Index Diachronica: involving /s/

664 results from /s/ 698 results to /s/ 251 results with context involving /s/

from /s/

664 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.1.1.1 North Omotic to Bench	s_x → ʃ
	6.1.1.2 North Omotic to Dizin	ts → tʃ / _i
	6.1.1.2 North Omotic to Dizin	s_x → tʃ
	6.1.1.3 North Omotic to Kafa	s → ʃ / !V_
	6.1.1.3 North Omotic to Kafa	{ts,ʒ} → tʃ / V_
	6.1.1.4 North Omotic to Maale	ts tsː → s ts / V_
	6.1.1.4 North Omotic to Maale	s_x → ʃ
	6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho	s → ʃ / ! V_
		{s₃,ts,ʒ} → s / _$#
		ts → ʃ / V_
	6.1.1.6 North Omotic to Wolaytta	s → s₃ / V_(V)
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	ts → s / #_
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	s_x → ʃ
	6.1.2.2 South Omotic to Dime	ts → ʃ / _i
	6.2.1.1.2 Proto-Agaw to Blin	{ts,tʃ} z dz → ʃ d dʒ
	6.2.1.1.3 Proto-Agaw to Kemantney	{ts,tʃ} dz → ʃ dʒ
	6.2.1.1.4 Proto-Agaw to Xamtanga	ts tʃ dz → sʼ tʃʼ z
	6.2.2.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Chadic	ts dz {t,ts}ʼ tʃʼ → s z sʼ ʃʼ
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	{ʃ,ts,z} dz tʃ {tʼ,tʃʼ} dʒ → s z ts tsʼ dʒ
	6.2.2.1.5 Proto-Semitic to Classical Arabic	s → {ʃ,h} / in “anaphora and certain derivational prefixes. . .[t]his is common to many other Semitic languages as well”
	6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic	{{s,z}(ˤ),ʒ}ʃ → ʃː
	6.2.2.1.14 Classical Arabic to Moroccan Arabic	s → ʃ / if ʃ is somewhere in the stem after it
7 Algonquian	7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki	sk → kː / ! _a
	7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki	ʔs ʔts → sː tsː
	7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki	ʔs ʔts → sː tsː
	7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki	sk → kː / ! _a
	7.3 Proto-Algonquian to Proto-Arapaho-Atsina	θ h {s,m,n,r} → ʃ ∅ ʔ / _C
		s → n / #_
		s → h / {V,C}_
	7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot	nθ hs → sːt sː
		{n,s} → x / _t
		ns sk → {x,s} {x,sː}
		{k(ʷ)es,keθ} → sː
		tsi → ∅ / $_OO “(before a prefix; the first obstruent of the follow[ing] cluster then becomes ʔ)
	7.5 Proto-Algonquian to Cheyenne	s → h
	7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware	t s → tʃ ʃ / in diminutives
	7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee	{s,r} → h / _O
	7.13 Proto-Algonquian to Miami-Illinois	s → ʃ / _i (not universal)
		s → ʃ / _iV
		hs hʃ → sː ʃː / sporadic, usually {#,V[+front]}_
		VNs VNʃ → V[+nas]z V[+nas]ʒ / not universal?
		s ʃ → ⁿs ⁿʃ / U[-nas] (highly sporadic)
	7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe	{θ,s,h,ʔ} → ∅ / _{p,t,tʃ,k}
	7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe	{ʔ,h}{s,r} → s
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	{h,s,tʃ,θ} → ʔ / _O
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	s → θ
8 Altaic	8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak	s → tʃ / _Vtʃ
	8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak	s → ç / _Vç
	8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha	d s {ʃ,z} → t ∅ s / V_V
	8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha	s → ∅ / #_
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen	s → h
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese	s → t(ʰ?)
10 Austronesian	10.1 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian	s ts lʲ → h t n
	10.1.2.4 Proto-Philippine to Ibanag	{s,c} → t
	10.1.2.5 Proto-Philippine to Ifugao	{s,c} → h
	10.1.2.7.1 Proto-Kalamian to Agutaynen	s → t / _V ! _E
	10.1.2.7.1 Proto-Kalamian to Agutaynen	s → t / _#
	10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananen	s → ʔ / _C
		s → t / _V ! _E
		s → t / _#
		s → c& _ (the paper doesn’t explain what this represents)
	10.1.2.7.3 Proto-Kalamian to Kalamian Tagbanwa	{t,k,q,s} → k / _C
	10.2 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Batak	{ts,ʈ} {ɟ͡ʝ,ɖ} {lʲ,ɲ} {ʔ,x,s,h} ʀ → t d n ∅ r (velar fricative is conjectured; changes → d “unsure”)
	10.2.5 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Palauan	s → t
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	s → ∅ / V_V (sporadic)
		s → ∅ / _#
		{s,c} → t / _V{s,c}V
	10.2.6.2 Proto-North Sarawak to Proto-Kenyah	s → h / _#
	10.2.6.2 Proto-North Sarawak to Proto-Kenyah	s → t / _VsVC
	10.2.6.3 Proto-Malayic to Minangkabau	— {p,t,k} s → ʔ h / _#
	10.3 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Oceanic	{nts,ns,nz,nɡʲ} {ts,z,ɡʲ} → ɡʲ s
	10.3.1 Proto-Oceanic to Hawai’ian	{s,f} → h
	10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw	s → h → ∅ (sporadic)
	10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap	s → h “(often)”
	10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàc	q {k,t} {s,ʈ} → k c t
	10.3.5.2 Proto-New Caledonia to Jawé	q k {ʈ,s} → k c t̪
	10.3.5.3 Proto-New Caledonia to Nemi-Pije-Fwai	q k {ʈ,s} → k c t̪
	10.3.5.4 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Northern	q qː k kː s sː → k kː c cː t̪ t̪ː
	10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	k t s → j c t̪
	10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	q k t s → k j c t
	10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	s → h / _i
	10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	q k {ʈ,s} → k c t̪
	10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga	q k s → k c t̪
	10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	ɣ s d → ∅ {j dr} / _#
	10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	ɣ s d → ∅ {j dr} / “before a post-tonic vowel”
	10.3.9.1 Proto-Utupua to Asuboa	dr s l → {d,ɟ} {∅,s} {n,∅}
	10.3.9.3 Proto-Utupua to Tanibili	{s,*R} → ∅
	10.3.10 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Vanikoro	{s,*R} → r / _#
	10.3.10.2 Proto-Vanikoro to Tanema	s → {s,d,c}
	10.3.10.3 Proto-Vanikoro to Vano	s → r / _#
	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	s → h / “rarely”
	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	s → θ / ! _i, occasionally
	10.3.11.2 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Erromango	s {c,*j} → h s
	10.3.11.2.1 Proto-Erromango to Sye	s → h “often”
	10.3.11.2.1 Proto-Erromango to Sye	s → ∅ / _C (occasionally blocked)
	10.3.11.2.2 Proto-Erromango to Ura	{s,t} → h / _{n,l,r}
	10.3.11.3 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Tanna	s c *J → {h,z} {s,z} z
	10.3.11.3.1 Proto-Tanna to Kwamera	s → h “irregularly”
	10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakel	s → h “irregularly”
	10.3.11.3.3 Proto-Tanna to North Tanna	{s,c} → {h,s}
	10.3.11.3.4 Proto-Tanna to Southwest Tanna	s → h “irregularly”
	10.3.11.3.5 Proto-Tanna to Whitesands	s → h “often”
	10.4.1 Proto-Micronesian to Marshallese	p {t,ts} c → pʲ tʲ rʲ
	10.4.1 Proto-Micronesian to Marshallese	{ç,s} x → tᵚ ∅
	10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan	{c,C,s,S} → c (again, possibly a change from POn-PAn, if it existed)
	10.6 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Paiwan	S₁ s c → s t ts
	10.7 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Rukai	S₁ s d₂ C → s θ ð ts (not sure what C stands for here)
11 Northeast Caucasian	11.1.1 Proto-Avar-Andic to Akhvakh	{ts,st} → tʃ
	11.1.2 Proto-Avar-Andic to Andi	{ts,st} dz → s {tsːʼ,z}
	11.1.2 Proto-Avar-Andic to Andi	stː → sː
	11.1.3 Proto-Avar-Andic to Avar	ts tsː tsʼ tsːʼ dz → sh ts tʃʼ ts(ː)ʼ tsʼ
		st(ː) → ts
		s sː ɬː x xː → {s,ʃ} x ɬ {x,h} x
	11.2 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Dargi	{tsː,st} tsːʼ dz stː → ts z tsː s
	11.3 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Khinalug	{tsː,st} {tsːʼ,dz} → ts tsʼ
	11.4 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Lak	{tsː,stː} dz st → sː {tsː,z} ts
	11.5.1 Proto-Lezgic to Agul	{ts,st} tsː tsːʼ stː dz → {s,ts} {ts,tʃ} tː s z
	11.5.2 Proto-Lezgic to Archi	{ts,st} tsː tsːʼ stː dz → s {s,ʃ} tsʼ sː ts
	11.5.3 Proto-Lezgic to Lezghi	{ts,st} tsː tsːʼ dz → {ʃ,tʃ} tʃ(ʼ) {tʃː,dʒ}
	11.5.4 Proto-Lezgic to Rutul	{ts,st} tsːʼ dz → {s,ts} {d,t} z
	11.5.5 Proto-Lezgic to Tabassaran	{ts,st} tsː tsːʼ → {s,ts} {ts,tʃ} tsː
	11.5.6 Proto-Lezgic to Udi	ts tsː tsʼ tsːʼ dz → {∅,s} tʃ {∅,tsʼ} {tsʼ,tʃʼ} z
	11.6 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Nakh	st stː → st(ʼ) st
	11.7 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Proto-Tsezic	{ts,st} {tsːʼ,dz} → s ts
	11.7 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Proto-Tsezic	s xː → z x
12 Northwest Caucasian	12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassian	ts tsː dz → {s,c} tsː dz~z
14 Elamo-Dravidian	14.1 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Proto-Dravidian	s → t / #_VLV
		s → j / V_{V,#}
		s → ∅ / #V_{r̀,l}
		s → ∅ / C_V
		s → ∅ / V_C
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.2.4 Proto-Eskimo to Wales Iñupiaq	p k q s → v ɣ ʁ z / V_V
	15.2.5 Proto-Eskimo to Kuskokwim Yup’ik	s → ts / in certain situations?
	15.2.5 Proto-Eskimo to Kuskokwim Yup’ik	s → dʒ / {i,u}_V
	15.2.6 Proto-Eskimo to Nunivak Yup’ik	s → ts / in certain situations?
	15.2.6 Proto-Eskimo to Nunivak Yup’ik	s → dʒ / {i,u}_V
	15.2.7 Proto-Eskimo to Siberian Yup’ik	s → ts → tʃ / in some dialects?
	15.2.7 Proto-Eskimo to Siberian Yup’ik	s → dʒ / {i,u}_V
	15.2.8 Proto-Eskimo to Unaaliq Yup’ik	s → ts / in certain situations?
	15.2.8 Proto-Eskimo to Unaaliq Yup’ik	s → dʒ / {i,u}_V
16 Extended West Papuan	16.1.4 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Western Sentani	s → t / #_
17 Indo-European	17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albanian	s → ɟ / #_
		s → ʃ / V{i̯,u̯,r,k}_V
		sd → θ / medial
		sḱ → h / medial
		sp → f / medial
		st → ʃt / medial
		s → θ / sometimes, involving “[d]issimilation with following vowel”
		s → h / V_V
	17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albanian	s → ɟ / #_
		s → ʃ / V{i̯,u̯,r,k}_V
		sd → θ / medial
		sḱ → h / medial
		sp → f / medial
		st → ʃt / medial
		s → θ / sometimes, involving “[d]issimilation with following vowel”
		s → h / V_V
	17.2 Proto-Indo-European to Common Anatolian	{{h₁,h₃}s,s{h₁,h₃}} → sː (contested)
	17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian	s → z / _{R,j,w} “(in Milyan, this happened after the change of ḱ to s)”
	17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian	s → h
	17.2.4 Common Anatolian to Lydian	s → ʃ / _{i,e}
	17.2.4 Common Anatolian to Lydian	s → ʃ / i_
	17.3.1 Proto-Indo-European to Artsakh Armenian	{sk,ks} kj → tsʰ tʃʰ (?)
		{sr,rs} → rː
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.2 Proto-Indo-European to Erevan Armenian	{sk,ks} kj → tsʰ tʃʰ (?)
		{sr,rs} → rː
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.3 Proto-Indo-European to Istanbul Armenian	{sk,ks} kj → tsʰ tʃʰ (?)
		{sr,rs} → rː
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.4 Proto-Indo-European to Kharpert Armenian	{sk,ks} kj → tsʰ tʃʰ (?)
		{sr,rs} → rː
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.5 Proto-Indo-European to Sebastia Armenian	{sk,ks} kj → tsʰ tʃʰ (?)
		{sr,rs} → rː
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.6 Proto-Indo-European to Southeast Armenian	{sk,ks} kj → tsʰ tʃʰ (?)
		{sr,rs} → rː
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.7 Proto-Indo-European to Southwest Armenian	{sk,ks} kj → tsʰ tʃʰ (?)
		{sr,rs} → rː
		Ns sN → s N
	17.4.1 Proto-Indo-European to Avestan	s → {s,h}
	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	“The PIE rules for the voicing of s → z, as in [nizdos] for *nisdos, are assumed to apply”
		p t k kʷ b d ɡ m n l r s → f θ x xʷ v ð ɣ M N L R h / V(#)_{R,V} (“We don’t know the exact values of lenited /m n l r/. We can guess that lenited m became a nasalized labial continuant of some sort, but beyond that, we don’t know.”)
