| 6 Afro-Asiatic | 6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Omotic | VNC → VːC[+voiced]
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| 6.2.2 Proto-Erythrean to Proto-North Erythrean | V{j,w} → Vː / C_C
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| 6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic | V → Vː / C_CV in U[-stress]
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| V → Vː / _# + suffix
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| 6.2.2.1.17 Classical Arabic to Tunisian Arabic | V(ː) → Vː / in accented or stressed monosyllables
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| 7 Algonquian | 7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho | ({C,#}V)ʔ → ({C,#}Vː)∅ / _C
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| 7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee | V → Vː “when V is the second vowel of a word and follows a short-vowel syllable. Does not apply in glottal words”
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| V → Vː / _CC in even syllables
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| 8 Altaic | 8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyz | æ Vh {ʕ,h} → ɑː Vː ∅ (seems to have largely been confined to loanwords from Persian)
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| 10 Austronesian | 10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese | V → Vː / ə(C…?)_
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| 10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput | V[+stress] → Vː / _C# ! V = ə and/or C = h “(applies to diphthongal nuclei as well a[s] monophthongs)”
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| 10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa | ”V → Vː (usually)
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| 17 Indo-European | 17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite | V → Vː / in ”U[+open]
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| 17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwian | V → Vː / in ”U[+open]
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| V → Vː / in #”U
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| 17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic | V → Vː / ”U[+open]
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| 17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish | V → Vː / _#, when stressed; “[t]his remained as a phonologically conditioned rule in OIr”
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| VOR → VːR; “this is a tad unclear, because in some instances it didn’t seem to apply”
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| 17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots | — V → Vː / _{r,F[+voiced],$,#}
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| 17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots | V → Vː / _{r,F[+ voice],V,#}
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| 17.7.2.2.1 Old Low Franconian to Middle Dutch | V[-long +stress] → Vː / in open syllables (ʏ → {œː,øː} here but this is not phonemically important; there seem to have been qualitative differences between original long vowels and long vowels resulting from this change—lengthened iː seems to have become eː, but lengthened aː merged with original aː); does not affect original long vowels or vowels in diphthongs
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| 17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German | V → Vː / _%, when stressed (except for /ə/?)
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| V → Vː / _r{t,d,s,ts} (except /ə/)
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| V → Vː / in some monosyllables ending in alveolar resonants or vowels
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| V → Vː / by analogy in some cases
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| 17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse | Vn → Vː / _hV
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| 17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse | V → Vː / _l{P,w,k,#}
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| ai wi (w)V → eː weː (w)Vː / _h#
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| {æ,e}i ai au w{ɪ,i} wy wV iu Vː → eː aː oː weː woː wVː eː oː V
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| V{θ,ð} → Vː / #(C)(C)(C)_{l,r}
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| Ṽ → Vː / in #U (maybe only ı̃?)
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| uN yN iN VN → o øː eː Vː / _{s,f}
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| 17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic | V → Vː / _(C)#, in monosyllables
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| V → Vː / ! _CCV, in polysyllables
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| 17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greek | Vns → V(ː)s (Tucker says that “[i]n a few Doric dialects the lengthening did not occur”)
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| 17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| VCw → VːC
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| 17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greek | Vns → Vːs
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| 17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan | VH → Vː / _{C,#}
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| 17.10.1.1 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Central Middle Indo-Aryan | VN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
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| 17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan | VN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
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| 17.10.1.3 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Northwestern Middle Indo-Aryan | VN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
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| 17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-Aryan | VN VC[-nas] → V[+nas] Vː / _#
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| 17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin | V → Vː / _zC[+voiced]
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| V → Vː / _S[+voiced]{S[-voiced],F[-voiced]}; “(i, e, and o sometimes bypass this)”
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| V → Vː / _z{l,r}
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| V → Vː / _{t,d}t
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| V → {Vː,V[+nas]} / _n{f,s}
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| 17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan | VV → Vː (“For outcomes of word-final vowels, see down below”)
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| 17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal | VN → Vː / _S (except for the prefixes con-, in-); I’m assuming this change happened in Vulgar Latin and then vowel length went to quality
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| 18 Je-Tupı́-Carib | 18.4.9.1.3 Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró to Cinta Larga | Vh → Vː
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| V → Vː / _#
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| 31 Nyulnyulan | 31.1 Proto-Nyulnyulan to Bardi | V → Vː / when stressed ?
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| 33 Penutian | 33.2.1 Proto-Wintuan to Nomlaki | VrV → {Vː,M}
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| 33.3.1.3 Buena Vista Yokuts to Tulamni | Vʔ → Vː / stressed
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| 37 Siouan-Iroquoian | 37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee | {Vh,Vʔ} → Vː / _#
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| 37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian | ”V → ”Vː / “in open penultimate syllables followed by a non-glottal consonant”
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| 37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga | V → Vː / _C[-glottal] “in even-numbered syllables when accented or immediately before the accent”
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| 37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot | Vh → Vː / _R
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| 37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga | Vw → Vː / _{r,j}
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| ”V → ”Vː / _C(R)V
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| V → Vː / _”C[-glottal](R)V{ː,H} in “even numbered syllables only”
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| V → Vː / _KRV “in the second syllable of a word”
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| Vr → Vː / _C
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| rV → Vː / C_
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| 37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida | ”Vː[-falling tone]CV → Vː”CV
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| ”V → ”Vː / _ʔ
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| 37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca | V → Vː / _{t,k(ʷ),s,n,r,j,w} “in even penultimate syllables”
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| Vh → Vː / _{n,w,j}
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| 37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora | ”V → ”Vː / _n in “penultimate syllables only”
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| ”V → ”Vː / _{k(ʷ),(ˀ)t}{s,R,H} (“penultimate syllables only”)
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| ”V → ”Vː / _RR
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| 38 Tai-Kadai | 38.1.1.1 Proto-Tai to Ahom | V → Vː / _%
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| 38.1.1.2 Proto-Tai to Saek | V → Vː / _%
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| 38.1.1.3 Proto-Tai to Central Tai | V → Vː / _%
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| 38.1.1.3.1 Central Tai to Lungchow | V → Vː / _V
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| 38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai | V → Vː / _%
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| 38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai | V → Vː / _%
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| 42 Uralic | 42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic | V → Vː / _#
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| 42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish | V → Vː / h_hC
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| V → Vː / _hC (sporadic)
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| VU → Vː / _#
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| 42.1.1.1.2 Standard Finnish to Modern Standard Finnish | Va → Vː / unstressed
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| 42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian | Vn → Vː / _s
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| Vh → Vːɦ / _C, except maybe ! _j and/or _ʋ
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| VCːɑ → VːCɑ
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| V → Vː / _RC(C)ɑ (includes diphthongs)
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| 43 Uto-Aztecan | 43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisu | uV Vː → uː Vː (not sure if this occurs before or after the previous change)
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| 46 Vowel Shifts | 46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shifts | — V → Vː / _{r,F[+voiced],$,#}
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| 46.11 Middle Chinese to Cantonese Vowel Shift (“The Inner-Outer Flip”) | V → Vː / _#
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