Index Diachronica: involving /w/

454 results from /w/ 362 results to /w/ 160 results with context involving /w/

from /w/

454 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Omotic	w → ∅ / #C_V, except _i(ː)
	6.1.1 Proto-Omotic to North Omotic	Cw → C
	6.2.2 Proto-Erythrean to Proto-North Erythrean	V{j,w} → Vː / C_C
	6.2.2.1.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Boreafrasian	{ɲ,ŋw} → n
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	xw → ɣw → ħ
		ɡwVq → ʕ
		k(w) → tʃ / #_Vt
		ɡ(w) → dʒ / #_Vd
	6.2.2.1.4 Proto-Boreafrasian to Proto-Semitic	ɣ(w) → ɡ / #_Vx
		kʼ(w) → k / #dlV_
		w → ∅ / _C
	6.2.2.1.5 Proto-Semitic to Classical Arabic	V{j,w}V → aː / some sequences
	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	w → v / _%
	6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic	aj aw → eː oː / in U[+closed]
	6.2.2.1.10 Classical Arabic to Hassāniyya Arabic	aj aw → eː(ʲ) oː(ʷ) (sometimes, the article is unclear)
		— j w → i u / #_CV
		— j w → iː uː / #_CC
	6.2.2.1.11 Classical Arabic to Iraqi Arabic	aj aw → eː oː
	6.2.2.1.12 Classical Arabic to Eastern Libyan Arabic	aj aw → e(ː,j) o(ː,w)
	6.2.2.1.13 Classical Arabic to Western Libyan Arabic	aj aw → eː oː
	6.2.2.1.17 Classical Arabic to Tunisian Arabic	aj aw → {aj,eː,iː aw,oː,uː}
	6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew	— aw → aːw
	6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew	— aj aw → eː oː
	6.2.2.1.19 Biblical Hebrew to Modern Israeli Hebrew	w θ ð ɣ → v t d ɡ (sometimes)
7 Algonquian	7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki	iw → o / _#
		w → ∅ / _# ! k(ː)_
		w → ∅ / C_ ! C = K
	7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki	iw → o / _#
		w → ∅ / _# ! k(ː)_
		w → ∅ / C_ ! C = K
	7.3 Proto-Algonquian to Proto-Arapaho-Atsina	we → o
	7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot	hkw → ʔk
		nkw → ʔː
		w → j / {r,k}_i#
		w → ∅ / C_
		{jiː,ja,ahi} {owaː,awa,awe} awi {iːwa,eːwa,aji,aje,ani} → i oː o(ji) iː / C_C
		eLwi → iː
		i(ː)wi → iː / medially
		i(ː)wi → i / _#
		w → j / _i
		w → ∅ / {a,o}_iC
		{we,wiː} → o / #_
	7.5 Proto-Algonquian to Cheyenne	w j → {v,o} {t,e}
	7.6 Proto-Algonquian to Northern East Cree	we → o
		lwi → jo
		wi → o / C_
	7.7 Proto-Algonquian to Southern East Cree	we → o
		lwi → jo
		wi → o / C_
	7.8 Proto-Algonquian to Plains Cree	we → o
		lwi → jo
		wi → o / C_
	7.9 Proto-Algonquian to Swampy Cree	we → o
		lwi → jo
		wi → o / C_
	7.10 Proto-Algonquian to Woods Cree	we → o
		lwi → jo
		wi → o / C_
	7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware	w → ∅ / m_C
		w → ∅ / {p,m}_#
		w → ∅ / ! {k,p,m}_
		kw pw mw → kʷ pʷ mʷ
		we → wə → oː / ! adjacent to {p,m,k}
	7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee	we je → o i / _C
		we → o / #_
		w → ∅ / h_V
		{w,j} → ∅ / C_#
		wi(ː) → o(ː) / C_w
		{wiː,jiː,weː,jeː,wæː,jæː} {wi,ji,we,je,wæ,jæ} → iː i / C_
		wa ja → uə̯ iə̯ / C_
	7.14 Proto-Algonquian to Mi’kmaq	o(ː) waː eː iː → u o e i
		(aw)aha → aː
		{awa,iwa,iwi} → uː
		{o,a}wi → oː
	7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe	we e → o i
		w → ∅ / {t,r}_i
		{j,w}V[-long] → ∅ / C_# in disyllables with Vː or in tri(-plus-)syllables
		{w,j}V[-long] → ∅ / Vː_# (Whimemsz is unsure if this change is across-the-board or not)
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	we → o
		w → ∅ / t_i
		wa → o / #_
8 Altaic	8.1.1 Early Middle Japanese to Modern Japanese	(w)e → je
		w → ∅ / ! _{a,o}
		w → ∅ / _o
		w → ∅ / k_a
	8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak	ew (→ øj) → yj
	8.5.1.1 Proto-Kypchak to Kazakh	w → ∅ / ɯ_
	8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyz	{u,ɯ}w {i,y}w aw {æ,e}w → uː yː oː øː
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen	w → ∅ / tʰV_k (conjectured)
	9.1.2.1 Middle Vietnamese to Hanoi Vietnamese	{β,w} {dʲ,ɟ} → v z
	9.1.2.1 Middle Vietnamese to Hanoi Vietnamese	w → ∅ / tV_wk (conjectured)
	9.1.2.2 Middle Vietnamese to Saigon Vietnamese	{β,w} → bj~vj~v
	9.1.2.2 Middle Vietnamese to Saigon Vietnamese	w → ∅ / tV_wk (conjectured)
10 Austronesian	10.1.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan	w → ∅ / #_
		iw uj → {i,?} i / _#
		— aj aw → ej ow / _#
		— aj aw → e ow / _#
	10.1.1.1 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Balinese	w → b / i_#
	10.1.1.1 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Balinese	ej ow → i u
	10.1.1.2 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sasak	iw ow ej → i o e / _#
	10.1.1.3 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sumbawan	w → ∅ / i_#
	10.1.1.3 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sumbawan	ej ow → e o / _#
	10.1.1.5 Proto-Polynesian to Luangiua	w → v
	10.1.2.1 Proto-Philippine to Bicol	iw → uj
	10.1.2.2 Proto-Philippine to Cebuano	iw → uj
	10.1.2.3 Proto-Philippine to Hiligaynon	iw → uj
	10.1.2.4 Proto-Philippine to Ibanag	iw → uj
	10.1.2.6 Proto-Philippine to Ilocano	iw → uj
	10.1.2.8 Proto-Philippine to Kankanay	iw → uj
	10.1.2.9 Proto-Philippine to Tagalog	uj iw → oj uj / _#
	10.1.2.10 Proto-Philippine to Waray	iw → uj
	10.2 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Batak	w → ∅ / i_#
	10.2.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Chamic	wa → u / #_
		w → ∅ / #_
		i iw u → ɔj ? ɔw / _#
	10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro	iw → u
	10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro	j w → dz ɡʷ
	10.2.3 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayic	w → ∅ / #_
		{iw,uj} → i / _#
		— aj aw → i u / _#
		— aj aw → aj aw / _#
	10.2.4 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayo-Javanic	— aw aj → əw əj / _#
	10.2.4 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayo-Javanic	— aw aj → aw aj / _#
	10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese	iw uj → ju i / _#
		— əw əj → i u / _#
		— aw aj → e ó / _#
	10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese	ij uw → uj {uj,ój} / _#
	10.2.4.3 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Sundanese	w → {∅,c} / #_
		iw uj → {ju,i} oj / _#
		— əw əj → o e / _#
		— aw aj → o aj / _#
	10.2.5 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Palauan	aj aw uj → e o i
		wa → o / #_ when unstressed
		{aw,əw} → o / _#
		wə → u / #_
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	w j → v ɟ
	10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lóngh	j w → z v
	10.3 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Oceanic	e {uj,iw} → o i
	10.3 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Oceanic	aw → o / _#
	10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàc	{p,pw,k} → ∅ / V_V
	10.3.5.3 Proto-New Caledonia to Nemi-Pije-Fwai	bw mw → ɡ ŋ
	10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	pw p t ʈ k c → (v)w v r l ɣ j / V_V
	10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	pw → w
	10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	p pw t̪ ʈ c → v (v)w r l j / V_V
		pw → w (sporadic)
		w → ɣ (sporadic, conditioning unknown)
	10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	bw mw → ɡ ŋ
	10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	p pw t {k,c} → {v,∅} w l ∅ / V_V
	10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	bw mw → ɡw ŋw (→ ɡ ŋ / _V[+ rounded])
	10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga	p pw t̪ ʈ k c → v w ð l ∅ j / V_V
	10.3.9 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Utupua	w → ∅ (? Tanibili [w] may just be phonetically determined)