		— s → ∅ / [anything]{l,r}_O
		— st zd → sː dː / [anything]_
		— {l,h}l {l,h}r l{p,s,n} r{p,s} ln → lː rː lː rː (lː?) / [anything]_
	17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh	st → sː (with some exceptions)
		s → ∅ / V_V
		s → ∅ / x_
	17.7 Proto-Indo-European to Common Germanic	f θ s x → β ð z ɣ “(Except initially or following IE stress)”
	17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic	s → ∅ / V[- long]r_#
		s → r / in “[t]he prep[osition]. us…before r in compounds”
		s → ∅ / in “[t]he prep[osition]. us…in compounds before st”, though this seems to have been less common
	17.7.2.1.4 Midlands Middle English to Early Modern English	tj sj dj zj → tʃ ʃ dʒ ʒ / ! _uː (perhaps only before stressed uː?)
	17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English	sj zj lj → ʃ ʒ j~ɫj / else “(j~ɫj fluctuation is formality)”
	17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots	s → ʃ / _E (E_ also?)
	17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots	s → ʂ / _{t,r}
	17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English	f θ s ɣ → v ð z ɡ / #_
	17.7.2.2 West Germanic to Old Low Franconian	xs → sː
	17.7.2.2.1 Old Low Franconian to Middle Dutch	f θ s → v ð z / syllable-initially (h → ɦ?)
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	s → ʃ / #_{l,m,n,w,p,t}
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	s → ʃ / r_
17.7.2.4 High German Cosonant Shift and Umlaut	s → ʃ / #_{p,t}
17.7.2.4 High German Cosonant Shift and Umlaut	sk → ʃ / #_
17.7.2.5 West Germanic to Old Low German	f θ s → v ð z / syllable-initially
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	{s,z} → ∅ / {r,ʀ}_N
	rː{r,ʀ} sʀ → rː sː
	ts → sː / V_V
	s → ts / {l,n}ː_
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	sk → {sk,ʃ,ks}
	s → ∅ / {t,k,r}_l
	s → ʃ / _Vr ?
17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	s → ∅ / k_l
17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	ms → ŋ(k)s
17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	ts → s
	Vns → V(ː)s (Tucker says that “[i]n a few Doric dialects the lengthening did not occur”)
17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
17.8.10 Proto-Indo-European to Mycenaean Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	ts → s
17.10 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Indo-Iranian	s → ʃ / {u,i,l,r,K,Ḱ}
17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan	s t d(ʱ) n → ʂ ʈ ɖ(ʱ) ɳ / _C̣
	ls lt ld(ʱ) ln → ʂ ʈ ɖ(ʱ) ɳ / “disputed”
	s → ʂ / _V{ʂ,ʈ,ɖ(ʱ)}
	tst dzdʱ → tː dʱː
17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan	ʂ s → s ç
17.10.1.3 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Northwestern Middle Indo-Aryan	sC → Ch
17.10.1.5 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Vedic Sanskrit	{s,ʂ} → h / _#C[- voice]
	{s,ʂ} → r / _#C[+ voice]
	sɕ ɕʂ → ɕː ʂː
17.11 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Slavic	s → x / {i,u,r,k}_
17.11 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Slavic	sj zj → ʃ ʒ
17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish	sk x → ɕtɕ ɕ / _E
	tsi ʐi → tɕ ʐ / V_
	tɕts ʑr̝ → jts jr̝
	ʈʂs → ts
	{z,s,ʂ} → ∅ / _sC
	st ʂʈʂ → z ʐ / _b
	s → ∅ / _ɫza in “słza”
	zdʲ stʲ → {ʑ,ɕ} {s,ɕ} / _n
	stʲ → ɕ / _l
	slʲ → ∅ / _s
	stʲkl → ɕtɕkl → {ɕ,s}kɫ → ʂkɫ
	dz ts → d͜z t͜s
	n → s → ɕ / k_ɛ̃ where the vowel was from Proto-Slavic
17.12 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Italic	s → z / medial (I’m assuming between vowels or when *s voiced in PIE)
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	s → z → r / V_V
	s → θ → f / #_r
	s → θ → b / _r
	s → z / _C[+voiced]
	s → z / _{N,l,r}
	s → z → l / l_
	s → z → r / r_
	{t,d}t → tst → sː
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan	sk → ʃ / V_{i,e}
	ks → ʃ / V_V
	stj → ʃ
	sj ssj jn → js jʃ ɲ / V_V
	s → z / ”V%V_V
	s → ∅ / V_V%”V
	j ɡj ts z n → tʃ i w s ∅ / _#
	k → ts → s / #_{i,e}
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French	(t)s → (d)z / V_V
	s → ∅ / _C
	{t,s} → ∅ / _#
17.12.1.1.4 Vulgar Latin to Italian	sj → dʒ
	{t,d,k,m,n,s} → ∅ / _#
	{skj,stj,sːj → ʃ
	tj ks w → ts sː ɡw
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese	rs → sː
	k → ts → s / #_{i,e}
	{fl,skl} → ʃ
	s → ʃ / V_C[-voiced]V
	s → ʒ / V_C[+voiced]V
	ks ɡn tj → ʃ ɲ {z,s} / V_V (tj → s is learned)
	dj → dz → ts → s / r_V
	ndj → nts → ns → ɲ / V_V
	sj → jʒ / V_V
	kj → ts → s / V_V
	s l → z ∅ / V_V
	sk k → jʃ z / V_{i,e}
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal	rs → sː
	p t k s → b d ɡ z / V_V (this b → v?)
	Original z (/ts/?) → dj → j
	(s)k ɡ → (s)tʃ dʒ / #_a (in the north and northeast)
	tʃ → ts → s / #_
	tʃs → {ts,tʃ} (varies)
	ms ns → mps nts (sporadic?)
	ts → s / _# (Provence, Limousin, some Languedoc and Gascon)
	s → r / _n (in a few dialects)
	l{tj,tʃj} ldʒ → lts ldz → uts udz → us uz
	{ntʃj,ndj} → nts → ns
	ptj → ts → s
	rtʃj → rts (→ rs ?)
	rtj → rts → rs
	rtj → rts → rs
	{sːj,stʃj,stj} → ʃ → is (except in the west or extreme east, where the outcome was some flavor of (i)(t)ʃ)
	sj → ʒ → (i)(d)ʒ (in some northeastern, northern, and western dialects)
	sj → ʒ → {r,z} (rare)
	sj → ʒ → iz (the usual outcome)
	tːj → ts → s
	stʃ → s (in some northern and northeastern dialects)
	stʃ → (i)(t)ʃ (for western and extreme eastern regions)
	stʃ → is (otherwise)
	stɡ → s{ɡ,dʒ}
	βtʃ → u{ts,dz} → u{s,z}
	ktʃ → its → is (else)
	ksk → stʃ / _a (in the north and northeast)
	ks → ʃ → s / _m
17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanian	{m,n,s} → ∅ / _# in polysyllables
	m s → n i / _#
	s → i / #(C…)V_#
	{s,t} → ∅ / _#
	t d s → ts dz ʃ / _i
	{sc,st} → ʃt / _F
	s → ʃ / _kl
	{sj,stj,sːj} → ʃ
17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian	{p,k}s → sː
17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian	sk → sː
17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	{tj,kj} {tːj,kːj,ptj,ktj,skj} → ts tːs
	pt {ɾs,ps} → tː sː
	ns → s (with a few exceptions)
	jt js → tʃ ʃ
	p t k s ts → b d ɡ z dz / V_V
	pː tː kː sː tːs ʝː → p t k s ts ʝ
	sj → js / V_
	— tst dzd → ts dz
	— mpVt skVp spVt stVk → nt sp st sk
	ts dz → s̪ z̪
	{s̪,s} → /s/ [s̪] “(merged as)”
	{s̪,s} → h / _$
	{s̪,s} → h “(in all environments)”
	{s̪,s} → θ [θ] “(merged as)”
	s → ɾ / _θ
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian	p {ts,k(ʷ)} m n l r y → pj sʲ ʂ mj ɲ lj rj wj / _{E(:),y}
	oː(s,y) oːn → u {u,õ}
	s → sʲ / _tʲ
17.13.1 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian A	s → ʂ / _t
17.13.2 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian B	s → ∅ / n_#
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.3.1 Proto-Tuparí to Makuráp	ts (n)dz → t nd
	18.3.2 Proto-Tuparí to Mekens	ts (n)dz → {s,ts} s
	18.3.3 Proto-Tuparí to Tuparí	{(n)dz,ts} → s / _i
	18.3.3 Proto-Tuparí to Tuparí	{(n)dz,ts} → t / else
	18.3.4 Proto-Tuparí to Wayoró	ts (n)dz → t nd
	18.4.1 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Akwára	ts → {h,∅}
	18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama	ʔ ts ŋ → ∅ {ts,tʃ} n
	18.4.3 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guajajara	ts → {h,∅}
	18.4.4 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guaraní	ts → {tʃ,∅}
	18.4.5 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guarayo	ʔ ts → {ʔ,∅} {ts,tʃ}
	18.4.6 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Kamayurá	ts → {h,j,∅}
	18.4.7 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Parintintín	ts → {h,∅}
	18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó	ʔ ts → ∅ {s,ʃ}
	18.4.9 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Classical Tupi	ts → {s,ʃ}
	18.4.10 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Urubu	ts → {s,h}
20 Khoisan	20.1.1 Proto-Khoe to Ç̬Ana	ts → {ts~tsʰ,ts,s}
	20.1.2 Proto-Khoe to ÇAni	ts → {ts,s}
	20.1.3 Proto-Khoe to Buga	ts → {ts~tsʰ,ts,s}
	20.1.4 Proto-Khoe to Kxoe	ts dz → {ç,tç} dʒ
	20.1.5 Proto-Khoe to Nama	ts dz kxʼ → {ts,s} d ∅
	20.1.6 Proto-Khoe to Naro	ts dz → {ts~tsʰ,ts,s} dz~ts
	20.1.7 Proto-Khoe to !Ora	ts → {ts,s}
	20.1.8 Proto-Khoe to Teti	ts dz kxʼ → {ts~tsʰ,ts,s} z kʼ
	20.1.9 Proto-Khoe to TsÊixa	ts dz kxʼ → {ts~tsʰ,ts,s} z kʼ
	20.1.10 Proto-Khoe to Ç̬Ui	ts → {ts~tsɦ,s}
	20.2.1 Proto-Kx’a to ÇHoan	t d s → {c,tʃ} ɟ ʃ
	20.2.2 Proto-Kx’a to Northwestern !Xun	ts(ʼ) s → tʃ(ʼ) ʃ
	20.2.3 Proto-Kx’a to Southeastern !Xun	ts(ʼ) s → tʃ(ʼ) ʃ
21 Lakes Plain	21.2.1.1 Proto-Central Tariku to Edopi	s → s~t
22 Macro-Arawakan	22.2 Proto-Arawá to Banawá-Jamamadi	{ts(ʰ),tʃ} dz → s ɟ
	22.4 Proto-Arawá to Jarawara	{ts(ʰ),tʃ} → s
	22.6 Proto-Arawá to Sorowahá	ts(ʰ) → s
	22.7 Proto-Arawá to Paumarí	ts(ʰ) → s
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1.1.1 Proto-Chibchan to Arhuaco	s → kh / _(V)k
		s d → z r / _(V)j
		ts h → s ∅
	23.1.1.1.2 Proto-Chibchan to Chibcha	Vs → h / n_
		s → h / V_V
		ts → {s,z}
	23.1.1.1.3 Proto-Chibchan to Kogi	s → ∅ / #_
		s → {ʃ,tʃ} / _i
		s → h / _Vn
		nVs dVs → n(V(s)) ʒ(Vʒ)
		s h → {s,tʃ} {h,∅}
	23.1.1.1.4 Proto-Chibchan to Marocacero	s → {ts,ʃ} / _i
		s → {s,ts}
		d(V)j s(V)j → lʲ dʒ
	23.1.1.1.5 Proto-Chibchan to Motilón	s → {s,x,tʃ~ʃ}
		s → {ʃ,tʃ} / _i
		s → x / i_
		s(V)d → dʲ
	23.1.1.1.6 Proto-Chibchan to Tunebo	{d(V)s,n(V)j} n(V)s → r {VsV,r}
		s → h / _(V)C
		ts tʃ → tʃ s
	23.1.2 Proto-Lenmichian to Proto-Lencan	{s,ts} → tsʼ
	23.1.3 Proto-Lenmichian to Proto-Misumalpan	ts → s
25 Macro-Panoan	25.1.2 Proto-Tacanan to Chama	s ɕ → ð h
25 Macro-Panoan	25.1.3 Proto-Tacanan to Reyesano	ts → tʃ / #_
28 Muskogean	28.1.1 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Alabama	ts x → s h / _C
	28.1.4 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Korasati	ts → s / _C
	28.2 Proto-Muskogean to Proto-Western Muskogean	ts tʃ → s ts
		s → ʃ
		tl st → lː tː
29 Na-Dene	29.1 Proto-Na-Dene to Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak	{s,ʃ} → ∅ / _x
	29.1.1 Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak to Proto-Athabaskan	{s,dz} → {s,z}
	29.1.1.1.9 Proto-Athabaskan to Dogrib	ts tsʰ tsʼ s z → kʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ ʍ w
	29.1.1.1.20 Proto-Southern Athabaskan to Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan	{s,z}(ʔ) {ʃ,ʒ}(ʔ) {ɬ,ɮ}(ʔ) → s ʃ ɬ / _#
	29.1.1.1.25 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Chiricahua	{s,z}(ʔ) {ʃ,ʒ}(ʔ) {ɬ,ɮ}(ʔ) → s ʃ ɬ / _#
	29.1.1.1.27 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Navajo	{s,z}(ʔ) {ʃ,ʒ}(ʔ) {ɬ,ɮ}(ʔ) → s ʃ ɬ / _#
