹ iːɹ uːɹ → ɜː ɑː ɔː ɛə ɔə ɪə ʊə / syllable-finally
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| 17.7.2.1.7 Early Modern English to British English | ɜːɹ ɑːɹ ɔːɹ eːɹ oːɹ iːɹ uːɹ → ɜː ɑː ɔː ɛə ɔə ɪə ʊə / syllable-finally
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| 17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English | {ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
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| {ɑːht,o(ː)ht} → ow
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| 17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots | — iː eː ɛː aː oː uː {øː,yː} → əi i {i,e} e o u ø
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| 17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots | oː → ju / {n,x}_
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| oː → iu / _K
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| oː → ø
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| 17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English | {ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
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| {ɑːht,o(ː)ht} → ow
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| 17.7.2.2 West Germanic to Old Low Franconian | eː oː → ie uo
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| 17.7.2.2.3 Modern Dutch to Polder Dutch Vowel Shift | eː øː oː → ɛi œy ɔu
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| 17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse | oː → a / _n%
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| w{o,u}ːwuː j{e,i}ːjiː → uː iː
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| 17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse | oː → u / _#
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| {(j)u,we}ː {o,ɒ}ː aː au → yː øː æː æy
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| Eː{u,o}ː Eːaː → joː jaː / {v,w}_
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| woː wøː jæː Vː → wo wøje V[- long] / _%
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| 17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic | u oː aː ʏɪ {y,i} {y,i}ː æː eː ey → ʏ ou au ai y ɪ i je ei
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| 17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn | oː → øː / _(C)(C)#
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| oː → u(ː)
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| joː → {u,o,ø} (looks like being in the ultima or the penult may have had something to do with it, but it isn’t clear to me)
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| 17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn | {u,o}(ː) a aː {ɒ,œ,y} e i(ː) → {o,ɔ}(i) æ(i) {ɔ,ɒ}(i) {o,ɔ}(i) {æ,e} / _{Ḱ,Cʲ}
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| oː → u
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| {ɒ,ey} j{u,o,a}ː yː → o ø u / Ḱ_
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| j{u,o,a}ː → ø
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| 17.7.4 Common Germanic to Vandalic | oː → u
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| 17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek | oː → uː
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| 17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek | oː → uː (?)
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| 17.9 Proto-Indo-European to Hittite | o(ː) → a(ː)
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| 17.11 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Slavic | {aːi,oːi} → {æː,a} (the former seems to be more common)
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| {a(ː)u,o(ː)u} e(ː)u → u ju
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| {e(ː),i(ː)} {a(ː),o(ː),u(ː)} → ẽ õ / _N$
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| 17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin | oː → uː / _r
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| 17.12.1.1.1 Classical Latin vs. Vulgar Latin | {u,oː} → o
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| “In contrast, Romanian exhibits u, uː → u (and ultimately also ɔ, oː → o); and Sardinian and African Latin underwent a straight merger of the vowels by length without considering quality (e, eː → e; i, iː → i; u, uː → u; etc.)”
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| 17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan | {u,oː} o → o ɔ / stressed
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| {u,o(ː)} → u / _%”V in East Catalan
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| {u,o(ː)} → o / _%”V else
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| {u(ː),o(ː)} → ∅ / _#
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| 17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French | — iː oː → i ó
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| — {o(ː),u} → o
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| — iː oː → i o
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| 17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese | {u,oː} o → o ɔ / stressed
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| {u,o(ː)} → o / _%”V
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| {u(ː),o(ː)} → o → u / _#
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| 17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanian | — iː o(ː) u(ː) → i o u
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| — {o(ː),u} → o
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| — {o(ː),uː} → o
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| 17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian | oː(s,y) oːn → u {u,õ}
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| õ oː → o a
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| 27 Mayan | 27.1 Proto-Mayan to Ch’olan | aː eː oː → ɨ i u
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| 27.9 Proto-Mayan to Tzeltalan | aː eː oː → ɨ i u
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| 37 Siouan-Iroquoian | 37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee | ẽ(ː) õ(ː) → o(ː) ʌ̃(ː)
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| 37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian | o(ː) u(ː) → a(ː) o(ː)
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| 37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga | o(ː) → õ / _õ(ː)
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| 37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot | ẽ(ː) õ(ː) o(ː) → ɛ̃(ː) ɔ̃(ː) u(ː)
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| 37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga | a(ː) o(ː) õ(ː) → æ(ː) e(ː) ẽ(ː) / r_
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| õ(ː) → ũ(ː)
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| 37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida | ẽ(ː) õ(ː) → ʌ̃(ː) ũ(ː)
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| 37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca | ẽ(ː) õ(ː) → ɛ̃(ː) ɔ̃(ː)
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| 37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora | {ẽ(ː),õ(ː)} → ə̃(ː)
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| a(ː) o(ː) → ɔ(ː) u(ː) / ! “when both short and unstressed”
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| 37.1.2.6.2 Tuscarora to Eastern Tuscarora | ə̃(ː) a(ː) o(ː) → ɨ̃(ː) ɔ(ː) u(ː) (“in all positions”)
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| 42 Uralic | 42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish | eː øː oː → ie yø uo
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| 42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian | eː øː oː ɤ(ː) → iːe yːø uːo ɨ(ː)
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| eː oː → je wo
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| 46 Vowel Shifts | 46.4 Polder Dutch Vowel Shift | eː øː oː → ɛi œy ɔu
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| 46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shifts | iː eː ɛː aː oː uː {øː,yː} → əi i {i,e} e o u ø
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| 46.7 Great Vowel Shift (English) | eː oː → iː uː
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| aː ɔː → ɛː oː → eː ow → ej (əw)
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| 46.8 Greek Vowel Shift | oː → uː
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| 46.10 Late Proto-Finnic to Savonian Vowel Shift | eː øː oː → ie yø uo
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| 46.13 Old Norse to Faroese Vowel Shift | oː → {ɔu,ɛu,œu} / œ “(except Suðuroy → ɔ)”
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