	10.3.9.3 Proto-Utupua to Tanibili	pʷ bw → p b
	10.3.10.1 Proto-Vanikoro to Buma	pʷ bw mʷ → p b m
	10.3.10.2 Proto-Vanikoro to Tanema	pʷ w → b ∅
	10.3.10.3 Proto-Vanikoro to Vano	w → {∅,w}
	10.3.11 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Southern Vanuatu	q (→ kw ?) → v (rare)
	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	w → v
10.3.11.3 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Tanna	{vʷ,w} → kʷ
10.5.2 Proto-Ongan to Onge	{w,r} → ∅ / {a,e}_#
10.5.2 Proto-Ongan to Onge	aw → o
10.6.2 Proto-Paiwan to Central Paiwan	w → v / _#
13 Chumashan	13.3 Proto-Chumash to Inseño	ˀN ˀw → N w
13 Chumashan	13.4 Proto-Chumash to Obispeño	ˀw → w (may have remained glottalized)
14 Elamo-Dravidian	14.1 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Proto-Dravidian	w → v / #_{i,e}lV
	14.1 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Proto-Dravidian	w → v / V_
	14.2 Proto-Elamo-Dravidian to Achaemanid Elamite	w → ú / V_ (McAlpin uses the accented-vowel notation due to some apparent height-contrast neutralizations before /a/)
17 Indo-European	17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite	w → m / _u
		w → m / u_
		aj aw → ɛː uː / !_{s,n,r,l}
	17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian	w → b / C_
	17.2.4 Common Anatolian to Lydian	w (→ v?) → f / s_
	17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic	w → j / “in *díwots > Tiyaz ‘sun-god’; conditioning unknown”
	17.3.1 Proto-Indo-European to Artsakh Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
	17.3.2 Proto-Indo-European to Erevan Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
	17.3.3 Proto-Indo-European to Istanbul Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
	17.3.4 Proto-Indo-European to Kharpert Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
	17.3.5 Proto-Indo-European to Sebastia Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
	17.3.6 Proto-Indo-European to Southeast Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
	17.3.7 Proto-Indo-European to Southwest Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
	17.4.1 Proto-Indo-European to Avestan	hw → ŋʷh / a_a
	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	w → f / #_
		w → ∅ / {#,C}C_
		w → ∅ / {θ,x}_
		w → ∅ / V_{V,#}
		w → v / else
	17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh	w → ɡw / #_
	17.6 Proto-Indo-European to Dacian	oi wo wj ow → ai wa vi aw
		{kʷ,kw} {ɡʷ,ɡw} → tʃ dʒ (→ s~z z ?) / _E
		{kʷ,kw} {ɡʷ,ɡw} → k ɡ / else
	17.7 Proto-Indo-European to Common Germanic	{i,j} {u,w} → j w / V[+short]C_
	17.7 Proto-Indo-European to Common Germanic	{i,j} {u,w} → ij uw
	17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic	— ew → iw
		iw → ju / [- stress]
		w → u̯ / V[- long]_{#,C}
		w → ∅ / oː_j
		oːw æːj → ɔː ɛː / _V
		Vw → u / _s (to wit, the vowel is deleted and the *w syllabifies)
	17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English	eːɑw iːw → ew ju
		{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
		hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
	17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English	eːɑw iːw → ew ju
		{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
		hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
	17.7.2.1.5 Early Modern English to American English	w → ∅ / C_ɹ for some C (toward(s), quart(er), sword)
	17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English	eːɑw iːw → ew ju
		{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
		hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
	17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots	xw → ʍ
	17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots	{w,k} → ∅ / _{n,r}
	17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English	eːɑw iːw → ew ju
		{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
		hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
	17.7.2.1.14 Anglo-Frisian to Old Frisian	aj aw ew → {eː,aː} aː ja
	17.7.2.2.1 Old Low Franconian to Middle Dutch	iw → yw (dialectal)
	17.7.2.2.1 Old Low Franconian to Middle Dutch	{uː,uw} u → ɔw o (except in the southeast)
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	w j → b ɡ / {l,r}_ (occasionally otherwise)
		w → ∅ / {ou,øy,yː}_
		w → v
		aːw → au
	17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse	wi → u / Ci_C
		{æ,e}ː(w(a)) → aː
		(w)u(ː) i(ː) → (w)o(ː) e(ː) / _(C)(C)a ! CC = NC or one C = {ʀ,j}
		w{o,u}ːwuː j{e,i}ːjiː → uː iː
		w → ∅ / _w
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	b {w,v} d ð ɡ → p f t θ k / _#
		a(i) {e,w{æ,i}} {we,ei} (w)ɪ → ey ø y ʏ / w_ ! hw_
		w → ∅ / C_o
		waː naː → oː noː / %u in #U
		{(j)u,we}ː {o,ɒ}ː aː au → yː øː æː æy
		{u,we,wi} {o,ɒ} a au juː → y ø æ æy yː / _(C)(C)(C)i
wa we wi → ɒː øː yː / #P_
w → ∅ / #P_Vː
{v,w} → ∅ / #_V[+ round]
ai wi (w)V → eː weː (w)Vː / _h#
{æ,e}i ai au w{ɪ,i} wy wV iu Vː → eː aː oː weː woː wVː eː oː V
hw → ∅ / ! #_
woː wøː jæː Vː → wo wøje V[- long] / _%
w → v / #_
17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	waː → wo
17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	w → v
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	hw hj → {w,ʍ} ʃ
17.7.4 Common Germanic to Vandalic	w → {ɡw,v} / #_
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek	w → ∅
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek	ej ow → eː oː
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek	VCw → VːC
	w → ∅
	ej ow → eː oː happened “in the various Ionic dialects at various dates”
17.9 Proto-Indo-European to Hittite	w → m / u_
17.10.1.1 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Central Middle Indo-Aryan	a{i,j}(a) a{u,w}(a) → e o
17.10.1.1 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Central Middle Indo-Aryan	j w → dʒ b / V_V
17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan	a{i,j}(a) a{u,w}(a) → e o
17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan	j w → dʒ b / V_V
17.10.1.3 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Northwestern Middle Indo-Aryan	a{i,j}(a) a{u,w}(a) → e o
	j w → dʒ b / V_V
17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-Aryan	a{i,j}(a) a{u,w}(a) → e o
17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-Aryan	j w → dʒ b / V_V
17.10.1.5.1 Vedic Sanskrit to Classical Sanskrit	w → v
17.11 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Slavic	w → v
17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish	w → ∅ / {r,b}_
	w → ∅ / C_#
	w → ∅ / C_C (sporadic)
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	aw → oː (in rustic dialects)
	aw → au
	{ew,ow} → ou → uː
	w → u / t_
	w → ∅ / s_o
	dw → b
	w → ∅ / ɡV_{l,r}
17.12.1.1.1 Classical Latin vs. Vulgar Latin	w → β
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan	u → w → ∅ / (“when in unstressed penult or between first and tonic syllables; irregular”)
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan	w → ∅ / u_#
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French	— w → ɡu / “from Germanic loanwords”
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French	oi → wɛ → wa
17.12.1.1.4 Vulgar Latin to Italian	tj ks w → ts sː ɡw
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese	w → u / _”V
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese	w → ∅ / _V
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal	w → v → ∅ / _u (“restored by analogy in many words”)
	w → v → ∅ / _”o
	w → v → β
	w → ∅ / C_B (when from earlier B?)