	29.1.1.1.28 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to San Carlos	{s,z}(ʔ) {ʃ,ʒ}(ʔ) {ɬ,ɮ}(ʔ) → s ʃ ɬ / _#
	29.1.1.1.29 Proto-Athabaskan to Bearlake Slavey-Hare	ts tsʰ tsʼ s z → kʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ ʍ w
	29.1.1.1.30 Proto-Athabaskan to Hare Slavey-Hare	ts tsʰ tsʼ {s,z} → {kʷ,p} f wˀ w
	29.1.1.1.31 Proto-Athabaskan to Mountain Slavey-Hare	ts tsʰ tsʼ s z → p pʰ pʼ f v
	29.1.2 Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak to Eyak	s → ∅ / _x
	29.2 Proto-Na-Dene to Tlingit	s → s : ɬ
	29.2 Proto-Na-Dene to Tlingit	ts → ts : tɬ
30 Niger-Congo	30.3.1.1.3 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Fon	{ts,tʰ} {dz,dʱ} → s z
	30.3.1.1.4 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Gen	ts dz → s z
	30.3.1.1.5 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Phla-Pherá	{ts,tʰ} {dz,dʱ} → s z
	30.3.1.1.8 Proto-Vhe to Adángbe	ts dz → s z
	30.3.1.1.9 Proto-Vhe to Avéno	k ɡ s → ts dz ʃ / _i
	30.3.1.1.10 Proto-Vhe to Awalan	s {k,ts} {ɡ,dz} → ʃ tʃ dʒ / _i
	30.3.1.1.12 Proto-Vhe to Pecı́	{k,ts} {ɡ,dz} → tʃ dʒ / _i
	30.3.1.1.14 Proto-Vhe to Wacı́	{k,ts} {ɡ,dz} → tʃ dʒ / _i
32 Oto-Manguean	32.1.1 Proto-Chatino to Papabuco Chatino	s → tʃ (in certain cases? Not a lot of data available on this one)
	32.1.2 Proto-Chatino to Tataltepec Chatino	s → ʃ / E_ (? Not a lot of data available on this one)
	32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatino	ts → tʃ / #_{a,õ}ʔ
		ts → tʃ / V[+high]_
		ts → ʃ / #_ẽ
		s → ʃ / V_V
		s → ʃ / if /l/ is present in the same syllable
		s → tʃ / #_a
	32.2 Proto-Oto-Manguean to Tlapanec	Yt Ynt Ys → tʃ dʒ ʃ
	32.2 Proto-Oto-Manguean to Tlapanec	{ns,nt} nkʷ nj nw → (n)d (m)b r m
33 Penutian	33.3.2 Buena Vista Yokuts to Proto-Nim-Yokuts	s → ʃ
	33.3.2 Buena Vista Yokuts to Proto-Nim-Yokuts	ts tsʰ tsʼ → tʃ tʃʰ tʃʼ
	33.3.3 Proto-Yokuts to Palewyami	s → ʃ / _i
	33.3.3 Proto-Yokuts to Palewyami	ts tsʰ tsʼ → tʃ tʃʰ tʃʼ / _i
34 Quechumaran	34.1 Proto-Quechumaran to Ayachuco	ts(h) tʃh → tʃ s
	34.2 Proto-Quechumaran to Bolivia	ts {tsh,tʃh} → tʃ tʃʰ
	34.3 Proto-Quechumaran to Cuzco	ts tsh → tʃ tʃʰ
	34.4 Proto-Quechumaran to Huarás	ts(h) tʃ → tʃ ts
	34.6 Proto-Quechumaran to Quito	ts → dz / ! #_
	34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba	k ts → ɡ dz / n_
	34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba	s → ʃ / _C[+alveolar]
	34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiago	ts(h) → tʃ
35 Salishan	35.1.1 Proto-Central Salish to Comox	ts(ʼ) → θ(ʼ)
		s → ∅ / #_C
		s → ∅ / #_{wa,wi}
	35.1.2 Proto-Central Salish to Chilliwack Halkomelem	ts(ʼ) tʃ(ʼ) → θ(ʼ) ts(ʼ)
	35.1.3 Proto-Central Salish to Cowichan Halkomelem	ts(ʼ) tʃ(ʼ) → θ(ʼ) ts(ʼ)
	35.1.3 Proto-Central Salish to Cowichan Halkomelem	s → ʃ / _xʷ
	35.1.4 Proto-Central Salish to Musqueam Halkomelem	ts(ʼ) tʃ(ʼ) → θ(ʼ) ts(ʼ)
	35.1.6 Proto-Central Salish to Lushootseed	s → {ʃ,s} / _xʷ
	35.1.7 Proto-Central Salish to Nooksack	s → {s,ʃ} / _xʷ
	35.1.7 Proto-Central Salish to Nooksack	s → ʃ / #_{xʲ,w{i,a},qʷa}
	35.1.8 Proto-Central Salish to Lummi Northern Straits	ts → s
	35.1.8 Proto-Central Salish to Lummi Northern Straits	s → ʃ / _xʷ
	35.1.9 Proto-Central Salish to Saanich Northern Straits	ts ts’ → {θ,s} θ’
	35.1.9 Proto-Central Salish to Saanich Northern Straits	s → {ʃ,s} / _xʷ
	35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern Straits	ts → s
	35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern Straits	s → {ʃ,s} / _xʷ
	35.1.11 Proto-Central Salish to Sooke Northern Straits	ts → s
	35.1.12 Proto-Central Salish to Pentlatch	ts ts’ → s ts’
	35.1.15 Proto-Central Salish to Twana	s → {ʃ,s} / _xʷ
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1 Proto-Sino-Tibetan to Middle Chinese	s(-)r → ʂ-
	36.1 Proto-Sino-Tibetan to Middle Chinese	s-l- → {tʰ,z}-
	36.3.1.1 Proto-Naish to Laze	{r,s}p(ʰ) {r,s}{Np,(m)b} → f v / _V (the paper implies similar developments occurred at other POAs)
		{r,s}k {r,s}Nk → f w / _V
		{r,s}l {r,s}n → l̥ N̥ / %_V
	36.3.1.2 Proto-Naish to Mosuo (Na)	{r,s}pʰ {r,s}{(N)p,(m)b} → pʰ p b / _V (the paper implies similar developments occurred with stops at other POAs)
	36.3.1.2 Proto-Naish to Mosuo (Na)	{r,s}k {r,s}Nk → k ʁ / _V
	36.3.1.3 Proto-Naish to Naxi	{r,s}pʰ {r,s}(N)p {r,s}b {r,s}mb → pʰ p b mb / _V (the paper implies similar developments occurred with stops at other POAs)
		{r,s}(N)k → k / _V
		{r,s} → ∅ / %_V
		{r,s}N → N̥ → hṼ → hV
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	p b çp çb sP rP Np Nb pr {br,pj} bj → pʰ p ʝb çp sp rpʰ mpʰ mb br pʰj pj
		t d Nt Nd st sd çT tr (ç)dr KT → tʰ t Ntʰ md zd st çtj trh (ç)tr kt
		k sk kr ɡ Pɡ sɡ Nɡ (s)ɡr çK rK Kç → kʰ zɡw dr Nɡ pk sk mk (s)kr çk rɡj ɡçkr
		(ʔ)kj (s)ɡj Nkj → (k)tç (s)kj Ndʒ
		NTS PTS KTS sTS çTS → {Ndz,mts} kts(ʰ) ptsʰ sts {sts,rj}
		(r)ts (r)dz → (r)tsʰ (r)ts
	36.3.2.1.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Chos Kia	t st tr d sd (ç)dr Nt çT KT → t. s.d tr. t s.t (ç.)tr m.t. n.dr ɡ.t
		sk rK → j sɡ
		kj Nkj ʔkj ɡj sɡj → kj. nj ɡ.tsʰ kj skj.
		kr (s)ɡr → n.br (s)kr
		Kts → ɡ.tsʰ.
		ts (r)dz dʒ PTS KTS sTS çTS → {tsʰ,s} (r)ts tsʰ ɡ.ts s.{ts,pj} {s.ts,br}
		s → ∅ / u_
	36.3.2.1.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Hanniu	p k ts → p. k. tʃ.
	36.3.2.1.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Hanniu	an {at.is} → o ie
	36.3.2.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Kham To	Nkj ɡj sɡj → mj ts stʃj
		sɡr → skr
		ts {dz,KTS} NTS rdz dzl dʒ → s ts {dz,mtʃ.} rts tsl tʃ.
	36.3.2.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to lCog Rtse	(N)p Nb sP çp çb pr br {p,b}j → (m)pʰ (m)p sp ʝb çp br pʰj pʰj
		(N)t (N)d st sd KT çT tr dr çtr → (N)tʰ mt zd st kt çt(j) trh tr çtr
		(P)ɡ sɡ çK Nɡ k sk rk (s)ɡj (ʔ)kj → (p)k sk çk mk kʰ zɡ Nɡ (s)kj (ʔ)kʰj
		Nkj (s)ɡr Kç kr skr ɡr → mɡj (s)kr ɡçkr kʰr zɡr Nɡr
		ts (r)dz dzl dʒ NTS PTS Kts KTS sTS çTS → tsʰ (r)ts Ndz tsl ts ptç ktç kts sts {s,ç}ts
	36.3.2.2.3 Proto-rGyalrongic to Pati	ts dʒ NTS → {s,tʃ.} tʃ. m
		s → ʃ / _n
		im it ik is ij → em u e es e
	36.3.2.2.4 Proto-rGyalrongic to Suo Mo	{p,b} Np pr {s,r}P çb Nb → p mp mbr sp ʃp p.s
		rs → sr
		lts rts NTS PTS STS → lɖʐ rts. {mdzr,mtʃ} nt. sts
		ts dʒ → tʃ. tʃ
		es er → or ər
	36.3.2.2.6 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tsa Ku Nao	k {sɡ,çK} Nɡ rK → k. sk mɡ nk
		ts dz NTS KTS sTS → tʃ ts {ts,m} ɡts sp
		s → ʂ / _n
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	{d,KT} st → tʃ zdʒ
		ts dz rdz dʒ → {ʈʂ,ʒ} tsj rtsʰ ʈʂ
		s → ∅ / u_
	36.3.2.2.8 Proto-rGyalrongic to Wassu	ts dzl NTS → {tʃ.,j} tsl m
		s → ʃ / _n
		is → eu
	36.3.3.1 Old Tibetan to Amdo dialects	{d,ɡ,s,l,r} → {h,r} / #_
		sr → ʂ / #_
		s → either i or a diphthong ending in i? / _#
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	tsn → hst
		s → ∅ / #h_V
		ts → s / h_
		ks → ts / _V
		t ts k kʷ → d dz ɡ ɡʷ / _V
	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	ts → hs / V_ ! _{h,i,j,r}
		ts → s / ! _{h,i,j,r}
		ns → ts / _k(ʷ)
		ths → tsh
	37.1.2.1.1 Cayuga to Upper Cayuga	s → f / h_r
		ts → s / _(h)r
		s → ʃ / _{r,j}
	37.1.2.1.2 Cayuga to Lower Cayuga	ts → t / _(h)r
		tʔ tsʔ kʔ kʷʔ → tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ
		s → ʃ / _{r,j}
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	s → ʃ / ! _{n,t,k(ʷ),w} “or when part of the affricate /ts/”
		ts → ʃ / _r
		ts → s / ! _{i,j}
		n hn sC → t th Ch / s_
	37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga	s → ʃ / ! n_ “or when part of the unit affricate /ts/”
		ts → hs / V_V ! _i
		ts → s / ! _{h,i,j}
		ns → ts / _k(ʷ)
		hs → sh / C_
		hts → tsh / C_V
		ts → tʃ / _{(h)i,(h)j}
		s → ʃ / _{hi,hj}
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	ts → hs / V_{t,k(ʷ)}
		ts → s / ! _{h,i,j}
		ns → ts / _{t,k(ʷ)}
	37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk	— ts → tʃ / _{(h)i,(h)j}
		— s → ʃ / _(h)j
		— s → z / {#,V}_{V,R} ! R = j
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	ths → tsh
		hs → sh / _{n,w}
		ts → tʃ / _{(h)i,(h)j}
		s → ʃ / _(h)j
		s → z / {#,V}_{V,R}
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	ts → s / ! _{i,j}
		{ths,tts} → tsh
		— s → ʃ / _j
	37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora	ts → tʃ / _{h,i,j}
		ths → tʃ
		ts → θ
	37.2 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Siouan	s → ∅ / h_
	37.2.2 Proto-Siouan to Dakota	s → z / in U[-stress]
	37.2.2 Proto-Siouan to Dakota	s → z / V_V
	37.2.3 Proto-Siouan to Mandan	s → ʃ
		sn → {ʃV₀nV₀,sV₀rV₀}
		sk → ʃ / _”V
	37.2.4 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago	tʲ s → ʒ z / in U[-stress]
	37.2.4.1 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Čiwere	s z → θ ð (sporadic)
	37.2.4.1 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Čiwere	sr → {θl,ʃl}
	37.2.4.2 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Winnebago	pr {sr,xr} sn km → pV₀rV₀ ʃV₀rV₀ sV₀nV₀ kV₀wV₀
	37.2.5 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Crow-Hidatsa	s ç {tʲ,x} → ts x ʃ
	37.2.5.1 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Crow	sk → tsk / _”V
	37.2.5.2 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Hidatsa	sn → tsV₀rV₀
		sk → tsuk / _”u
		sk kx → tsk hk / _”V
		sk → hts / ”V_
	37.2.6 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Dhegiha	t tʲ s → d ʒ z / in U[-stress]
	37.2.6 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Dhegiha	s → z / V_V
	37.2.6.2 Proto-Dhegiha to Omaha-Ponca	pr sr tʲr kr → bθ sn ʃn ɡθ
	37.2.6.3 Proto-Dhegiha to Osage	s → θ
pr sr tʲr kr → bð sts ʃd ɡð
sn mt → hn d
37.2.7.2 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Ofo	s {ç,x} → f s
	sr kr → ft kV₀lV₀
	sk → f / ”V_
37.2.7.3 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Tutelo	sn → sV₀nV₀
37.2.7.3 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Tutelo	s → ʃ / ”V_k
38 Tai-Kadai	38.1.1.3.1 Central Tai to Lungchow	{r,s,z} tʃʰ dʒ → ɬ ʃ tʃ
	38.1.1.3.3 Central Tai to Tay	{s,z} → {x,tʰ}
	38.1.1.3.5 Central Tai to T’ien-Pao	{s,z} → t
	38.1.1.4.2 North Tai to Po-Ai	s → ɬ
	38.1.1.4.3 North Tai to Wu-Ming	s → θ
	38.1.1.5.3 Southwest Tai to Shan	ts → sʲ
39 Tanoan	39.1 Proto-Tanoan to Jimez	ts dz → s z
	39.1 Proto-Tanoan to Jimez	s → c
	39.2 Proto-Tanoan to Kiowa	ts tsʰ tsʼ dz → t tʰ tʼ d
	39.3 Proto-Tanoan to Taos	s → ɬ
	39.3 Proto-Tanoan to Taos	ts tsʰ tsʼ dz → tʃ s tʃʼ j
41 Trans-New Guinea	41.2 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Asmat	k s → ∅ {t,s} / #_
	41.8 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kiwai	s → {s,t} / #_ (?)
