| 6 Afro-Asiatic | 6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew | — aj → ɛː / _#
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| 10 Austronesian | 10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput | ai au → ɛː ɔː / _…#
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| 17 Indo-European | 17.2 Proto-Indo-European to Common Anatolian | ei eu → ɛː uː
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| 17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite | aj aw → ɛː uː / !_{s,n,r,l}
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| 17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic | oːw æːj → ɔː ɛː / _V
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| 17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English | eɑ eːɑ eo eːo → ɑ ɛː e eː
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| ɑ e o → ɑː ɛː oː / in U[+open] ! in #U with the following U containing /iː/ or ending in one of /m n r l/
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| 17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English | eɑ eːɑ eo eːo → ɑ ɛː e eː
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| ɑ e o → ɑː ɛː oː / in U[+open] ! in #U with the following U containing /iː/ or ending in one of /m n r l/
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| 17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English | ɛə ʊə → ɛː ɔː (ongoing)
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| 17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English | eɑ eːɑ eo eːo → ɑ ɛː e eː
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| ɑ e o → ɑː ɛː oː / in U[+open] ! in #U with the following U containing /iː/ or ending in one of /m n r l/
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| 17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots | æː → ɛː
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| 17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English | eɑ eːɑ eo eːo → ɑ ɛː e eː
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| ɑ e o → ɑː ɛː oː / in U[+open] ! in #U with the following U containing /iː/ or ending in one of /m n r l/
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| 17.7.2.2.4 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongization | ɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
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| 17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn | æ → ɛː
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| œ → ɛː / _CC
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| 17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek | æː → ɛː (includes diphthongs)
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| ɑj → ɛː
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| 17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek | {eː,ej} ɛː ɑ(ː)j {oj,ɔːj} → iː eː ɛː {y,ø}
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| 17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek | æː → ɛː
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| 17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek | æː → ɛː
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| ɑj → ɛː
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| 17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish | ьr → i(ː)ʐ → {ɛ(ː)r,ɛ(ː)ʐ} → {ɛr,ɛʐ}
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| a ɛ i ɔ u ɨ ã → aː ɛː iː ɔː uː ɨː ãː / _{C/U}[+voiced][lost yer] (i.e., a voiced consonant or a cluster with one)
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| ajɛ → ɛː in adjectives, aː in verbs
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| {aja,ɔja} {ɔjɛ,ɨjɛ} ɨjɛ → aː ɛː iː
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| {ɛ(ː)jɛ,ьjɛ,ɔjɛ,ujɛ,ɨjɛ} → ɛː
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| 17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian | (h1)e (h1)eː → jə jɛː / #_
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| 37 Siouan-Iroquoian | 37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora | e(ː) → ɛ(ː)
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| 38 Tai-Kadai | 38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamese | {(i)ɛ,i̯ɛ} → ɛː
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| {o,ə} ɛ → a ɛː / _u
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| 46 Vowel Shifts | 46.3 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongization | ɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
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| 46.7 Great Vowel Shift (English) | aː ɔː → ɛː oː → eː ow → ej (əw)
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