	— Loaned w → ɡw
	βw tw → wː dw → ɡʷ ɡʷ → ɡ ɡ
	{d,k}w → ɡʷ → ɡ
	{l,r}w {n,ŋk,ŋɡ}w → lɡʷ ŋɡʷ → lɡ ŋɡ
	pw → upw → up → ub
	w → ∅ / s_ ?
17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanian	w → ∅ / {k,ɡ}_
17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian	{b,v,w} → ∅ / V_V
	kw ɡw → pː bː / #_ (“[o]nly Logudorese”)
	w → ∅ / #k_V
17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	— βɣ → wɣ → ɣw
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian	ow aw ew → ɛu au əw
17.13.1 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian A	{a,ɛ}u əw → o u
17.13.1 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian A	{kʷ,kw} → k
17.13.2 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian B	{a,ɛ}u əw → au u
	w → ∅ / _j
	C[+ coronal]w → Cː
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama	w → ∅ / k_w
	18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama	w → u / k_
	18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó	w → {ɡ,k} / {#,V}_
19 Kartvelian	19.1 Proto-Kartvelian to Georgian	w → v
19 Kartvelian	19.3 Proto-Kartvelian to Zan	w → v
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1 Proto-Lenmichian to Proto-Chibchan	w → ∅
	23.1.1.1.2 Proto-Chibchan to Chibcha	w → {w,∅}
	23.1.1.1.5 Proto-Chibchan to Motilón	{w,m} → b
25 Macro-Panoan	25.1.3 Proto-Tacanan to Reyesano	w → β / _E ?
25 Macro-Panoan	25.1.4 Proto-Tacanan to Tacana	w → β / _E
26 Mande	26.1 Proto-Mande to Bobo	w → ɡ
	26.5 Proto-Mande to Kono-Vai	{ɡ,w,kp} kpʼ ɡb → k kp b
	26.6 Proto-Mande to Southwest Mande	w → ɡ
	26.7 Proto-Mande to Mandekan	w j → k dʒ
	26.11 Proto-Mande to Sembla	tʼ {kʼ,ɡ,w} → {t,d} k
	26.12 Proto-Mande to Soninka	{w,ŋ} → j
	26.13 Proto-Mande to Susu	w → x
27 Mayan	27.3 Proto-Mayan to Huastecan	w → b
27 Mayan	27.5 Proto-Mayan to Kaqchikel-Tz’utujil	ɓ w → ʔ j / VCV_#
28 Muskogean	28.2.1 Proto-Western Muskogean to Chickasaw	aw → o
29 Na-Dene	29.1.1.1.7 Proto-Athabaskan to Deg Hit’an	w → v (→ w in Shageluk dialect)
	29.1.1.1.10 Proto-Athabaskan to Easter Gwich’in	j w → ʒ v
	29.1.1.1.12 Proto-Athabaskan to Holikachuk	w (→ b?) → m
	29.1.1.1.14 Proto-Athabaskan to Lower Koyukon	w (→ b?) → m
	29.1.1.1.15 Proto-Athabaskan to Upper Koyukon	w → m / _Vn (sporadic)
	29.1.1.1.15 Proto-Athabaskan to Upper Koyukon	w → b
30 Niger-Congo	30.3.1.1.4 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Gen	w → ŋ
	30.3.1.1.7 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Vhe	w → ɣ / _{a,E}
	30.3.1.1.7 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Vhe	w → {w,ŋ}
31 Nyulnyulan	31.1 Proto-Nyulnyulan to Bardi	{w,j} → ∅ / #_
		{w,j} → ∅ / V₀_V₀
		awu → o
		i{w,j} → ∅ / _a, when unstressed
32 Oto-Manguean	32.2 Proto-Oto-Manguean to Tlapanec	{ns,nt} nkʷ nj nw → (n)d (m)b r m
34 Quechumaran	34.4 Proto-Quechumaran to Huarás	aw aj {uj,ij} → uː eː iː
	34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiago	w → ∅ / V_V
	34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiago	w → m / _%N
	34.9 Proto-Quechumaran to Tena	w → ∅ / #_i
35 Salishan	35.1.1 Proto-Central Salish to Comox	w j → ɡ dʒ / _V
	35.1.5 Proto-Central Salish to Klallam	w j → kʷ tʃ / _V
	35.1.6 Proto-Central Salish to Lushootseed	w j → ɡʷ dz / _V
	35.1.9 Proto-Central Salish to Saanich Northern Straits	j w → tʃ kʷ / _V
	35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern Straits	j w → tʃ kʷ / _V
	35.1.11 Proto-Central Salish to Sooke Northern Straits	j w → tʃ kʷ / _V
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1 Proto-Sino-Tibetan to Middle Chinese	Kw → Kʷ- / _a-
		Kwə- → Kʷɨ-
		w → r → ∅ / P_-
	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	w → o / Cʲ_?w
		w → ∅ / C̣Cʲ_?w (“optional”)
		w → ∅ / w?_
	36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà	w → u / _V
		w → {v,u}
		iʔ iw → eʔ ew / C̣_ (the latter with variant iɛu?)
		jew → au / C̣(C?)_
		jew → iau / else
		wɔ → ɔ (occasionally → uɔ after a guttural?)
		wɔʔ → uɔʔ / C[+guttural]_
		wɔʔ → ɔʔ / else
		wɔn ja wa → uɔn ia ua
		waʔ → aʔ / C[+labiodental]_
		waʔ → uaʔ
		aj jaj waj aw jaw → ai iai uai au iau
		awʔ → ɔʔ (“Trigault gives a variant in -ɛʔ, which becomes general in the later GH varieties”)
		{jawʔ,wawʔ} → ɔʔ / C̣_
		jawʔ wawʔ → iɔʔ uɔʔ
		wan → an / C[+labiodental]_
		wan → uan / else
		waŋ → uaŋ
		əjʔ əw {əm,ən} → eʔ ɛu ɛn
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	w → ʔ / something to do with either back vowels or prefixes
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	ew iw → im ju
	36.3.2.1.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Chos Kia	w → ∅ / ŋ_
	36.3.2.1.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Chos Kia	iw → jo
	36.3.2.1.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Hanniu	C[+ sibilant]w → s
	36.3.2.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Kham To	C[+ sibilant]w ç Pç Nç çl → s ʂ ʃ mʃ ʃl
	36.3.2.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Kham To	ŋ(w) N{ŋ,nj} → ȵ mɳ
	36.3.2.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to lCog Rtse	*w → ʔ / something to do either with back vowels or prefixes
	36.3.2.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to lCog Rtse	ew iw → i jo
	36.3.2.2.5 Proto-rGyalrongic to Trung	C[+ sibilant]w → s
	36.3.2.2.6 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tsa Ku Nao	C[+ sibilant]w → sj
	36.3.2.2.6 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tsa Ku Nao	ew e ej → ə i ei
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	C[+ sibilant]w ç → swdz sdz
		ŋ(w) → ȵ(wj)
		aw aj → au ai
		iw ij → iu ei
	36.3.2.2.8 Proto-rGyalrongic to Wassu	ew → i
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Iroquoian	w → ∅ / _{o,õ,ı̃}
	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	w → ∅ / h_i
		w → ∅ / t(h)_
		{wV,jV} → Vː[+low falling tone]
		a(ː)wẽ(ː) → a(ː)ma(ː)
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	{r,w} → ∅ / _j
		w → ∅ / #_
		w → ∅ / _{r,#}
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	w j → m ɲ / between two vowels of unlike nasality
	37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga	Vw → Vː / _{r,j}
	37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk	w → ∅ / _jh
		— wə̃ → ũ / {h,s}_
		— wh → f
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	hw → ∅ / õ_
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	w → ∅ / _{r,j}
	37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora	w → ∅ / _jh
	37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora	n r w j → n̥ r̥ w̥ j̊ / _{#,O}
	37.1.2.6.1 Tuscarora to Western Tuscarora	w → ∅ / _j
	37.2.2 Proto-Siouan to Dakota	w → p / _t
	37.2.3 Proto-Siouan to Mandan	w → m
	37.2.4 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago	w → ∅ / _t
	37.2.5 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Crow-Hidatsa	wt → wV₀tV₀
	37.2.6 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Dhegiha	w → ∅ / _t