	41.9 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Selepet	ᵐb ⁿd s → b {s,t} {t,s} / #_
	41.9 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Selepet	t ᵐb nj s → r {b,p} ⁿd {s,d} / V_V
	41.10 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Telefol	s → s / #_ (?)
42 Uralic	42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic	s → x / _l
	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	p t ts s k → b d s z ɡ
		{kt,pt} {kts,pts} → tː tːs
		(t(ː))sn kx(tx) rn ln → sː xː rː lː
		{ks,nts} nt → s t / _#
		ts tsˑ tsː → s θˑ θː
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	sn → ns
	42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian	t ts s(C) n l r → tʲ tsʲ sʲ(C) nʲ lʲ rʲ / _i
		ts(ʲ) → s(ʲ) / ! n_
		p t(ʲ) s(ʲ) k → b d(ʲ) z(ʲ) ɡ / ! #_ or adjacent to C[-voice]
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.1 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Comanche	p t ts s → v r ∅ h
	43.1 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Comanche	s → ∅ / V_n_
	43.3 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Luiseño	ts → tʃ
	43.3 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Luiseño	s → ʃ
	43.4 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Nahuatl	s ts → ʃ tʃ / _i
	43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisu	ts → z / V_V
	43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisu	hts → z / V_i
	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	ts → s / _i
	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	s ŋ → h n
44 Vasconic	44.1 Proto-Vasconic to Aquitanian	s → ʃ / i_#
45 Yuman-Cochimı́	45.1.1 Proto-Pai to Chapai	s → ʂ
46 Vowel Shifts	46.10 Late Proto-Finnic to Savonian Vowel Shift	li ni ri si → lʲi nʲi rʲi sʲi
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes	47.1 List 1: Simple Consonant Changes	ts → t (unconditional; some Samoyedic langs)

to /s/

698 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.1.1.1 North Omotic to Bench	tʃ → ts
	6.1.1.2 North Omotic to Dizin	ʒ → {tʃ,ts}
	6.1.1.3 North Omotic to Kafa	s₃ → s / V_$#
	6.1.1.4 North Omotic to Maale	z → ts / Vj_
		ts tsː → s ts / V_
		tsʼ → s / V_
	6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho	{s₃,ts,ʒ} → s / _$#
		s₃ → s / V_$#
		s₂ → {s,tʃː} / V_
	6.1.1.6 North Omotic to Wolaytta	s₂ → s / V_
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	tʃ ʒ → ʔj s
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	ts → s / #_
	6.1.1.8 North Omotic to Zayse-Zergulla	z → ts / Vj_
		tsː → ts / V_
		tsʼ → {tʃʼ,s}
	6.1.2.1 South Omotic to Aari	tʃ → ts
	6.1.2.2 South Omotic to Dime	tʃ → ts
	6.2 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Erythrean	tʃ dʒ → ts dz
	6.2.2.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Chadic	ts dz {t,ts}ʼ tʃʼ → s z sʼ ʃʼ
	6.2.2.1.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Boreafrasian	sʼ → s
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	ɬ → s / #_VC
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	{ʃ,ts,z} dz tʃ {tʼ,tʃʼ} dʒ → s z ts tsʼ dʒ
	6.2.2.1.5 Proto-Semitic to Classical Arabic	ʃ → s
	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	tˤ sˤ → s t
	6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic	θ ð → s z
	6.2.2.1.14 Classical Arabic to Moroccan Arabic	t → t͜s / plain t only, distinguishable from the sequence ts
	6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew	θ θˤ ð ɬ ɬˤ → ʃ ʃˤ z s sˤ
	6.2.2.1.19 Biblical Hebrew to Modern Israeli Hebrew	sˤ tˤ ħ q → s t χ k
7 Algonquian	7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki	θ → s / _k
	7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki	ʃ tʃ → s ts
	7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki	θ → s / _k
	7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki	ʃ tʃ → s ts
	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	ʃ k m → s tʃ b / _{E,j}
	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	ʃ k m → s tʃ b / E_#
	7.3.2 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Gros Ventre	ʃ {θ,t} m k → s ts tʲ bʲ / _{i(ː),j,#}
	7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot	j → s / ! C_
		{ʃ,tʃ} → s / #_
		nr → s
		ns sk → {x,s} {x,sː}
		∅ → s / {i(ː),#e}_t
		t → ts / _{i,e(ː),a}
		∅ → s / k_i(ː)
		j → s
	7.5 Proto-Algonquian to Cheyenne	ʃ tʃ → {ʃ,x} s
	7.6 Proto-Algonquian to Northern East Cree	ʃjeː → seː
		(t)ʃp → sp
		{q,ʃ} → s / _t
		θ → s / _k
		{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → s {h,j,hj}
	7.7 Proto-Algonquian to Southern East Cree	(t)ʃp → sp
		{q,ʃ} → s / _t
		θ → s / _k
		ʃ → {ʃ,s} / in inland varieties; remains /ʃ/ in coastal varieties
		tʃ → ts
	7.8 Proto-Algonquian to Plains Cree	ʃjeː → seː
		(t)ʃp → sp
		{q,ʃ} → s / _t
		θ → s / _k
		{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → s {h,j,hj}
		ʃ tʃ → s ts
	7.9 Proto-Algonquian to Swampy Cree	(t)ʃp → sp
		{q,ʃ} → s / _t
		θ → s / _k
		ʃ → s / in West Swampy Cree (remains /ʃ/ in East Swampy Cree)
		tʃ → ts
	7.10 Proto-Algonquian to Woods Cree	(t)ʃp → sp
		{q,ʃ} → s / _t
		θ → s / _k
		l → s / _k
		{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → s {h,j,hj}
		ʃ tʃ → s ts
	7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware	θ ʃ x → x s h / _{p,k}
	7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee	θ → s / _O
	7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee	ʃ tʃ → s ts
	7.13 Proto-Algonquian to Miami-Illinois	{ʔ,h}{ɬ,l} → hs
	7.13 Proto-Algonquian to Miami-Illinois	s ʃ → ⁿs ⁿʃ / U[-nas] (highly sporadic)
	7.14 Proto-Algonquian to Mi’kmaq	n{θ,l} h{θ,ʃ} → ∅ s
		ʔ{θ,ʃ} ʔl → s ∅
		ʃ → s
	7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe	{ʔ,h}{s,r} → s
	7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe	r → s / _k
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	r → s / H_
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	ʃ → s “(for many speakers)”
8 Altaic	8.1 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Japonic	tʃ → s / maybe ! _#?
		{ʃ,z} → s
		l lʲ → r s / else
	8.2 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Korean	{ʃ,z} → s
	8.3 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Mongolic	z → s
	8.3 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Mongolic	ʃ → s / else
	8.4 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Tungusic	z → s
	8.5 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Turkic	ʃ → s
	8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha	d s {ʃ,z} → t ∅ s / V_V
	8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha	j → s (possibly only initially?)
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen	cʰ → s
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.2.1 Middle Vietnamese to Hanoi Vietnamese	Ω cʰ → s tɕ
10 Austronesian	10.1.2 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Philippine	c → s
	10.1.2.7.1 Proto-Kalamian to Agutaynen	t → s / _i
	10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananen	t → s / _i
	10.1.2.8 Proto-Philippine to Kankanay	c → s
	10.1.2.10 Proto-Philippine to Waray	*c → s
	10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro	p c q → f s ʔ
	10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro	b dz → p ts
	10.2.5 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Palauan	ʀ → s
		ɟ → s
		t → {s,ð} / “unpredictably, to eliminate sV(C)t and tV(C)s sequences”
	10.2.6 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-North Sarawak	c → s
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	bʱ {dʱ,dzʱ} ɡʱ → f s k
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	f → s
	10.3 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Oceanic	{nts,ns,nz,nɡʲ} {ts,z,ɡʲ} → ɡʲ s
	10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw	p pʷ {c,*j} k q → β βʷ s ɣ ∅
	10.3.3 Proto-Oceanic to Lemerig	{c,*j} ɲ → s n
	10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap	{c,*j} → s
	10.3.5 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-New Caledonia	c → s
	10.3.5.2 Proto-New Caledonia to Jawé	t̪ t̪ʰ t tʰ → t tʰ c s
	10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	pː pwː tː ʈ kː cː → f hʷ tʰ lʰ h s
	10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	jʰ j → s z
	10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	pː pwː t̪ː tː kː cː → pʰ xʷ t̪ʰ tʰ x s
	10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	ɲ c *j → n s z
		t → ts / _V[+ high]
		z → s
	10.3.8 Proto-Oceanic to Tolomako	ɲ c *j → n s z
	10.3.8 Proto-Oceanic to Tolomako	{z,dr} → ts
	10.3.9.1 Proto-Utupua to Asuboa	dr s l → {d,ɟ} {∅,s} {n,∅}
		t r l → {j,s} {j,∅} j / _u
		t → s / _i
		k → {∅,s} / _#
	10.3.9.3 Proto-Utupua to Tanibili	p t {r,l} → ∅ s j / _u
	10.3.9.3 Proto-Utupua to Tanibili	d c ɲ → ɟ {s,∅} n
	10.3.10.1 Proto-Vanikoro to Buma	p t → ∅ {s,k} / _u
	10.3.10.2 Proto-Vanikoro to Tanema	t → s / _u
	10.3.10.2 Proto-Vanikoro to Tanema	s → {s,d,c}
	10.3.10.3 Proto-Vanikoro to Vano	t → s / _{u,i}
	10.3.11 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Southern Vanuatu	c → s
	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	t → s / _#
	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	d {c,*j} → tʃ s
	10.3.11.2 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Erromango	s {c,*j} → h s
	10.3.11.3 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Tanna	s c *J → {h,z} {s,z} z
	10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakel	c *j → s {z,s}
	10.3.11.3.3 Proto-Tanna to North Tanna	{s,c} → {h,s}
	10.3.11.3.4 Proto-Tanna to Southwest Tanna	{c,*j} → s
	10.3.11.3.5 Proto-Tanna to Whitesands	c *j → s {z,s}
	10.3.12 Proto-Oceanic to Vera’a	{c,*j} ɲ → s n
	10.6 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Paiwan	S₁ s c → s t ts
	10.7 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Rukai	S₁ s d₂ C → s θ ð ts (not sure what C stands for here)
11 Northeast Caucasian	11.1.2 Proto-Avar-Andic to Andi	{ts,st} dz → s {tsːʼ,z}
	11.1.3 Proto-Avar-Andic to Avar	ts tsː tsʼ tsːʼ dz → sh ts tʃʼ ts(ː)ʼ tsʼ
		st(ː) → ts
		tʃ tʃː tʃːʼ dʒ → ts(?) tʃ tʃ(ː)ʼ tsʼ
		s sː ɬː x xː → {s,ʃ} x ɬ {x,h} x
	11.2 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Dargi	{tsː,st} tsːʼ dz stː → ts z tsː s
		tʃ tʃː dʒ → {tsʼ,tʃʼ} ʒ ts
		ʃ ʃː ɬ ɬː → {s,ʃ} ʃ xʲ {xʲ,ʃ}
	11.3 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Khinalug	{tsː,st} {tsːʼ,dz} → ts tsʼ
	11.4 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Lak	{tsː,stː} dz st → sː {tsː,z} ts
		tʃ tʃː dʒ → {ts,tʃ} {tsʼ,tʃʼ} tʃ(ː)ʼ
		ʃ ɬ ɬː → s {xʲ,ʃ} xː
	11.5.1 Proto-Lezgic to Agul	{ts,st} tsː tsːʼ stː dz → {s,ts} {ts,tʃ} tː s z
	11.5.2 Proto-Lezgic to Archi	{ts,st} tsː tsːʼ stː dz → s {s,ʃ} tsʼ sː ts
