9 Austroasiatic | 9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese | bʱ {tʰ,dʱ} {t*ʰ,d*ʱ} {kʰ,ɡʱ} → pʰ t tʰ kʰ (after *kʰ *ɡʱ, only first-register tones may occur)
|
10 Austronesian | 10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga | t(ʰ) → k(ʰ)
|
11 Northeast Caucasian | 11.2 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Dargi | tɬ tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ → k {xʲː,kː} kʰ {ɡ,q}(?)
|
17 Indo-European | 17.3.1 Proto-Indo-European to Artsakh Armenian | p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
|
17.3.2 Proto-Indo-European to Erevan Armenian | p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
|
17.3.3 Proto-Indo-European to Istanbul Armenian | p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
|
17.3.4 Proto-Indo-European to Kharpert Armenian | p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
|
17.3.5 Proto-Indo-European to Sebastia Armenian | p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
|
17.3.6 Proto-Indo-European to Southeast Armenian | p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
|
17.3.7 Proto-Indo-European to Southwest Armenian | p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
|
17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greek | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → pʰ tʰ kʰ
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
|
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → pʰ tʰ kʰ
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
|
17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → pʰ tʰ kʰ
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
|
17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → pʰ tʰ kʰ
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
|
17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greek | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → pʰ tʰ kʰ
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
|
17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greek | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → pʰ tʰ kʰ
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
|
17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greek | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → pʰ tʰ kʰ
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
|
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → pʰ tʰ kʰ
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
|
17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greek | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → pʰ tʰ kʰ
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
|
17.8.10 Proto-Indo-European to Mycenaean Greek | bʱ dʱ ɡʱ → pʰ tʰ kʰ
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / _u
|
kʷ kʰʷ ɡʷ → k kʰ ɡ / u_
|
30 Niger-Congo | 30.1.1.2 Proto-Bantu to Tswana | nk k → kʰ h / _u
|
33 Penutian | 33.2.1 Proto-Wintuan to Nomlaki | tʃʰ kʰ qʰ {x,χ} → tʃ k(ʰ) {kʰ,qʰ,χ} kʰ
|
33.2.2 Proto-Wintuan to Patwin | k(ʰ) kʼ q(ʰ) qʼ → tʃ(h) tʃʼ kʰ kʼ
|
33.2.3 Proto-Wintuan to South Patwin | k(ʰ) kʼ q(ʰ) qʼ → tʃ(ʰ) tʃʼ k(ʰ) kʼ
|
34 Quechumaran | 34.2 Proto-Quechumaran to Bolivia | ph th kh qh → pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ
|
34.3 Proto-Quechumaran to Cuzco | kh qh → kʰ qʰ
|
34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba | qh → kʰ / _i ! _i{ʃ,tʃ}
|
kh → kʰ / #_{i,u}
|
χ → kʰ #_
|
36 Sino-Tibetan | 36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La | k sk kr ɡ Pɡ sɡ Nɡ (s)ɡr çK rK Kç → kʰ zɡw dr Nɡ pk sk mk (s)kr çk rɡj ɡçkr
|
çr Nç → dr mkʰj
|
36.3.2.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to lCog Rtse | (P)ɡ sɡ çK Nɡ k sk rk (s)ɡj (ʔ)kj → (p)k sk çk mk kʰ zɡ Nɡ (s)kj (ʔ)kʰj
|
Nkj (s)ɡr Kç kr skr ɡr → mɡj (s)kr ɡçkr kʰr zɡr Nɡr
|
36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta | k rk kr kj Nkj ɡr → kʰdz nɡ kʰr tʃh dʒ nkʰr
|
38 Tai-Kadai | 38.1.1.1 Proto-Tai to Ahom | ɣ → kʰ
|
k → kʰ / _r
|
xʷ Kʷ → {kʰ,x} K(ʷ)
|
38.1.1.2 Proto-Tai to Saek | {ɡ,x} → kʰ
|
38.1.1.3 Proto-Tai to Central Tai | ɡ x → k kʰ
|
kl kr → {kj,tʃ} kʰj
|
xr → kʰ{l,r}
|
38.1.1.3.3 Central Tai to Tay | ɣ → kʰ
|
38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai | x → kʰ
|
38.1.1.5.1 Southwest Tai to Lao | ɡ{l,r} → kʰ
|
ɡ ɣ → kʰ ɡ
|
38.1.1.5.2 Southwest Tai to Lü | ɡl ɡr → k kʰ
|
38.1.1.5.3 Southwest Tai to Shan | ɡl ɡr → k kʰ
|
ɡ ɣ → k kʰ
|
38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamese | ŋ ɡ ɣ → {h,ʃ} kʰ ɡ
|
39 Tanoan | 39.2 Proto-Tanoan to Kiowa | kʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ ɡʷ → k kʰ kʼ ɡ
|