	37.2.6 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Dhegiha	w → β (sporadic, allophonic)
	37.2.6.1 Proto-Dhegiha to Kansa	w → b / #_
	37.2.6.2 Proto-Dhegiha to Omaha-Ponca	w → m / #_
	37.2.6.3 Proto-Dhegiha to Osage	w → b / #_
	37.2.7 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Ohio-Valley	{w,m} → ∅ / _t
	37.2.7.1 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Biloxi	w → ∅ / #_ (sporadic)
	37.2.7.2 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Ofo	w → ∅ / #_ (sporadic)
38 Tai-Kadai	38.1.1.1 Proto-Tai to Ahom	w → ∅ / m_
	38.1.1.2 Proto-Tai to Saek	w → ∅ / m_
	38.1.1.3 Proto-Tai to Central Tai	{m,w} → v
	38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai	mw f → f {f,v,w,h}
	38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai	{w,m} → v
	38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai	w → ∅ / m_
39 Tanoan	39.2 Proto-Tanoan to Kiowa	w → j
41 Trans-New Guinea	41.5.1.2 Proto-Gorokan to North Fore	Nw Nm N{n,j} → ŋk mp nt
	41.5.1.3 Proto-Gorokan to South Fore	Nw Nm N{n,j} → ŋk mp nt
	41.5.2.1 Proto-Kainantu to Auyana	N{w,d,r} nj → ŋk nt (not sure if nj is supposed to be ɲɟ)
	41.5.2.2 Proto-Kainantu to Awa	ʔw ʔb ʔd ʔɡ → m p t k
	41.5.2.3 Proto-Kainantu to Gadsup	nw nr → mb nd
	41.5.2.4 Proto-Kainantu to Usarufa	N{w,r} Nj → ʔk ʔt
42 Uralic	42.1 Proto-Uralic to Pre-Finnic	iw ow → y uː / _(C) (*)
		Aw → o / unstressed (possibly analogical)
		iw → u / unstressed
	42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic	uwa → oː (*)
		Uwi ewi → oː øː
		wI → i
		uw ij → ow ej / _C
		w → ∅ / o_st (*)
		w → ʋ
	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	j w → i U / V_{C,#}
	42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian	w → ʋ / #_o
	42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian	wo → ʊ / P_
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.1 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Comanche	{w,j} → ∅ / medial
	43.2 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Hopi	w → l / {#,V[+low]}_V[+low]
	43.2 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Hopi	w → ŋʷ / ɨ_n_
	43.4 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Nahuatl	w → ∅ / _o
	43.5.1.2 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Mono	kw → q / _a
	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	w → ɡ
44 Vasconic	44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque	{w,y} → ∅ / _ja
44 Vasconic	44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque	{w,β}h → f
45 Yuman-Cochimı́	45.1.1 Proto-Pai to Chapai	{w,j} → ∅ / a_
45 Yuman-Cochimı́	45.1.2 Proto-Pai to Paipai	aw aj → o e
46 Vowel Shifts	46.7 Great Vowel Shift (English)	iː uː → əj əw → ɑj ɑw
	46.7 Great Vowel Shift (English)	aː ɔː → ɛː oː → eː ow → ej (əw)
	46.14 Pre-Slavic Vowel Changes	ew → ju
	46.14 Pre-Slavic Vowel Changes	aw → u
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes	47.1 List 1: Simple Consonant Changes	w → p (Navajo, some Polynesian languages)
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes	47.2 List 2: Conditional or complex consonant changes	w → f (Common Celtic; I’m not sure of the conditions)

to /w/

362 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.1.1.3 North Omotic to Kafa	b → w / _$#
	6.1.1.3 North Omotic to Kafa	h₂ → w / #_
	6.1.1.4 North Omotic to Maale	b → w / V_V
	6.1.1.4 North Omotic to Maale	h₂ → w / #_
	6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho	b → w / V_V
	6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho	h₂ → w / #_
	6.1.1.6 North Omotic to Wolaytta	b → w / V_V
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	b → w / V_V
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	h₂ → w / #_
	6.1.1.8 North Omotic to Zayse-Zergulla	b → w / V_V
	6.2.1.1.3 Proto-Agaw to Kemantney	xʷ ɢʷ → w ɣʷ
	6.2.1.1.4 Proto-Agaw to Xamtanga	{xʷ,ɢʷ} → w / else
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	xw → ɣw → ħ
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	qu → w / _{f,s} (sporadic)
	6.2.2.1.10 Classical Arabic to Hassāniyya Arabic	ʔ → {∅,j,w} / depending on the environment; again, the article is unclear
	6.2.2.1.12 Classical Arabic to Eastern Libyan Arabic	aj aw → e(ː,j) o(ː,w)
	6.2.2.1.17 Classical Arabic to Tunisian Arabic	aj aw → {aj,eː,iː aw,oː,uː}
	6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew	— aw → aːw
7 Algonquian	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	ʃ m → x w / _B
	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	ʃ m → x w / B_#
	7.3.2 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Gros Ventre	ʃ θ m → θ t w / _o(ː)
	7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware	we → wə → oː / ! adjacent to {p,m,k}
8 Altaic	8.1 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Japonic	b → w / ! _{a,ə,Vj}
	8.1.1 Early Middle Japanese to Modern Japanese	ɸ → w / V_V
	8.1.1 Early Middle Japanese to Modern Japanese	∅ → w / _o
	8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak	v → w
		ɣ → w / {a,u,i,o}_
		{e,æ}b ub → ew uw
		ɡ → w / V_
		f → w / _V
	8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha	o oɡ ø øɡ iɡ → wo ɥø oː øː iː
	8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha	a{ɡ̌(ɯ),b} {o{ɡ̌,b},aɡ̌u} u{ɡ̌,b} → ɰa wo uː
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese	{pj,bj} {tj,dj} {cj,ɟj} → {β,w} dʲ ɟ
10 Austronesian	10.1.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan	— aj aw → ej ow / _#
	10.1.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan	— aj aw → e ow / _#
	10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananen	β → w / V[+ high]_a
	10.2.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Chamic	i iw u → ɔj ? ɔw / _#
	10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro	∅ → w / u_a
		∅ → w / a_u
		∅ → w / #_V
	10.2.3 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayic	— aj aw → aj aw / _#
	10.2.4 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayo-Javanic	— aw aj → əw əj / _#
	10.2.4 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayo-Javanic	— aw aj → aw aj / _#
	10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese	b → w / ! adjacent to another consonant
	10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese	h → {o,h,w} / V_V
	10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese	b → {w,∅} / #_
	10.2.5 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Palauan	∅ → w / u_V
	10.2.5 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Palauan	p → w
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	u → əw / _V “(also cases of (C)u → w /__V)”
	10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lóngh	i u → əj əw / _V(C)#
	10.3.1 Proto-Oceanic to Hawai’ian	ŋ r v → n l w
	10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw	βʷ bʷ mʷ → w kʷ ŋʷ
	10.3.3 Proto-Oceanic to Lemerig	p pʷ k q → β w ɣ ∅
	10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap	p pʷ bʷ k ɡ → β w kpʷ ɣ k