	11.5.4 Proto-Lezgic to Rutul	{ts,st} tsːʼ dz → {s,ts} {d,t} z
	11.5.5 Proto-Lezgic to Tabassaran	{ts,st} tsː tsːʼ → {s,ts} {ts,tʃ} tsː
	11.5.6 Proto-Lezgic to Udi	ts tsː tsʼ tsːʼ dz → {∅,s} tʃ {∅,tsʼ} {tsʼ,tʃʼ} z
	11.6 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Nakh	st stː → st(ʼ) st
	11.6 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Nakh	tsː tʃː → ts tʃ / #_
	11.7 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Proto-Tsezic	{ts,st} {tsːʼ,dz} → s ts
	11.7.2 Proto-Tsezic to Tsez	tsː tɬː → s ɬ
	11.7.2 Proto-Tsezic to Tsez	sː ʃ ʃː ɬ ɬː x → s ʒ ʃ l ɬ ɣ
12 Northwest Caucasian	12.1 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Abazgi	tɬ tɬː tɬʼ dɮ → x ts {x,tsʼ} l
	12.1.1 Proto-Abazgi to Ashkharywa Abaza	tʃʷ(ʼ) tɕ(ʼ) dʒʷ dʑ → f(ʼ) ts(ʼ) v dz
	12.1.1 Proto-Abazgi to Ashkharywa Abaza	ɕ ʑ → s z
	12.1.2 Proto-Abazgi to Tapanta Abaza	{tʃʷ(ʼ),tɕ} {dʒʷ,dʑ} → ts(ʼ) dz
	12.1.2 Proto-Abazgi to Tapanta Abaza	ɕ ʑ → s z
	12.1.3 Proto-Abazgi to Ahchypsy Abkhaz	tʃʷ tʃʷʼ dʒʷ tɕ(ʼ) dʑ → f pʼ ts(ʼ) v dz
	12.1.3 Proto-Abazgi to Ahchypsy Abkhaz	ɕ ʑ → s z
	12.1.5 Proto-Abazgi to Abzhywa Proper	tʃʷ(ʼ) tɕ(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) dʒʷ dʑ dʑʷ → f(ʼ) ts(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) v dz dʑ
	12.1.5 Proto-Abazgi to Abzhywa Proper	ɕ ɕʷ ʑ ʑʷ → s ʃʷ z ʒʷ
	12.1.6 Proto-Abazgi to Tsabal Abzhywa	tʃʷ tʃʷʼ tɕ(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) dʒʷ dʑ dʑʷ → f pʼ ts(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) v dz dʑ
	12.1.6 Proto-Abazgi to Tsabal Abzhywa	ɕ ɕʷ ʑ ʑʷ → s ʃʷ z ʒʷ
	12.1.7 Proto-Abazgi to Khaltsys Sadz	tʃʷ(ʼ) tɕ(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) dʒʷ dʑ dʑʷ → f(ʼ) ts(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) v dz dʑʷ
	12.1.7 Proto-Abazgi to Khaltsys Sadz	ɕ ɕʷ ʑ ʑʷ → s {ʃʷ,ɕʷ} z {ʒʷ,ʑʷ}
	12.1.8 Proto-Abazgi to Tswydzhy Sadz	tʃʷ(ʼ) tɕ(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) dʒʷ dʑ dʑʷ → f(ʼ) ts(ʼ) tɕʷ(ʼ) v dz dʑʷ
	12.1.8 Proto-Abazgi to Tswydzhy Sadz	ɕ ʑ → s z
	12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassian	tʷʲ tʷʲʼ → ts tsʼ
		ts tsː dz → {s,c} tsː dz~z
		tsʲ tsʲː tsʲʼ dzʲ → (s) tsː tsʼ dz~z
		sʲ zʲ → s z
		tʃ tʃʼ dʒ dʑ → s tsʲʼ(?) dz~z dʑ~ʑ
		ʃ(~ʃː) → s
	12.2.1.1 Adyghe to Abadzekh Adyghe	pː tː tsː tsʷ ʃː tʃː tɕː kʲː kʷː qː~qχ qʷː~qχʷ → p t ts tʃʷ ʃ ɕ tɕ tʃ kʷ qː qʷ
	12.2.1.3 Adyghe to Shapsug Adyghe	pː tː tsː tsʷː ʃː tsː tcː kʲː kʷː qː~qχ qʷː~qχʷ → p t ts tʃʷ ʃ tʃ tɕ kʲ kʷ χ~q χʷ~qʷ
	12.2.1.4 Adyghe to Temirgoy Adyghe	pː tː tsː tsʷː ʃː tʃː tɕː → p t ts tsʷʲ ʃ tʃ tɕ
	12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh	ts(ʲ)ː tsʷː dzʲ → ts tsʷ dz
		tʃ(ʼ) dʒ → ts(ʼ) dz
		ʃ(~ʃː) ʒ → s z
		ɬʷ ɬʷː → sʷ s(ʷ)
14 Elamo-Dravidian	14.2 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Achaemanid Elamite	c → s / #_{a,u}
	14.2 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Achaemanid Elamite	ɲc → ns / V_V
	14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil	c → s / _{a,o,u,e}
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.1 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Aleut	z → s / #_
	15.2 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Eskimo	ð z → t s
	15.2.1 Proto-Eskimo to Barrow Iñupiaq	t → s / i_
	15.2.2 Proto-Eskimo to Greenlandic Iñupiaq	t → s / i_
	15.2.2 Proto-Eskimo to Greenlandic Iñupiaq	dʒ → tʃ → s / “in certain positions” (except for Thule Greenlandic, where dʒ → tʃ and stayed there, apparently)
	15.2.5 Proto-Eskimo to Kuskokwim Yup’ik	s → ts / in certain situations?
	15.2.5 Proto-Eskimo to Kuskokwim Yup’ik	t → s / _{k,q}
	15.2.6 Proto-Eskimo to Nunivak Yup’ik	s → ts / in certain situations?
	15.2.6 Proto-Eskimo to Nunivak Yup’ik	t → s / _{k,q}
	15.2.7 Proto-Eskimo to Siberian Yup’ik	s → ts → tʃ / in some dialects?
	15.2.7 Proto-Eskimo to Siberian Yup’ik	t → s / _{k,q}
	15.2.8 Proto-Eskimo to Unaaliq Yup’ik	s → ts / in certain situations?
	15.2.8 Proto-Eskimo to Unaaliq Yup’ik	t → s / _{k,q}
16 Extended West Papuan	16.1.1 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Nafri	p t → f {s,h} / #_
	16.1.2 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Central Sentani	p b t → f p {s,h} / #_
	16.1.3 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Eastern Sentani	p t → f {s,h} / #_
17 Indo-European	17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albanian	ḱ → s / _{u̯,u,i̯,i}
		ḱ → {ts,tʃ} (“[a]rchaic relic”)
		kʷ → s / _”E?
	17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albanian	ḱ → s / _{u̯,u,i̯,i}
		ḱ → {ts,tʃ} (“[a]rchaic relic”)
		kʷ → s / _”E?
	17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite	t → ts / _i ! s_
	17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite	d → s / #_{i,j}
	17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian	ḱ → s
	17.2.4 Common Anatolian to Lydian	ʃ → s
	17.3.1 Proto-Indo-European to Artsakh Armenian	p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		ɡ́ → ts (?)
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.2 Proto-Indo-European to Erevan Armenian	p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		ɡ́ → ts (?)
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.3 Proto-Indo-European to Istanbul Armenian	p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		ɡ́ → ts (?)
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.4 Proto-Indo-European to Kharpert Armenian	p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		ɡ́ → ts (?)
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.5 Proto-Indo-European to Sebastia Armenian	p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		ɡ́ → ts (?)
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.6 Proto-Indo-European to Southeast Armenian	p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		ɡ́ → ts (?)
		Ns sN → s N
	17.3.7 Proto-Indo-European to Southwest Armenian	p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		ɡ́ → ts (?)
		Ns sN → s N
	17.4.1 Proto-Indo-European to Avestan	ḱ ɡ́ → s z
	17.4.1 Proto-Indo-European to Avestan	s → {s,h}
	17.6 Proto-Indo-European to Dacian	ḱ ɡ́ → ts dz
	17.6 Proto-Indo-European to Dacian	{kʷ,kw} {ɡʷ,ɡw} → tʃ dʒ (→ s~z z ?) / _E
	17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic	z → s / _#, though “[t]his s was dropped when it came to stand after an original s through the loss of a vowel”, though it “remained when protected by a particle”
	17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English	ʃ → s / in unstressed syllables
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	t → {ts,k} / _w
	17.7.2.4 High German Cosonant Shift and Umlaut	p t k → pf ts kx / #_
		p t k → pf ts kx / {L,N}_
		pː tː kː → pf ts kx
	17.7.2.5 West Germanic to Old Low German	k → ts / _E (ɡ → dz here?)
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	nː lː rː sː → n l r s / C_
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	s → ts / {l,n}ː_
	17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	k → s / _n
	17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	sk → {sk,ʃ,ks}
	17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	h → {∅,h,k,s} / _n
		hv → {h,k,s}w
		ms → ŋ(k)s
	17.7.4 Common Germanic to Vandalic	tj → tsj
	17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greek	t → ts / _i
		ts → s
		Vns → Vːs
	17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek	t → ts / _i
		ts → s
		Vns → Vːs
	17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek	t → ts / _i
		ts → s
		Vns → Vːs
	17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek	t → ts / _i
		ts → s
		Vns → Vːs
	17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greek	t → ts / _i
		ts → s
Vns → Vːs
17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greek	t → ts / _i
	ts → s
	Vns → V(ː)s (Tucker says that “[i]n a few Doric dialects the lengthening did not occur”)
17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greek	t → ts / _i
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek	t → ts / _i
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
	tʃ → s / #_
17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greek	t → ts / _i
	ts → s
	Vns → Vːs
17.8.10 Proto-Indo-European to Mycenaean Greek	t → ts / _i
17.8.10 Proto-Indo-European to Mycenaean Greek	ts → s
17.9 Proto-Indo-European to Hittite	t → ts / _{i,e}
17.10.1.1 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Central Middle Indo-Aryan	{ʂ,ç} → s
17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan	ʂ s → s ç
17.10.1.3 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Northwestern Middle Indo-Aryan	{ʂ,ç} → s
17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-Aryan	{ʂ,ç} → s
17.10.1.5 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Vedic Sanskrit	sː ʂː ɕː → t.s t.ʂ t.C
17.10.1.5 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Vedic Sanskrit	bzʱ → ps
17.11 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Slavic	Kʷ ḱ ɡ́ → K s z
	k ɡ x → ts dz s / _{æː,i}
	k ɡ x → ts dz s / “After some syllables with front vowels”
17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish	ʃi ʒi tʃi dʒi ɕi ʑi → ʂɨ ʐɨ ʈʂɨ ɖʐɨ tsɨ ʒɨ
	ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ ɕ ʑ → ʂ ʐ ʈʂ ɖʐ ts ʒ
	tɕts ʑr̝ → jts jr̝
	ɕtɕ → js / _{t͜s,s}
	ʈʂs → ts
	zdʲ stʲ → {ʑ,ɕ} {s,ɕ} / _n
	stʲkl → ɕtɕkl → {ɕ,s}kɫ → ʂkɫ
	dz ts → d͜z t͜s
	n → s → ɕ / k_ɛ̃ where the vowel was from Proto-Slavic
	n → s / k_Vn
	ɕ ʑ → s z / _C (sometimes)
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	{t,d} → s / _s
	{t,d}t → tst → sː
	sː → s / _#
	sː → s / {W,Vː}_
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan	tj → s / C_
	sj ssj jn → js jʃ ɲ / V_V
	lj rj kj ɡj → ʎ jr ts ʒ / V_V
	j ɡj ts z n → tʃ i w s ∅ / _#
	k → ts → s / #_{i,e}
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French	— r → s / _s
	j tj → dʒ ts / #_
	∅ → s / t_j
	t → s / s_j
	t → s / _{n,m}
	k → js / V_sV
	— (k)kj → ts
17.12.1.1.4 Vulgar Latin to Italian	tj ks w → ts sː ɡw
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese	k → ts → s / #_{i,e}
	ks ɡn tj → ʃ ɲ {z,s} / V_V (tj → s is learned)
	tj → s / C_V
	dj → dz → ts → s / r_V
	ndj → nts → ns → ɲ / V_V
	kj → ts → s / V_V
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal	tʃ → ts (sometimes)
	sː → s / Vː_
	(s)k ɡ → (s)tʃ dʒ / #_a (in the north and northeast)
	tʃ → ts → s / #_
	b {d,dz,dʒ} z ʒ ɡ → p {t,ts,tʃ} s ʃ k / _(s)#
	tʃs → {ts,tʃ} (varies)
	ms ns → mps nts (sporadic?)
	ts → s / _# (Provence, Limousin, some Languedoc and Gascon)
	ktj klj → is ʎ
	{tʃ(ː),kʷ}j → ts
	l{tj,tʃj} ldʒ → lts ldz → uts udz → us uz
	{ntʃj,ndj} → nts → ns
	ptj → ts → s
	rtʃj → rts (→ rs ?)