	10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	pw p t ʈ k c → (v)w v r l ɣ j / V_V
		pw → w
		pwʰ pʰ tʰ kʰ → fw f rʰ x / in Nelemwa
	10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	p pw t̪ ʈ c → v (v)w r l j / V_V
	10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	pw → w (sporadic)
	10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	p pw t {k,c} → {v,∅} w l ∅ / V_V
	10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ	bw mw → ɡw ŋw (→ ɡ ŋ / _V[+ rounded])
	10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga	p pw t̪ ʈ k c → v w ð l ∅ j / V_V
	10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	v t l r → p dr n w / _#
	10.3.9.1 Proto-Utupua to Asuboa	p → w / _B
	10.3.9.1 Proto-Utupua to Asuboa	pʷ mʷ → w m
	10.3.10.3 Proto-Vanikoro to Vano	w → {∅,w}
	10.3.11 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Southern Vanuatu	q (→ kw ?) → v (rare)
	10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakel	kʷ → {w,u}
	10.3.11.3.3 Proto-Tanna to North Tanna	kʷ → {w,u}
	10.3.11.3.3 Proto-Tanna to North Tanna	v → {w,u} (“sporadically”)
	10.3.12 Proto-Oceanic to Vera’a	p pʷ k q → β w ɣ ∅
	10.4.1 Proto-Micronesian to Marshallese	∅ → w / #_{C[+round],V[+round]}
	10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan	{qʷ,ku,qu} → kʷ (note that PAn might have had qʷ kʷ → q {k,w} instead; may be a change from POn-PAn, if it existed)
11 Northeast Caucasian	11.5.1 Proto-Lezgic to Agul	b d → {b,w} {d,z}
	11.5.4 Proto-Lezgic to Rutul	b d → {b,w} {d,z}
	11.5.4 Proto-Lezgic to Rutul	tɬː tɬʼ tɬːʼ dɮ → xʲ qʼ q(ʼ) {w,xʲ,j}
	11.5.5 Proto-Lezgic to Tabassaran	b d → {b,w} {d,z}
12 Northwest Caucasian	12.1 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Abazgi	tʷː tʷʲ(ʼ) → d(w) tʷ(ʼ)
	12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassian	qˤʲʷ {qˤʲʷː,qˤʲʷ} ʁˤʲʷ → ħ ʔʷ w~ʁʷ
	12.2.2 Proto-Circassian to Kabardian	dɮ dzʲ dzʷ dʑ ɡʲ → ʒ ʑ {v,w} ʒ dʒ
	12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh	tɬʷ(ː) tɬʷʼ dɮʷ → tsʷ ts(ʷ)ʼ w
	12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh	qˤʲʷ {qˤʲʷː,qˤʲʷ} ʁˤʲʷ → χʷ qʷʼ w
13 Chumashan	13.3 Proto-Chumash to Inseño	ˀN ˀw → N w
13 Chumashan	13.4 Proto-Chumash to Obispeño	ˀw → w (may have remained glottalized)
14 Elamo-Dravidian	14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil	avu aji → aw aj
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.1 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Aleut	v → w / a_a (in eastern dialects)
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.1 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Aleut	m → w / #_
17 Indo-European	17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwian	kʷ → w
	17.2.4 Common Anatolian to Lydian	j u → ð w / #_
	17.3.1 Proto-Indo-European to Artsakh Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
		p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		bʱ dʱ ɡ́ʱ ɡʱ ɡʷʱ → {w,v} d z ɡ ʒ
		j → w / _o
		N → w / S_S
	17.3.2 Proto-Indo-European to Erevan Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
		p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		bʱ dʱ ɡ́ʱ ɡʱ ɡʷʱ → {w,v} d z ɡ ʒ
		j → w / _o
		N → w / S_S
	17.3.3 Proto-Indo-European to Istanbul Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
		p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		bʱ dʱ ɡ́ʱ ɡʱ ɡʷʱ → {w,v} d z ɡ ʒ
		j → w / _o
		N → w / S_S
	17.3.4 Proto-Indo-European to Kharpert Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
		p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		bʱ dʱ ɡ́ʱ ɡʱ ɡʷʱ → {w,v} d z ɡ ʒ
		j → w / _o
		N → w / S_S
	17.3.5 Proto-Indo-European to Sebastia Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
		p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		bʱ dʱ ɡ́ʱ ɡʱ ɡʷʱ → {w,v} d z ɡ ʒ / ! _#
		j → w / _o
		N → w / S_S
	17.3.6 Proto-Indo-European to Southeast Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
		p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		bʱ dʱ ɡ́ʱ ɡʱ ɡʷʱ → {w,v} d z ɡ ʒ
		j → w / _o
		N → w / S_S
	17.3.7 Proto-Indo-European to Southwest Armenian	{e,o}j ɛw → ɛj ow
		p ḱ k(ʷ) → {w,v} s kʰ
		bʱ dʱ ɡ́ʱ ɡʱ ɡʷʱ → {w,v} d z ɡ ʒ
		j → w / _o
		N → w / S_S
	17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic	— p → w / B_N
	17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh	w → ɡw / #_
	17.6 Proto-Indo-European to Dacian	oi wo wj ow → ai wa vi aw
	17.7 Proto-Indo-European to Common Germanic	{i,j} {u,w} → j w / V[+short]C_
	17.7 Proto-Indo-European to Common Germanic	{i,j} {u,w} → ij uw
	17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic	— ew → iw
	17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English	ɑɣ → ɑw
		{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
		eːɑw iːw → ew ju
		{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
		oɣ → ɔːw / _V
		{o(ː)ht,ɑːht} → ow
		hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
		ɣ → w / C_V
	17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English	ɑɣ → ɑw
		{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
		eːɑw iːw → ew ju
		{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
		oɣ → ɔːw / _V
		{ɑːht,o(ː)ht} → ow
		hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
		ɣ → w / C_V
	17.7.2.1.5 Early Modern English to American English	ʍ → w (regional)
	17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English	ʍ → w
	17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English	ʊə → ʉːwə / “almost always otherwise, but see [above vowel changes after /ɫ/ is formed]”
	17.7.2.1.7 Early Modern English to British English	ʍ → w
	17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English	ɑɣ → ɑw
{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
eːɑw iːw → ew ju
{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
oɣ → ɔːw / _V
{ɑːht,o(ː)ht} → ow
hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
ɣ → w / C_V
17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots	ʍ → xw (some speakers seem to have resisted this)
17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots	— øː → wi / {k,ɡ}_ (in Mid Northern dialects)
17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English	ɑɣ → ɑw
	{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
	eːɑw iːw → ew ju
	{ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
	oɣ → ɔːw / _V
	{ɑːht,o(ː)ht} → ow
	hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
	ɣ → w / C_V
17.7.2.1.13 Middle English to Yola	ʍ → f (at least one instance of → w, before a high front vowel)
17.7.2.2 West Germanic to Old Low Franconian	uː → ʉw / _V (probably, in most areas)
17.7.2.2 West Germanic to Old Low Franconian	uː → ʊw / _V (probably, in areas that did not undergo the above change, such as Limburg)
17.7.2.2.1 Old Low Franconian to Middle Dutch	iw → yw (dialectal)
17.7.2.2.1 Old Low Franconian to Middle Dutch	{uː,uw} u → ɔw o (except in the southeast)
17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse	(w)u(ː) i(ː) → (w)o(ː) e(ː) / _(C)(C)a ! CC = NC or one C = {ʀ,j}
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	ai wi (w)V → eː weː (w)Vː / _h#
	{æ,e}i ai au w{ɪ,i} wy wV iu Vː → eː aː oː weː woː wVː eː oː V
	woː wøː jæː Vː → wo wøje V[- long] / _%
17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	waː → wo
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	hw hj → {w,ʍ} ʃ
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	v → w
17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	v → w / #_
	hv → {h,k,s}w
	aː → wo (dialectal)
17.7.4 Common Germanic to Vandalic	w → {ɡw,v} / #_
17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish	ɫ → w
17.12.1 Proto-Italic to Proto-Latino-Falsican	ɡʷ → w
17.12.1 Proto-Italic to Proto-Latino-Falsican	xʷ → {w,ɡʷ}
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan	u → w → ∅ / (“when in unstressed penult or between first and tonic syllables; irregular”)
	u → w / ”ɛ_#
	l → w / V_CV (“although l was usually restored later”)
	p b t d k ɡ → β {β,w} ∅ {j,w} ɣ {j,∅,ɡ} / V_rV
	p b → b w / V_lV (the latter is irregular)
	{bj,vj} → wʒ / _%”V
	— d → w / _V#
	j ɡj ts z n → tʃ i w s ∅ / _#
	{b,v} → w / V_#
	kʷ → ɡw / V_a
	kʷ → kw / #_”a
	ɡʷ → ɡw / #_a
	ɡʷ → ɡw / C_a
	k → w / V_rV
	{b,v} → w / V_tV
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French	oi → wɛ → wa
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French	oı̃ → wɛ̃
17.12.1.1.4 Vulgar Latin to Italian	tj ks w → ts sː ɡw
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese	u → w / _V (between first and stressed syllables)
	ɫ → w / V_Ca
	kʷ → kw / #_”a
	kʷ → ɡw / V_a
	ɡʷ → ɡw / #_
	ɡʷ → ɡw / C_a
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal	— ɛ ɔ → jɛ wɔ (intermittent, “least common in the southwest”)
	— ɔ → {ɔ,we} (in southwestern dialects)
	β → w / V_C
	— Loaned w → ɡw
	β → v (though sometimes → ɡw instead if analogy interfered)
	kʷ ɡʷ → kw ɡw (in western dialects)
	l → w / V_s
	βw tw → wː dw → ɡʷ ɡʷ → ɡ ɡ
	pw → upw → up → ub
17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	oj → we (sporadic)
	ɛ ɔ → je we
	— βɣ → wɣ → ɣw
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian	u → wə / #_
	uh₁ u{h₂,h₃} → uː → wə wɨ
	ow aw ew → ɛu au əw
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.2.2 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Ofaié-Xavante	m → w / _#
	18.2.2 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Ofaié-Xavante	m → {w,p}
	18.4.1 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Akwára	k b r → {ŋ,∅} {w,m} {n,r,t} / _#
	18.4.1 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Akwára	b → w
	18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama	b → w / else
	18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama	iʔ uʔ → j w / C_V
	18.4.3 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guajajara	b → w / else
	18.4.6 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Kamayurá	b → w / else
	18.4.9.1.2 Proto-Monde to Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró	v → w / #_
	18.4.10 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Urubu	b → w / else
21 Lakes Plain	21.1.1 Proto-Far West to Awera	b d ɡ → β~w ɾ~∅ ɣ / V_V
21 Lakes Plain	21.1.2 Proto-Far West to Saponi	p b d k → p~f w ɾ ɡ~ɣ / V_V
22 Macro-Arawakan	22.2 Proto-Arawá to Banawá-Jamamadi	kʰ ɡ → k w
	22.4 Proto-Arawá to Jarawara	kʰ ɡ → k w
	22.5 Proto-Arawá to Kulína-Dení	ɡ → w
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1.1.2 Proto-Chibchan to Chibcha	w → {w,∅}
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1.1.3 Proto-Chibchan to Kogi	u → w / _a
24 Macro-Pama-Nyungan	24.1.1 Proto-Paman to AritinÅitiÉ£	u[-long]C → Cw / #_
	24.1.1 Proto-Paman to AritinÅitiÉ£	u i → w j / a_ when this a is a result of metathesis (?)
	24.1.2 Proto-Paman to AwÅtim	iC aC uC → Cj Ca Cw / #_ ! before an identical vowel
		u i → w j / a_ when this a is a result of the preceding metathesis
		∅ → w / #(C)uː(C)_V ! _u
	24.1.4 Proto-Paman to Mbiywom	u[-long]C → Cw / #_
	24.1.4 Proto-Paman to Mbiywom	u i → w j / a_ when this a is a result of metathesis (?)
	24.1.7 Proto-Paman to Yinwum	∅ → w / #uː(C)_a
25 Macro-Panoan	25.1.2 Proto-Tacanan to Chama	{r,*ŕ} → {∅,w,j}
26 Mande	26.1 Proto-Mande to Bobo	kp ɡb → k ɡw
27 Mayan	27.3 Proto-Mayan to Huastecan	h → w / _{o,u}
28 Muskogean	28.1.2 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Creek	x → w / a_o
29 Na-Dene	29.1.1.1.7 Proto-Athabaskan to Deg Hit’an	w → v (→ w in Shageluk dialect)
	29.1.1.1.9 Proto-Athabaskan to Dogrib	ts tsʰ tsʼ s z → kʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ ʍ w
	29.1.1.1.13 Proto-Athabaskan to Hupa	q ʀ → x w
		{qʷ,xʷ} qʷʼ ɢʷ ɣʷ → x(ʷ) q(ʷ)ʼ ɢ(ʷ) w
		{ʃ,ʒ} → w
		xʲ → w
	29.1.1.1.29 Proto-Athabaskan to Bearlake Slavey-Hare	ts tsʰ tsʼ s z → kʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ ʍ w
	29.1.1.1.30 Proto-Athabaskan to Hare Slavey-Hare	ts tsʰ tsʼ {s,z} → {kʷ,p} f wˀ w
30 Niger-Congo	30.1 Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu to Proto-Bantu	ɠʷ → w / #_V[-nas]
	30.1.1.1 Proto-Bantu to Sebirwa	i u VS → j w A / _V[+high +ATR]
	30.1.1.2 Proto-Bantu to Tswana	{tʃ,k} {ntʃ,nk,r} {ɲdʒ,nɡ} mp mb p b {d,l} m n → s tsʰ ts tʃʰ(w) tʃ(w) ʃ(w) dʒ(w) dʒ ŋw ɲ / _{ɪ,e}V
		{p,t,tʃ,k} {mp,nt,ɲtʃ,nk} {(m)b,(n)d,(ɲ)dʒ,(n)ɡ} {m,n,ɲ} → sw tsʰw tsw ɲw / _iV
		mp mb p b m → tʃʰ(w) tʃ(w) ʃ(w) dʒ(w) ŋw / _{ʊ,o}V
	30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba	’p ’t ’d/d₂ c {’ɟ} ’k ɡ → f l ɟ s ∅ {w,∅} {k,w} / in C₁ position
		{u,o} {ɛ,e,i} → w j / C_a in noun roots
		{u,o} {ɛ,e,i} → w j / C_(a) in verb roots
		{u,o} {ɛ,e,i} → w j / C_$V in noun class prefixes
	30.2.1 Proto-Potou-Akanic to Proto-Akanic	h → w / #_
	30.2.1.1 Proto-Akanic to Akan	ʋ l → w ɹ / #(C)V_
	30.3.1.1.1 Proto-Gbe to Ajá	χʷ hʷ → w p
	30.3.1.1.4 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Gen	hʷ → {w,ʁʷ}
	30.3.1.1.7 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Vhe	hʷ → w
	30.3.1.1.7 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Vhe	w → {w,ŋ}
31 Nyulnyulan	31.1 Proto-Nyulnyulan to Bardi	b → w / a_u
31 Nyulnyulan	31.1 Proto-Nyulnyulan to Bardi	i(ː)b ik → iw ij / _a
32 Oto-Manguean	32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatino	kʷ → w / _eːj
		kʷ → w / _ek
		kʷ → kw / else
33 Penutian	33.1.1.1 Proto-Costanoan to Chochenyo	kʷ → w / else
	33.1.1.2 Proto-Utian to Proto-Miwok	kʷ ʃ → w ʂ
	33.1.1.3 Proto-Costanoan to Mutsun	kʷ → {k,w} / else
	33.1.1.4 Proto-Costanoan to Rumsen	kʷ → {k,w} / else
35 Salishan	35.1.1 Proto-Central Salish to Comox	l(ʲ) → w / _u
35 Salishan	35.1.1 Proto-Central Salish to Comox	l(ʲ) → w / u_
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	∅ → w / P_V
		k → w / V_
		∅ → w / C_o# ! C = {K,C[+pharyngeal]}
		wʲ → w / _?Cʲ
		∅ → w / C̣_aŋ
		wʲ → w / _aŋ
		wʲ → w / C̣_oŋ
	36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà	iʔ iw → eʔ ew / C̣_ (the latter with variant iɛu?)