	rtj → rts → rs
	rtVɡ → {rdʒ,rts(→ rs)}
	rtj → rts → rs
	{sːj,stʃj,stj} → ʃ → is (except in the west or extreme east, where the outcome was some flavor of (i)(t)ʃ)
	tːj → ts → s
	ndt ndtʃ ntʃ nkt nf → n{d,t} {nts,ndz(→ nz),ndʒ} n(t)s {ɲ,(i)nt,ntʃ} {nf,fː(→ f)}
	rtʃ rdtʃ → r(t)s {rdz(→ rz),rts,rdʒ}
	stʃ → s (in some northern and northeastern dialects)
	stʃ → is (otherwise)
	stɡ → s{ɡ,dʒ}
	bk → pts / _a
	βtʃ → u{ts,dz} → u{s,z}
	ktʃ → its → is (else)
	tʃ k → {i,s} {∅,k} / _m
	dtʃ → ts (in Auvergne and some western areas)
	ksk → stʃ / _a (in the north and northeast)
	ks → ʃ → s / _m
	ksː → is
17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanian	r → s / _s
	t d s → ts dz ʃ / _i
	j → s / t_
17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian	k → ts / _i
	l{i,j} → lː → {ts,dz,ldz,dʒ,lː} (“varies”)
	n{i,j} t{i,j} → ndʒ ts / _V
17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	{tj,kj} {tːj,kːj,ptj,ktj,skj} → ts tːs
	k ɡ → tʃ dʒ → ts dz / _{j,i,e,ɛ}
	ns → s (with a few exceptions)
	pː tː kː sː tːs ʝː → p t k s ts ʝ
	sj → js / V_
	— tst dzd → ts dz
	— mpVt skVp spVt stVk → nt sp st sk
	z̪ z ʒ → s̪ s ʃ
	{s̪,s} → /s/ [s̪] “(merged as)”
17.12.2.2 Proto-Sibellian to Umbrian	d → rs / V_V
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian	dz → ts
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian	{t,dʱ} → ts / _y
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.3.2 Proto-Tuparí to Mekens	ts (n)dz → {s,ts} s
	18.3.2 Proto-Tuparí to Mekens	ð → s / _i
	18.3.3 Proto-Tuparí to Tuparí	{(n)dz,ts} → s / _i
	18.3.3 Proto-Tuparí to Tuparí	β ð → ∅ {s,h} / _i
	18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama	ʔ ts ŋ → ∅ {ts,tʃ} n
	18.4.3 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guajajara	t → ts / _{i,ı̃}
	18.4.5 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guarayo	ʔ ts → {ʔ,∅} {ts,tʃ}
	18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó	t → {ts,tʃ} / _{i,ı̃}
	18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó	ʔ ts → ∅ {s,ʃ}
	18.4.9 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Classical Tupi	ts → {s,ʃ}
	18.4.10 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Urubu	ts → {s,h}
19 Kartvelian	19.1 Proto-Kartvelian to Georgian	{ɬ,ʂ} → s
	19.1 Proto-Kartvelian to Georgian	ʈʂ {ʈʂʼ,tɬʼ} → ts tsʼ
	19.2 Proto-Kartvellian to Svan	ɬ ʃ ʂ → l {sɡ,ʃɡ} ʃ
	19.2 Proto-Kartvellian to Svan	dz dʒ ɖʐ → {dz,z} {dʒɡ,sɡ} {dʒ,ʒ}
	19.3 Proto-Kartvelian to Zan	ɬ ʃ ʂ → ∅ {sk,ʃk} ʃ
20 Khoisan	20.1.1 Proto-Khoe to Ç̬Ana	ts → {ts~tsʰ,ts,s}
	20.1.2 Proto-Khoe to ÇAni	ts → {ts,s}
	20.1.3 Proto-Khoe to Buga	ts → {ts~tsʰ,ts,s}
	20.1.5 Proto-Khoe to Nama	ts dz kxʼ → {ts,s} d ∅
	20.1.6 Proto-Khoe to Naro	ts dz → {ts~tsʰ,ts,s} dz~ts
	20.1.7 Proto-Khoe to !Ora	ts → {ts,s}
	20.1.8 Proto-Khoe to Teti	ts dz kxʼ → {ts~tsʰ,ts,s} z kʼ
	20.1.9 Proto-Khoe to TsÊixa	ts dz kxʼ → {ts~tsʰ,ts,s} z kʼ
	20.1.10 Proto-Khoe to Ç̬Ui	ts → {ts~tsɦ,s}
21 Lakes Plain	21.1.1 Proto-Far West to Awera	ti → s / #_V
	21.1.2 Proto-Far West to Saponi	ti → s / #_V
	21.1.3 Proto-Far West to Rasawa	ti → s / #_V
	21.2.1 Proto-Tariku to Proto-Central Tariku	ti → s~ti / _V
	21.2.1.1 Proto-Central Tariku to Edopi	s → s~t
	21.2.2 Proto-Tariku to Proto-East Tariku	ti → s~ti / _V
	21.2.2.7 Proto-East Tariku to Waritai	p d → p~ɸs d~t
	21.2.3.1 Proto-West Tariku to Deirate	ti di → s dz / _V
	21.2.3.2 Proto-West Tariku to Faia	ti → s / _V
	21.2.3.3 Proto-West Tariku to Fayu	ti di → s dz / _V
	21.2.3.4 Proto-West Tariku to Kirikiri	ti → s / _V
	21.2.3.5 Proto-West Tariku to Sehudate	ti di → s dz / _V
	21.2.3.6 Proto-West Tariku to Tause	ti di → s j / _V
	21.2.3.7 Proto-West Tariku to Weirate	ti di → s dz / _V
22 Macro-Arawakan	22.1 Proto-Arawá to Arawá	dz → s / medially
	22.1 Proto-Arawá to Arawá	tsʰ → s
	22.2 Proto-Arawá to Banawá-Jamamadi	{ts(ʰ),tʃ} dz → s ɟ
	22.3 Proto-Arawá to Hypothetical Arawán Substrate	dz → s
	22.4 Proto-Arawá to Jarawara	{ts(ʰ),tʃ} → s
	22.6 Proto-Arawá to Sorowahá	ts(ʰ) → s
	22.7 Proto-Arawá to Paumarí	ts(ʰ) → s
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1.1.1 Proto-Chibchan to Arhuaco	ts h → s ∅
	23.1.1.1.2 Proto-Chibchan to Chibcha	ts → {s,z}
	23.1.1.1.3 Proto-Chibchan to Kogi	nVs dVs → n(V(s)) ʒ(Vʒ)
	23.1.1.1.3 Proto-Chibchan to Kogi	s h → {s,tʃ} {h,∅}
	23.1.1.1.4 Proto-Chibchan to Marocacero	s → {ts,ʃ} / _i
	23.1.1.1.4 Proto-Chibchan to Marocacero	s → {s,ts}
	23.1.1.1.5 Proto-Chibchan to Motilón	s → {s,x,tʃ~ʃ}
	23.1.1.1.6 Proto-Chibchan to Tunebo	{d(V)s,n(V)j} n(V)s → r {VsV,r}
	23.1.1.1.6 Proto-Chibchan to Tunebo	ts tʃ → tʃ s
	23.1.3 Proto-Lenmichian to Proto-Misumalpan	ts → s
25 Macro-Panoan	25.1.2 Proto-Tacanan to Chama	tʃ → s / _i
	25.1.3 Proto-Tacanan to Reyesano	tʃ ɕ → ts ʃ
	25.1.4 Proto-Tacanan to Tacana	tʃ → ts / _E
	25.1.4 Proto-Tacanan to Tacana	ɕ → s
26 Mande	26.1 Proto-Mande to Bobo	z → {s,j}
	26.5 Proto-Mande to Kono-Vai	z → s
	26.6 Proto-Mande to Southwest Mande	z → s
	26.7 Proto-Mande to Mandekan	z → s
	26.7 Proto-Mande to Mandekan	{k,ɡ,kp} {kpʼ,ɡb} → s b
	26.11 Proto-Mande to Sembla	z → s
	26.13 Proto-Mande to Susu	z → s
27 Mayan	27.7 Proto-Mayan to Mamean	tʲ(ʼ) → ts(ʼ)
28 Muskogean	28.1.1 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Alabama	ʃ → ts
	28.1.1 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Alabama	ts x → s h / _C
	28.1.2 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Creek	ʃ → ts
	28.1.3 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Hitchiti	ʃ → ts
	28.1.4 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Korasati	ʃ → ts
	28.1.4 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Korasati	ts → s / _C
	28.1.5 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Mikasuri	tʃ → s / _C ! _k
	28.1.5 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Mikasuri	ʃ x → ts h
	28.1.6 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Seminole	ʃ x → ts h
	28.2 Proto-Muskogean to Proto-Western Muskogean	ts tʃ → s ts
29 Na-Dene	29.1 Proto-Na-Dene to Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak	kʲ kʲʼ ɡʲ xʲ → ts tsʼ dz s
	29.1.1 Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak to Proto-Athabaskan	{s,dz} → {s,z}
	29.1.1.1.1 Proto-Athabaskan to Ahtna	{ʃ(ʷ),x} → s
	29.1.1.1.8 Proto-Athabaskan to Dena’ina	{ʃ(ʷ),x {z,ʒ(ʷ),ɣ} → s j
	29.1.1.1.13 Proto-Athabaskan to Hupa	z → s
	29.1.1.1.20 Proto-Southern Athabaskan to Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan	{s,z}(ʔ) {ʃ,ʒ}(ʔ) {ɬ,ɮ}(ʔ) → s ʃ ɬ / _#
	29.1.1.1.22 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Jicarilla	xʲ → s
	29.1.1.1.23 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Lipan	xʲ → s
	29.1.1.1.25 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Chiricahua	{s,z}(ʔ) {ʃ,ʒ}(ʔ) {ɬ,ɮ}(ʔ) → s ʃ ɬ / _#
	29.1.1.1.27 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Navajo	xʲ → s
	29.1.1.1.27 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Navajo	{s,z}(ʔ) {ʃ,ʒ}(ʔ) {ɬ,ɮ}(ʔ) → s ʃ ɬ / _#
	29.1.1.1.28 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to San Carlos	{s,z}(ʔ) {ʃ,ʒ}(ʔ) {ɬ,ɮ}(ʔ) → s ʃ ɬ / _#
	29.1.1.1.30 Proto-Athabaskan to Hare Slavey-Hare	tɬʰ tʃ(ʷ)ʰ kʰ → ɬ s ʃ
	29.1.2 Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak to Eyak	kʲ kʲʼ ɡʲ xʲ → ts tsʼ dz {s,ʃ}
	29.1.2 Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak to Eyak	$ → xʷ → {x,s}
	29.2 Proto-Na-Dene to Tlingit	s → s : ɬ
		ts → ts : tɬ
		ʃ → {ʃ,s} : ɬ
		tʃ → {tʃ,ts} : tɬ
30 Niger-Congo	30.1.1.2 Proto-Bantu to Tswana	{p,t,tʃ,k} {mp,nt,ɲtʃ,nk} {(m)b,(n)d,(ɲ)dʒ,(n)ɡ} {m,n} → s tsʰ ts ɲ / _iV
		{tʃ,k} {ntʃ,nk,r} {ɲdʒ,nɡ} mp mb p b {d,l} m n → s tsʰ ts tʃʰ(w) tʃ(w) ʃ(w) dʒ(w) dʒ ŋw ɲ / _{ɪ,e}V
		{p,t,tʃ,k} {mp,nt,ɲtʃ,nk} {(m)b,(n)d,(ɲ)dʒ,(n)ɡ} {m,n,ɲ} → sw tsʰw tsw ɲw / _iV
		{tʃ,k} {ɲtʃ,nk} {ndʒ,nɡ} → s tsʰ ts / _{i,ɪ,e}
	30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba	’p ’t ’d/d₂ c {’ɟ} ’k ɡ → f l ɟ s ∅ {w,∅} {k,w} / in C₁ position
	30.2.1.1 Proto-Akanic to Akan	{p,ʋ̃} c k͜p → f s p / #_
	30.3.1.1.1 Proto-Gbe to Ajá	χ ʁ → s z / _{i,j}
	30.3.1.1.3 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Fon	{ts,tʰ} {dz,dʱ} → s z
	30.3.1.1.4 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Gen	ts dz → s z
	30.3.1.1.5 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Phla-Pherá	{ts,tʰ} {dz,dʱ} → s z
	30.3.1.1.8 Proto-Vhe to Adángbe	ts dz → s z
	30.3.1.1.9 Proto-Vhe to Avéno	k ɡ s → ts dz ʃ / _i
	30.3.1.1.9 Proto-Vhe to Avéno	t d → ts dz / _j
	30.3.1.1.11 Proto-Vhe to Kpándo	{t,k} {d,ɡ} → ts dz / _i
32 Oto-Manguean	32.1.1 Proto-Chatino to Papabuco Chatino	t → s / ! “in cluster with š” (presumably [ʃ])
	32.1.1 Proto-Chatino to Papabuco Chatino	tʲ → s / _u
	32.1.2 Proto-Chatino to Tataltepec Chatino	ʃ → s
	32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatino	c → ts
		tʃ → ts / a_
		ʃ → s / _{ik,e,ı̃,ẽ}
		ʃ → ts / _i, in monosyllables
33 Penutian	33.1.1.3 Proto-Costanoan to Mutsun	ʈ → {ʈ,ts,tʃ} / _{j,ɾ}
	33.2.2 Proto-Wintuan to Patwin	x χ → s h
	33.2.3 Proto-Wintuan to South Patwin	x → s
	33.3.1.1 General Yokuts to Buena Vista Yokuts	t tʰ tʼ → ts tsʰ tsʼ / #_ “(in some words, conditioning factors unclear)”
	33.3.1.1 General Yokuts to Buena Vista Yokuts	tʰ → s / #_u
	33.3.2.1.1 Proto-Tule-Kaweah to Wikchamni	ʂ → s “(sometimes remains allophonically in word-initial position before back vowels, but not consistently)”
	33.3.2.2.4 Valley Yokuts to Chukchansi	tʃ tʃʰ tʃʼ → ts tsʰ tsʼ
	33.3.2.2.6 Valley Yokuts to Yawelmani	ʃ → s
	33.3.2.2.6 Valley Yokuts to Yawelmani	tʃ tʃʰ tʃʼ → ts tsʰ tsʼ (except in “lexicalized diminutives”, where these go to ʈʂ ʈʂʰ ʈʂʼ)
	33.3.3 Proto-Yokuts to Palewyami	t tʰ tʼ → ts tsʰ tsʼ / #_ “(in some words; conditioning factors unclear)”
34 Quechumaran	34.1 Proto-Quechumaran to Ayachuco	ts(h) tʃh → tʃ s
		ʈʂ → s / _K
		ʃ ʂ → s h
	34.2 Proto-Quechumaran to Bolivia	ʈʂ → s / _K
	34.2 Proto-Quechumaran to Bolivia	ʃ → s
	34.3 Proto-Quechumaran to Cuzco	tʃ → s / _q
		tʃh → s / _E
		ʈʂ → s / _K
		ʃ ʂ → s h
	34.4 Proto-Quechumaran to Huarás	pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ → p t ts k q
		ts(h) tʃ → tʃ ts
		tʃ → ts / _q
		ʈʂ → s / _K
	34.5 Proto-Quechumaran to Putamayo	ʂ → s
	34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba	ʈʂ → s / _K
	34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba	ʈʂʼ → ts
	34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiago	ʃ → s / ! i_i or _S
35 Salishan	35.1.2 Proto-Central Salish to Chilliwack Halkomelem	ts(ʼ) tʃ(ʼ) → θ(ʼ) ts(ʼ)
	35.1.3 Proto-Central Salish to Cowichan Halkomelem	ts(ʼ) tʃ(ʼ) → θ(ʼ) ts(ʼ)
	35.1.4 Proto-Central Salish to Musqueam Halkomelem	ts(ʼ) tʃ(ʼ) → θ(ʼ) ts(ʼ)
	35.1.5 Proto-Central Salish to Klallam	p(ʼ) m → ts(ʼ) ŋ / ! _u
		xʲ → {s,ʃ} (the latter mainly from borrowings?)