	36.3.1.1 Proto-Naish to Laze	a → wɤ / {K,ŋ}w_%
	36.3.1.1 Proto-Naish to Laze	{r,s}k {r,s}Nk → f w / _V
	36.3.1.2 Proto-Naish to Mosuo (Na)	a → wɤ / {K,ŋ}w_%
	36.3.1.3 Proto-Naish to Naxi	a → wa / {K,ŋ}w_%
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	k sk kr ɡ Pɡ sɡ Nɡ (s)ɡr çK rK Kç → kʰ zɡw dr Nɡ pk sk mk (s)kr çk rɡj ɡçkr
	36.3.2.1.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Chos Kia	p çp (ç)b rP Np Nb pr {br,pj} → p. ç.w (ç)p rp. kj m.p n.br p.j
	36.3.2.1.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Chos Kia	rm rn → mj rw
	36.3.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to Japhug	b → w / #{z,r}_
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	C[+ sibilant]w ç → swdz sdz
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	ŋ(w) → ȵ(wj)
	36.3.2.2.8 Proto-rGyalrongic to Wassu	im iŋ → wa ie
	36.3.3.1 Old Tibetan to Amdo dialects	pʰ b → h w
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Iroquoian	m → w / _ã
	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	r → w / {o(ː),õ(ː)}_{a(ː),e(ː),ẽ(ː),i(ː)}
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	xʷ → w
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	∅ → w / {o(ː),õ(ː)}_V
	37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga	r → w / {o(ː),õ(ː)}_V
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	r → w / {o(ː),õ(ː)}_V
	37.2.1 Proto-Siouan to Catawba	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
	37.2.2 Proto-Siouan to Dakota	p → {p,b,m,w}
	37.2.4 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago	p → {p,b,m,w}
	37.2.4.1 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Čiwere	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
	37.2.4.1 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Čiwere	p → w / V_V
	37.2.4.2 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Winnebago	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
	37.2.4.2 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Winnebago	pr {sr,xr} sn km → pV₀rV₀ ʃV₀rV₀ sV₀nV₀ kV₀wV₀
	37.2.5 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Crow-Hidatsa	m → w (Crow seems to have gained a phonemic /m/ after this, however)
	37.2.5 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Crow-Hidatsa	wt → wV₀tV₀
	37.2.5.2 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Hidatsa	mn → w / {C,V}_{C,V}
	37.2.6 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Dhegiha	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
	37.2.6.1 Proto-Dhegiha to Kansa	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
	37.2.6.3 Proto-Dhegiha to Osage	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
	37.2.6.4 Proto-Dhegiha to Quapaw	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
	37.2.7 Proto-Siouan to Proto-Ohio-Valley	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
	37.2.7.1 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Biloxi	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
		p → w / V_V, apparently as a result of some dissimilation, as this appears to be an allophone of /p/ here, IIUC
		m → w / #_
	37.2.7.2 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Ofo	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
	37.2.7.2 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Ofo	m → w / #_
	37.2.7.3 Proto-Ohio-Valley to Tutelo	p → {p,b,m,w} / _C
38 Tai-Kadai	38.1.1.1 Proto-Tai to Ahom	ɡl → k(w)
	38.1.1.3 Proto-Tai to Central Tai	xʷ ɣʷ → kʷʰ {v,w}
	38.1.1.3.5 Central Tai to T’ien-Pao	ɣ → w / _V[+ round]
	38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai	mw f → f {f,v,w,h}
	38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai	xr x {x,ɣ}ʷ → r̥ h {w,v,h}
	38.1.1.4.1 North Tai to Dioi	v → w (possibly a conservation with other languages changing *w to v?)
	38.1.1.4.2 North Tai to Po-Ai	u̯əi ɔi → (w)iː oːi
	38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai	m → w / ! _w
39 Tanoan	39.3 Proto-Tanoan to Taos	kʰ kʰʷ ɡ ɡʷ → x xʷ k w
39 Tanoan	39.4 Proto-Tanoan to Tewa	kʰ kʷʰ ɡʷ → x xʷ w
42 Uralic	42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic	x → w / {U,O}_C
		ŋ → w / _{A,O,U}
		ŋ → w / {O,U}_
		ŋ → w / _C ! _k
		ŋ → w / C_
		uw ij → ow ej / _C
	42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian	eː oː → je wo
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisu	hkʷ hʔ (h)S Sː → w ʔ S[+ voiced] S[- voiced - long] / V_V
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	p → w / {#,V_s}_
45 Yuman-Cochimı́	45.1.2 Proto-Pai to Paipai	xʷ → w / tʃ_
46 Vowel Shifts	46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shifts	øː → wi / {k,ɡ}_ (in Mid Northern dialects)
	46.7 Great Vowel Shift (English)	iː uː → əj əw → ɑj ɑw
	46.7 Great Vowel Shift (English)	aː ɔː → ɛː oː → eː ow → ej (əw)
	46.15 Proto-Japanese to Old Japanese Vowel Shift	e o → je wo / _#
	46.15 Proto-Japanese to Old Japanese Vowel Shift	{u,ɨ}i {,a,i {ɨi,i{a,ə}} u{ɨ,a,ə} → wi e je wo
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes	47.2 List 2: Conditional or complex consonant changes	p → w / V_V (Marathi)

with context involving /w/

160 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Omotic	a → o / #Cw_{(d)l,s₃}
	6.1.1 Proto-Omotic to North Omotic	e → i / #{s,ʃ,tsʼ}_{k(w),ʔ}
	6.2.1 Proto-Erythrean to Proto-Cushitic	ɡ → k / #{d,w}V_
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	k → ɡ / _{w,j}
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	r → ʔ / C_{t,w,j}# ! C = {ɡ,m,n,r,w,ʃ,x}
	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	aː → a / {Cˤ,w}_#
7 Algonquian	7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki	i → ∅ / #w_
	7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot	∅ → j / {oːw,iːj}_i#
		∅ → i / r_w
		a → o / _w
	7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware	Cʷ → C / _ə{(C){p,kʷ},m,w}
		ə → o / _h{p,kʷ,w,m}
		V[+high] → ə / _w (sporadic)
	7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee	a → o / $am_w
	7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee	wi(ː) → o(ː) / C_w
	7.14 Proto-Algonquian to Mi’kmaq	k → χ / _(w)a(ː) ! #_
	7.14 Proto-Algonquian to Mi’kmaq	eːk → oχ / _w
	7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe	V[-long] → ∅ / V[-long]{w,j}_# (Whimemsz is unsure if this change is across-the-board or not)
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	j → ∅ / {tʃ,ʃ,w}_aː
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese	t*ʰ d ɡ → tʰ t k / _w
	9.1.2.1 Middle Vietnamese to Hanoi Vietnamese	ɨ → i / _(ə)w
	9.1.2.1 Middle Vietnamese to Hanoi Vietnamese	w → ∅ / tV_wk (conjectured)
	9.1.2.2 Middle Vietnamese to Saigon Vietnamese	ə → ∅ / {i,ɨ}_{p,m.w}
		a → aː / _{w,j}
		w → ∅ / tV_wk (conjectured)
10 Austronesian	10.1.2.5 Proto-Philippine to Ifugao	∅ → j / _iw#
	10.2 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Batak	{a,e} → o / _w#
	10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw	u → ʉ / ! Cw_
	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	i → o / {u,w}_
	10.3.11.2.1 Proto-Erromango to Sye	a → o / {w,m,ŋ}_
	10.4.1 Proto-Micronesian to Marshallese	a → ɜ / _wo
17 Indo-European	17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwian	h → ∅ / _w ! at word boundaries
	17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwian	hh → ∅ / _{w,m,n,r,l} “medially, and sporadically”
	17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian	d → k / _w
	17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian	s → z / _{R,j,w} “(in Milyan, this happened after the change of ḱ to s)”
	17.3.1 Proto-Indo-European to Artsakh Armenian	t → tʰ / {aw,ow}_
	17.3.2 Proto-Indo-European to Erevan Armenian	t → tʰ / {aw,ow}_
	17.3.3 Proto-Indo-European to Istanbul Armenian	t → tʰ / {aw,ow}_ ! #_
	17.3.4 Proto-Indo-European to Kharpert Armenian	t → tʰ / {aw,ow}_
	17.3.5 Proto-Indo-European to Sebastia Armenian	t → tʰ / {aw,ow}_
	17.3.6 Proto-Indo-European to Southeast Armenian	t → tʰ / {aw,ow}_
	17.3.7 Proto-Indo-European to Southwest Armenian	t → tʰ / {aw,ow}_
	17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic	— e → o / _w
	17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic	— u → o / _wO
	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	m̩ n̩ → am an / _{s,({m,j,w)V}
	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	C → Cʷ / _{B,w}
	17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English	æ → æː / _{n,m,ɡ,ɫ% ! _n,m,ɡ,ɫ}%{j,w} or a form of a strong verb
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	s → ʃ / #_{l,m,n,w,p,t}
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	t → {ts,k} / _w
	17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse	w → ∅ / _w
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	EːBː Eːaː → joː jaː / {v,w}_
		e → ja / ! {{h,k,ŋ}n,w,v,l,r}_, _{u,o,i}
		a(i) {e,w{æ,i}} {we,ei} (w)ɪ → ey ø y ʏ / w_ ! hw_
		V → Vː / _l{P,w,k,#}
		e → jɒ / _(C)(C)(C)u ! {{h,k,ŋ}n,w,v,l,r}_
		e → ja / _(C)(C)(C)u ! {{h,k,ŋ}n,w,v,l,r}_
		n → ∅ / ŋ_{s,w}
		n → ∅ / r_{s,t,w}
		Eː{u,o}ː Eːaː → joː jaː / {v,w}_
		e(ː){B,i(ː)} → e(ː)u / {v,w}_
		eː j → e ∅ / Cw_
	17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	h → k / #_{v,w}
	17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	h → ∅ / _{V,w,j} (sporadic)
		e → {o,ɒ} / _w
		eː → {ɒ,ə} / w_
	17.7.4 Common Germanic to Vandalic	e → i / ! {w,r,h}_
	17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan	əː → oː / w_
	17.11 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Slavic	e → o / _wV
	17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish	t → ∅ / s_{ɫ,w}
	17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish	rʲ → r / _{s,t͜s,l,w,n,ɲ}
	17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	o → e / w_{r,s,t}
		o → u / _C(C)# ! {u,w}_
		e → o / _w
		e → o / w_
	17.13.1 Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian A	j → ∅ / w_
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.4.1 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Akwára	p → k / _w
		u → ∅ / k_w
		a → o / ! Cw_
		ã → a / Cw_
	18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama	p → k / _w
	18.4.2 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Cocama	w → ∅ / k_w
	18.4.3 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guajajara	u → ∅ / k_w
	18.4.4 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guaraní	m p → ŋ k / _w
	18.4.4 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guaraní	u → ∅ / k_w
	18.4.5 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guarayo	m p → ŋ k / _w
	18.4.6 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Kamayurá	p → h / _{o,u,w}
	18.4.6 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Kamayurá	ã → a / Cw_
	18.4.7 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Parintintín	∅ → ŋ / {#,V}_w
	18.4.7 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Parintintín	u → ∅ / k_w
	18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó	p → {k,∅} / _w
	18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó	u → ∅ / k_w
	18.4.10 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Urubu	p k → k ∅ / _w
	18.4.10 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Urubu	u → ∅ / k_w
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1.1.1 Proto-Chibchan to Arhuaco	∅ → u / w_V
28 Muskogean	28.2.2 Proto-Western Muskogean to Choctaw	a → o / _w
30 Niger-Congo	30.3.1.1.11 Proto-Vhe to Kpándo	V → [+ round] / w_
	30.3.1.1.12 Proto-Vhe to Pecı́	V → [+ round] / w_
	30.3.1.1.14 Proto-Vhe to Wacı́	V → [+ round] / w_
35 Salishan	35.1.1 Proto-Central Salish to Comox	s → ∅ / #_{wa,wi}
	35.1.5 Proto-Central Salish to Klallam	a³ → u³ / _{Cu,Cʷ[+uvular],w}
	35.1.7 Proto-Central Salish to Nooksack	s → ʃ / #_{xʲ,w{i,a},qʷa}
	35.1.8 Proto-Central Salish to Lummi Northern Straits	a³ → o³ / {{C[+ uvular],K}ʷ,w}_
	35.1.8 Proto-Central Salish to Lummi Northern Straits	a³ → o³ / _{Cu,C[+ uvular]ʷ,w}
	35.1.9 Proto-Central Salish to Saanich Northern Straits	a³ → e³ / ! {{C[+ uvular],K}ʷ,w}_ or when _{Cu,C[+ uvular]ʷ,w}
	35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern Straits	a³ → a³ / {{C[+ uvular],K}ʷ,w}_
	35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern Straits	a³ → a³ / _{Cu,C[+ uvular]ʷ,w}
	35.1.11 Proto-Central Salish to Sooke Northern Straits	a³ → {a³,o³} / {{C[+ uvular],K}ʷ,w}_
	35.3 Shuswap to Eastern Shuswap Nasal-to-Vowel Shifts	em emˀ → u uʔ / w_ in U[- stressed]
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	xɦ → ∅ / _j(w){?,ia,a(ta)}
		w → o / Cʲ_?w
		i → ∅ / C(w)_a
		o → a / C_w ! C = {K,C[+pharyngeal]}
		ŋ → ∅ / #_ ! #_o(w)
		o → a / Cʲ_w
		w → ∅ / C̣Cʲ_?w (“optional”)
		w → ∅ / w?_
		? → a / Cw_Cʲ
		e → o / w_ŋ
	36.1.1.1 Old Mandarin to Modern Pekingese	{e,o} → a / _w
	36.1.1.1 Old Mandarin to Modern Pekingese	j → ∅ / C_weŋ
	36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà	ŋ → ∅ / _{i,j,w,y}
	36.3.1.1 Proto-Naish to Laze	a → i / {ŋ,w}_%
	36.3.1.1 Proto-Naish to Laze	a → wɤ / {K,ŋ}w_%
	36.3.1.2 Proto-Naish to Mosuo (Na)	a → wɤ / {K,ŋ}w_%
	36.3.1.3 Proto-Naish to Naxi	a → ɯ / {R,w}_%
	36.3.1.3 Proto-Naish to Naxi	a → wa / {K,ŋ}w_%
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	C[+ sibilant] → s / _w
	36.3.2.1.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to Chos Kia	C[+ sibilant] → s / _w
	36.3.2.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to lCog Rtse	C[+ sibilant] → s / _w
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	∅ → a / w_j
		h → ∅ / s_w
		r → ∅ / w_
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	s → ʃ / ! _{n,t,k(ʷ),w} “or when part of the affricate /ts/”
		t → k / _(h)w
		h → ∅ / #_w
		∅ → k / s_(h)w
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	n → ŋ / _{j,w}
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	ɛ̃(ː) → ã(ː) / w_
	37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga	h → ∅ / w_j
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	h → ∅ / #_w
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	∅ → e / w_r (and “probably. . .in other environments”)
	37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk	h → ∅ / w_j
		∅ → e / w_j
		∅ → e / t_w
		∅ → e / {#,V}s_w
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	hs → sh / _{n,w}
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	— ∅ → o / C_wV(H)#
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	V → Vː / _{t,k(ʷ),s,n,r,j,w} “in even penultimate syllables”
		h → ∅ / #_w
		h → ∅ / w_j
		Vh → Vː / _{n,w,j}
		a(ː) → õ(ː) / V[+nas]({ʔ,s})w_
	37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora	ˀt → ʔn / V_{V,w,j}
		ˀt → n / {#,C}_{V,w,j}
		h → ∅ / #_w
38 Tai-Kadai	38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai	m → w / ! _w
42 Uralic	42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic	i → ∅ / æw_
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisu	k → ∅ / V_wV
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	l → i / {p,m,k(ʷ),w}_# “in all dialects, and varies by dialect after other consonants”
45 Yuman-Cochimı́	45.1.1 Proto-Pai to Chapai	tʃ → ʃ / _{w,i}