		tʃ → ts
	35.1.6 Proto-Central Salish to Lushootseed	s → {ʃ,s} / _xʷ
	35.1.7 Proto-Central Salish to Nooksack	s → {s,ʃ} / _xʷ
	35.1.8 Proto-Central Salish to Lummi Northern Straits	ts → s
	35.1.8 Proto-Central Salish to Lummi Northern Straits	tʃ → s
	35.1.9 Proto-Central Salish to Saanich Northern Straits	ts ts’ → {θ,s} θ’
		s → {ʃ,s} / _xʷ
		xʲ → s
		tʃ → s
	35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern Straits	ts → s
		s → {ʃ,s} / _xʷ
		xʲ → {s,ʃ} (the latter mainly from borrowings?)
	35.1.11 Proto-Central Salish to Sooke Northern Straits	ts → s
		xʲ → {s,ʃ} (the latter mainly from borrowings?)
		tʃ → s
	35.1.12 Proto-Central Salish to Pentlatch	ts ts’ → s ts’
	35.1.15 Proto-Central Salish to Twana	s → {ʃ,s} / _xʷ
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà	b d dz ɡ → {p,pʼ} {t,tʼ} {ts,tsʼ} {k,kʼ}
	36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà	z → {s,tsʼ} (the former “without exception” “in oblique tone words”)
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	p b çp çb sP rP Np Nb pr {br,pj} bj → pʰ p ʝb çp sp rpʰ mpʰ mb br pʰj pj
		t d Nt Nd st sd çT tr (ç)dr KT → tʰ t Ntʰ md zd st çtj trh (ç)tr kt
		k sk kr ɡ Pɡ sɡ Nɡ (s)ɡr çK rK Kç → kʰ zɡw dr Nɡ pk sk mk (s)kr çk rɡj ɡçkr
		(ʔ)kj (s)ɡj Nkj → (k)tç (s)kj Ndʒ
		C[+ sibilant] → s / _w
		NTS PTS KTS sTS çTS → {Ndz,mts} kts(ʰ) ptsʰ sts {sts,rj}
		(r)ts (r)dz → (r)tsʰ (r)ts
	36.3.2.1.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Chos Kia	t st tr d sd (ç)dr Nt çT KT → t. s.d tr. t s.t (ç.)tr m.t. n.dr ɡ.t
		sk rK → j sɡ
		kj Nkj ʔkj ɡj sɡj → kj. nj ɡ.tsʰ kj skj.
		kr (s)ɡr → n.br (s)kr
		C[+ sibilant] → s / _w
		çl → sj
		ts (r)dz dʒ PTS KTS sTS çTS → {tsʰ,s} (r)ts tsʰ ɡ.ts s.{ts,pj} {s.ts,br}
	36.3.2.1.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Hanniu	C[+ sibilant]w → s
	36.3.2.1.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Hanniu	çl → rts
	36.3.2.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Kham To	r → s / _k
		Nkj ɡj sɡj → mj ts stʃj
		sɡr → skr
		C[+ sibilant]w ç Pç Nç çl → s ʂ ʃ mʃ ʃl
		ts {dz,KTS} NTS rdz dzl dʒ → s ts {dz,mtʃ.} rts tsl tʃ.
		uj → os
	36.3.2.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to lCog Rtse	(N)p Nb sP çp çb pr br {p,b}j → (m)pʰ (m)p sp ʝb çp br pʰj pʰj
		(N)t (N)d st sd KT çT tr dr çtr → (N)tʰ mt zd st kt çt(j) trh tr çtr
		(P)ɡ sɡ çK Nɡ k sk rk (s)ɡj (ʔ)kj → (p)k sk çk mk kʰ zɡ Nɡ (s)kj (ʔ)kʰj
		Nkj (s)ɡr Kç kr skr ɡr → mɡj (s)kr ɡçkr kʰr zɡr Nɡr
		C[+ sibilant] → s / _w
		ts (r)dz dzl dʒ NTS PTS Kts KTS sTS çTS → tsʰ (r)ts Ndz tsl ts ptç ktç kts sts {s,ç}ts
	36.3.2.2.3 Proto-rGyalrongic to Pati	ts dʒ NTS → {s,tʃ.} tʃ. m
	36.3.2.2.3 Proto-rGyalrongic to Pati	im it ik is ij → em u e es e
	36.3.2.2.4 Proto-rGyalrongic to Suo Mo	{p,b} Np pr {s,r}P çb Nb → p mp mbr sp ʃp p.s
		kr rk {rK,Pɡ} ɡ Pɡ sɡ → k.r rk. pk k sk
		ɡj → cç ? (might be → tsç?)
		rs → sr
		C[+ sibilant] → s / _#
		lts rts NTS PTS STS → lɖʐ rts. {mdzr,mtʃ} nt. sts
	36.3.2.2.5 Proto-rGyalrongic to Trung	C[+ sibilant]w → s
	36.3.2.2.5 Proto-rGyalrongic to Trung	dʒ → tsh
	36.3.2.2.6 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tsa Ku Nao	k {sɡ,çK} Nɡ rK → k. sk mɡ nk
		z → ts / r_
		C[+ sibilant]w → sj
		ts dz NTS KTS sTS → tʃ ts {ts,m} ɡts sp
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	Np Nb Nt Nɡ Nç → sts mp mtʰ mk ntsʰdz
		çl → sɬ
		C[+ sibilant]w ç → swdz sdz
		NTS KTS lTS → mʈʂ {kts,ʈʂʰ} bɖʐ
		ts dz rdz dʒ → {ʈʂ,ʒ} tsj rtsʰ ʈʂ
		j → s / #_
	36.3.2.2.8 Proto-rGyalrongic to Wassu	k kr kj ɡ → k. k.r ts. ɡ
	36.3.2.2.8 Proto-rGyalrongic to Wassu	ts dzl NTS → {tʃ.,j} tsl m
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Iroquoian	t → ts / _{i,ı̃}
		tʰ → ts / _i
		r → ts / _i
		ʃ θ → s t
	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	k kʷ → ts k / _i
		tsn → hst
		ts → s / h_
		ks → ts / _V
	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	ts → hs / V_ ! _{h,i,j,r}
		ts → s / ! _{h,i,j,r}
		ns → ts / _k(ʷ)
		ths → tsh
	37.1.2.1.1 Cayuga to Upper Cayuga	ts → s / _(h)r
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	ts → s / ! _{i,j}
	37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga	ts → hs / V_V ! _i
		ts → s / ! _{h,i,j}
		ns → ts / _k(ʷ)
		ʃ → s
		hs → sh / C_
		hts → tsh / C_V
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	ts → hs / V_{t,k(ʷ)}
		ts → s / ! _{h,i,j}
		ns → ts / _{t,k(ʷ)}
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	ths → tsh
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	hs → sh / _{n,w}
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	ts → s / ! _{i,j}
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	{ths,tts} → tsh
	37.1.2.6.1 Tuscarora to Western Tuscarora	θ → s
	37.1.2.6.1 Tuscarora to Western Tuscarora	r̥ w̥ j̊ → s f ʃ
	37.2.2 Proto-Siouan to Dakota	tʲr → {st,ʃt}
	37.2.3 Proto-Siouan to Mandan	tʲ → s / _ʔV
		tʲr → sV₀rV₀
		sn → {ʃV₀nV₀,sV₀rV₀}
	37.2.4.2 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Winnebago	pr {sr,xr} sn km → pV₀rV₀ ʃV₀rV₀ sV₀nV₀ kV₀wV₀
	37.2.5 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Crow-Hidatsa	s ç {tʲ,x} → ts x ʃ
	37.2.5.1 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Crow	t → s / _V
		k → ts / _i
		sk → tsk / _”V
	37.2.5.2 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Hidatsa	sn → tsV₀rV₀
		sk → tsuk / _”u
		sk kx → tsk hk / _”V
		sk → hts / ”V_
	37.2.6.1 Proto-Dhegiha to Kansa	t → ts / _ʔ
	37.2.6.2 Proto-Dhegiha to Omaha-Ponca	pr sr tʲr kr → bθ sn ʃn ɡθ
	37.2.6.3 Proto-Dhegiha to Osage	t → ts / _E
		t → ts / _ʔ
		pr sr tʲr kr → bð sts ʃd ɡð
		ʃ → s / ”V_k
	37.2.7.2 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Ofo	s {ç,x} → f s
		x → s / _k
		kx → sk / ”V_
		kx → s
	37.2.7.3 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Tutelo	sn → sV₀nV₀
38 Tai-Kadai	38.1.1.3.4 Central Tai to Tho	z → {r,s}
	38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai	z → s
	38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai	z r → s r̥
	38.1.1.5.1 Southwest Tai to Lao	dʒ → s
	38.1.1.5.2 Southwest Tai to Lü	dʒ → s
	38.1.1.5.3 Southwest Tai to Shan	dʒ → s
39 Tanoan	39.1 Proto-Tanoan to Jimez	ts dz → s z
	39.3 Proto-Tanoan to Taos	ts tsʰ tsʼ dz → tʃ s tʃʼ j
	39.4 Proto-Tanoan to Tewa	pʰ tʰ tsʰ → f θ s
40 Totozoquean	40.1 Proto-Totozoquean to Proto-Mixe-Zoquean	nʲ tʲ tʃ kʲ → n t s ts k
41 Trans-New Guinea	41.2 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Asmat	t → s / #_i
		k s → ∅ {t,s} / #_
		p t nj → {t,r} {r,s,t} s / _#
	41.3 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Binandere	nj → s / #_ (?)
	41.3 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Binandere	t → {r,s} / V_i
	41.5.1.8 Proto-Gorokan to Move	ʔv ʔm ʔɡ ʔr ʔh → p b k t {s,f}
	41.5.1.10 Proto-Gorokan to Yagaria	ʔv ʔm ʔɡ ʔr ʔh → p b k t {s,f}
	41.7 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kâte	k ᵐb ⁿd → {k,h} b {s,t} / #_
	41.7 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kâte	ᵐb ⁿd → {ᵐb,p} s / V_V
	41.8 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kiwai	t k ᵐb → {s,t} {ɡ,∅} {b,p} / #_
	41.8 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kiwai	s → {s,t} / #_ (?)
	41.9 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Selepet	ᵐb ⁿd s → b {s,t} {t,s} / #_
	41.9 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Selepet	t ᵐb nj s → r {b,p} ⁿd {s,d} / V_V
	41.10 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Telefol	s → s / #_ (?)
42 Uralic	42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic	ðʲ sʲ tsʲ(ː) lʲ → ð s ts(ː) l
		tʃ → ts / _k, in South Estonian
		t → ts / _i ! following a coronal obstruent or “before a derivational suffix”
		tj → ts / ! following a coronal obstruent or “before a derivational suffix”
	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	p t ts s k → b d s z ɡ
		{kt,pt} {kts,pts} → tː tːs
		{ks,nts} nt → s t / _#
		ts tsˑ tsː → s θˑ θː
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	sn → ns
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	θ(ː) ð → ts d (this latter does have some highly sporadic exceptions; additionally, in some dialects these may become {t(ː),h~t} and {r,∅}, respectively)
	42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian	ts(ʲ) → s(ʲ) / ! n_
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	ts → s / _i
44 Vasconic	44.1 Proto-Vasconic to Aquitanian	ś → {s(ː),ʃ} / _#
44 Vasconic	44.1 Proto-Vasconic to Aquitanian	ś → s
45 Yuman-Cochimı́	45.1.1 Proto-Pai to Chapai	tʃ → s

with context involving /s/

251 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Omotic	t → ∅ / _s#
	6.1.1 Proto-Omotic to North Omotic	e → i / #{s,ʃ,tsʼ}_{k(w),ʔ}
	6.2.2.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Chadic	ŋ → ∅ / V_{ts,q}
	6.2.2.1.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Boreafrasian	h → ħ / #_Vs
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	qu → w / _{f,s} (sporadic)
	6.2.2.1.3 Ancient Egyptian to Coptic	n → l / #_(V){s,ʃ,h}V{m,b}#
	6.2.2.1.3 Ancient Egyptian to Coptic	n → l / #_V{m,b}{s,ʃ,h}
7 Algonquian	7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot	∅ → x / _s ! _C{C,#}
	7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot	x → sː / e(ː)_s
	7.6 Proto-Algonquian to Northern East Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.7 Proto-Algonquian to Southern East Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.8 Proto-Algonquian to Plains Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.9 Proto-Algonquian to Swampy Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.10 Proto-Algonquian to Woods Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware	h → ∅ / _{s,x}
	7.13 Proto-Algonquian to Miami-Illinois	mV[-long] → ∅ / #_{ʰC,s,ʃ} (allophonic, “optional”)
	7.13 Proto-Algonquian to Miami-Illinois	h → ʔ / _{s,ʃ}
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	ʔ → ∅ / C{v,l,s}_C
8 Altaic	8.4 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Tungusic	æ → i / {s,ʃ,x}_Ca
		æ → i / {s,ʃ,x}_Ci
		ø → i / {s,ʃ,x}_Cu
10 Austronesian	10.1 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian	e → a / _s
	10.1.1.3 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sumbawan	u → i / _{s,t,r,n,l} (blocked in Pusu)
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	{s,c} → t / _V{s,c}V
	10.2.6.2 Proto-North Sarawak to Proto-Kenyah	s → t / _VsVC
	10.2.6.3 Proto-Malayic to Minangkabau	— a u → e uj / _{t,s}#
	10.3.5.4 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Northern	C → ∅ / _$(possessive suffix)#
11 Northeast Caucasian	11.5.6 Proto-Lezgic to Udi	t → ∅ / s_
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.1 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Aleut	∅ → t / #_s
	15.2.1 Proto-Eskimo to Barrow Iñupiaq	v → p / _s
	15.2.3 Proto-Eskimo to Mackenzie Iñupiaq	v → p / _s
	15.2.4 Proto-Eskimo to Wales Iñupiaq	v → p / _s
	15.2.8 Proto-Eskimo to Unaaliq Yup’ik	v → ft / _s
17 Indo-European	17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite	t → ts / _i ! s_
	17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite	aj aw → ɛː uː / !_{s,n,r,l}
	17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian	j → ∅ / ts_
	17.2.4 Common Anatolian to Lydian	w (→ v?) → f / s_
	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	r̩ l̩ → {ra,ar} {la,al} / _{s,CC,V,#} (the results are unpredictable)
		m̩ n̩ → am an / _{s,({m,j,w)V}
		— n → ∅ / {i,o,u}_{p,t,k,s}
		— {p,t} → ∅ / #s_r
		— {p,t} → ∅ / #s_ “(although it says that occasionally st > t / #_)”
	17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh	ɔ → ə / #_sC
	17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic	ij → iː / _s “after the loss of a vowel in final syllables”
		Vw → u / _s (to wit, the vowel is deleted and the *w syllabifies)
		β ð ɣ → ɸ θ x / V_(s)#
	17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English	Vː → V[-long] / _C{ː,C} ! _st{#,V} or when preceding a cluster which had triggered a vowel to become long in Old English; the book gives “Christ” vs. “Christmas” as an example
	17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English	Vː → V[-long] / _C{ː,C} ! _st{#,V} or when preceding a cluster which had triggered a vowel to become long in Old English; the book gives “Christ” vs. “Christmas” as an example
	17.7.2.1.5 Early Modern English to American English	j → ∅ / {θ,s,z,l,n,t,d}_ when in onset position
	17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English	j → ∅ / %{θ,s,z,l}_”V
	17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English	Vː → V[-long] / _C{ː,C} ! _st{#,V} or when preceding a cluster which had triggered a vowel to become long in Old English; the book gives “Christ” vs. “Christmas” as an example
	17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English	Vː → V[-long] / _C{ː,C} ! _st{#,V} or when preceding a cluster which had triggered a vowel to become long in Old English; the book gives “Christ” vs. “Christmas” as an example
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	x → k / _s
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	V → Vː / _r{t,d,s,ts} (except /ə/)
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	a → ∅ / C(C)_{ʀ,s,t,θ}#
		a → ∅ / _{ʀ,s,t,θ}#
		{B,E} → ∅ / CC_{ʀ,s,t,θ}# ! B = ɒ
		E → ∅ / _{ʀ,s,t,θ}
		u → ∅ / _({ʀ,s,t,θ})#
		b → ∅ / m_s
		d → ∅ / {l,m}_{b,ɡ,k,l,m,n,s}
		k → ∅ / l_s
		k → ∅ / r_{m,s,t}
		k → ∅ / s_l,t
		l → ∅ / ŋ_s
		l → ∅ / r_{m,s}
		l → ∅ / s_t
		n → ∅ / f_{d,s,t}
		n → ∅ / m_{s,b}
		n → ∅ / ŋ_{s,w}
		n → ∅ / r_{s,t,w}
		n → ∅ / t_s
		r → ∅ / k_{n,s}
		r → ∅ / t_{k,s}
		t → ∅ / {ɡ,ɣ}_s
		t → ∅ / s_{k,l,n,s}
		β ð ɣ → f θ k / _{p,t,k,s}
		F[- voice] → ∅ / {s,f,x,h,t}_{p,t,k}
		uN yN iN VN → o øː eː Vː / _{s,f}
		∅ → t / s_r
		rː lː → r l / {p,t,k,f,s}_
	17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	{l(ː),rl} C → ɬ C[- voice] / _{S[- voice],s}
	17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	l → ∅ / _{m,s,k}
	17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greek	n → ∅ / _s
	17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek	n → ∅ / _s
	17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek	n → ∅ / _s
	17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek	n → ∅ / _s
	17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greek	n → ∅ / _s
	17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greek	n → ∅ / _s
	17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greek	n → ∅ / _s
	17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek	n → ∅ / _s
	17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greek	n → ∅ / _s
	17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan	p → ∅ / #_st
	17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan	Vm → Ṽ / _(#){s,ɕ}
	17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish	ɕtɕ → js / _{t͜s,s}
		{z,s,ʂ} → ∅ / _sC
		t → ∅ / s_{ɫ,w}
d → ∅ / r_ts
∅ → t / s_r “in ‘stręczyć’”
v → ∅ / _stv
slʲ → ∅ / _s
rʲ → r / _{s,t͜s,l,w,n,ɲ}
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	o → e / w_{r,s,t}
	e → i / _{s,t}#
	w → ∅ / s_o
	{t,d} → s / _s
	∅ → p / m_{s,t,l}
	V → {Vː,V[+nas]} / _n{f,s}
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan	n → ∅ / _s
	V → ∅ / ”V%s_t(C)V(C)# (irregular)
	∅ → e / #_sC
	k → j / _s#
	t → ∅ / V_sV
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French	— n → ∅ / _{f,v,s}
	— r → s / _s
	t → s / s_j
	∅ → t / s_r
	k → js / V_sV
	k → j / _s#
	∅ → e / #_sC
	∅ → j / {ʃ,ʒ,sj,zj}”{a,é}_ in U[+open]
	j → ∅ / s_ (sː_?)
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese	n → ∅ / _s
	iː → ∅ / {k,s}_#
	e → ∅ / {l,n,r,s,k}_#
	p → ∅ / V_{t,s}V
	k → j / _s#
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal	∅ → i / #_sC
	k → ∅ / _s{C,#} (the latter in polysyllables only)
	∅ → k / #s_l
	i → e / #_sC
	b {d,dz,dʒ} z ʒ ɡ → p {t,ts,tʃ} s ʃ k / _(s)#
	j → i / _(s)#
	ð → t / _s#
	β → u / V_(s)#
	β → {∅,f} / C_(s)# (the latter is rare)
	n → ∅ / _s# (except for eastern and southeastern dialects)
	n → ∅ / r_(s)#?
	l → w / V_s
	{p,b} → ∅ / R_s# (unless blocked by analogy)
	ð → i / _C ! _s#
	l → u / _s# (in many dialects)
	∅ → t / s_r
	w → ∅ / s_ ?
	l → u / _{t,s} (Languedoc)
	l → u / _{d,s} (Rouergue)
	l → u / _{t,d,s} (else)
	k → ∅ / s_b (sporadic?)
	{p,t} → ∅ / s_m (sporadic?)
	p → ∅ / s_t
	b → ∅ / _s{t,k}
	b → ∅ / _ts
	k → ∅ / _sk (else)
17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanian	n → ∅ / _{f,v,s}
	r → s / _s
	k → ∅ / _s#
	i → ∅ / {ts,dz,S}_V
	p → ∅ / _s
	c → p / _{s,t}
17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian	∅ → i / _s (“[m]ainly Logudorese”)
17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian	t → k / s_l (sporadic)
17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	V → ∅ / C_s when unstressed and not at a word boundary (sporadic)
	V → ∅ / s_C when unstressed and not at a word boundary (sporadic)
	{k,ɡ} → x → j / _{t,s,n,l}
	e → ∅ / V{d,s,n,l,ɾ}_#
	— Vdz → ∅ / {nts,ndz,rdz_
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian	i → ə / {P,K(ʷ),s}_
17.13.1 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian A	k → p / _{s,ʂ}
17.13.1 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian A	n → j / V_sV ! E_
21 Lakes Plain	21.2.2.6 Proto-East Tariku to Sikaritai	ik → ɡ / {s,k,p}_ ?
21 Lakes Plain	21.2.2.7 Proto-East Tariku to Waritai	ik → ɡ / {s,p}_ ?
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1.1.2 Proto-Chibchan to Chibcha	V → ∅ / s_j (sometimes)
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1.1.5 Proto-Chibchan to Motilón	d → ∅ / V_s
29 Na-Dene	29.1.1.1.26 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Mescalero	ʔ → ∅ / {s,ʃ,ɬ}_#
29 Na-Dene	29.2 Proto-Na-Dene to Tlingit	x → ∅ / {s,ʃ}_
30 Niger-Congo	30.3.1.1.11 Proto-Vhe to Kpándo	j → ∅ / {ts,dz}_
34 Quechumaran	34.5 Proto-Quechumaran to Putamayo	h → ∅ / ts_
	34.6 Proto-Quechumaran to Quito	q → h / {r,s}_
	34.6 Proto-Quechumaran to Quito	h → ∅ / ts_
	34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba	h → ∅ / ts_
	34.9 Proto-Quechumaran to Tena	h → ∅ / ts_
35 Salishan	35.3 Shuswap to Eastern Shuswap Nasal-to-Vowel Shifts	en enˀ → i iʔ / {ts(’),s,j(ˀ)}_ in U[- stressed]
35 Salishan	35.4 Shuswap to Spokane-Kalispel Shuswap Nasal-to-Vowel Shifts	n nˀ → i iʔ / C_s
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1 Proto-Sino-Tibetan to Middle Chinese	l → ∅ / s_-
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	K → ʔ / _s
		u → i / _{r,s}
		o → e / _s
		i → e / _s
	36.3.2.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Kham To	e → i / _{s,#}
	36.3.2.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to lCog Rtse	K → ʔ / _s
	36.3.2.2.4 Proto-rGyalrongic to Suo Mo	i → iɛ / _s
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	P → p / s_
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	o → e / _s
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Iroquoian	p → ∅ / C_ ! s_
	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	n → h / _st
	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	j → ∅ / ts_
	37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian	iji(ː) → hi(ː) / {k,s}_ “(possibly after all non-glottal obstruents)”
	37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian	h → ∅ / #_s
	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	j → ∅ / ts_
		h → ∅ / s_w
		C → ∅ / {s,k}_#
		Ch → ∅ / _s#
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	n → ∅ / _s
		n hn sC → t th Ch / s_
		k → h / _{t,ts,s,ʃ}
		j → ∅ / ts_
		∅ → k / s_(h)w
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	h → ∅ / {t,ts,s,k}_
	37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga	n → ∅ / _s
		h → ∅ / _sn
		h → ∅ / _{k,t,ts,s}#
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	n → ∅ / _s
	37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk	∅ → e / {tsh,s,n}_r
		∅ → e / {#,V}s_n
		∅ → e / {#,V}s_w
		— wə̃ → ũ / {h,s}_
		— j → ∅ / ts_
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	h → ∅ / k_{s,ts}
		h → ∅ / _{sk,st}
		h → ∅ / {st,tst}_
		h → ∅ / ts_r ! “in pre-pausal forms, see also below”
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	n → ∅ / _s
		j → ∅ / _ts
		V → Vː / _{t,k(ʷ),s,n,r,j,w} “in even penultimate syllables”
		h → ∅ / _{tk,nh,sC,C#}
		r → h / s_
		C → ∅ / s_#
		C[-glottal] → ∅ / _s#
		k → ∅ / _hts
		a(ː) → õ(ː) / V[+nas]({ʔ,s})w_
	37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora	”V → ”Vː / _{k(ʷ),(ˀ)t}{s,R,H} (“penultimate syllables only”)
		h → ∅ / k_{s,ts,tʃ}
		∅ → t / hs_r
	37.1.2.6.2 Tuscarora to Eastern Tuscarora	r → ∅ / st_
	37.2 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Siouan	{t,h} → ∅ / s_
	37.2.2 Proto-Siouan to Dakota	r → d / s_
	37.2.3 Proto-Siouan to Mandan	t → ∅ / _s
	37.2.7.1 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Biloxi	k → ∅ / ”Vs_
41 Trans-New Guinea	41.5.2.2 Proto-Kainantu to Awa	N → n / _{v,k,s}
42 Uralic	42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic	w → ∅ / o_st (*)
	42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic	n → ∅ / _{s,ts}
	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	i → ∅ / {VC,ks}_ at the ends of a suffix
	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	{p,t,k} → ∅ / _st
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	t → ∅ / s_r
	42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian	Vn → Vː / _s
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.4 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Nahuatl	p → ∅ / {#,V_s}_
	43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisu	h → ∅ / V_tsV
	43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisu	h → ∅ / _{n,s,ʔ}
	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	p → w / {#,V_s}_
	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	i → ∅ / ts_#
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes	47.2 List 2: Conditional or complex consonant changes	n → i / _s and sometimes other fricatives (Montana Salish)