11 Northeast Caucasian | 11.1.3 Proto-Avar-Andic to Avar | q qːʼ ɢ → x {q(ː)ʼ,ɡh} qʼ (not sure if that last 〈gh〉 should be ɣ)
|
11.2 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Dargi | qːʼ → ʕ
|
11.3 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Khinalug | {qːʼ,ɢ} → qʼ
|
11.4 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Lak | qʼ qʼː ɡ → {qʼ,j} qʼ {qː,ɣ}
|
11.5.1 Proto-Lezgic to Agul | qːʼ → qː
|
11.5.2 Proto-Lezgic to Archi | q qːʼ → x q(ː)ʼ
|
11.5.3 Proto-Lezgic to Lezghi | qːʼ → q(ʼ)
|
11.5.4 Proto-Lezgic to Rutul | qːʼ → q(ʼ)
|
11.5.6 Proto-Lezgic to Udi | q qʼ qːʼ ɢ → ∅(?) ∅ qʼ ɣ
|
11.6 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Nakh | kː qːʼ → xk(?) qʼ
|
11.7.2 Proto-Tsezic to Tsez | q qːʼ → x(?) q
|
12 Northwest Caucasian | 12.1 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Abazgi | qʷʲʼ → ʕʷ (qʷʼ?)
|
qˤː qˤʼ → ʕ ħ (this latter is marked as dubious)
|
qˤʲ qˤʲː qˤʲʼ → q ʔ ħ(?)
|
qˤʷ qˤʷː qˤʷʼ χˤʷ ʁˤʷ → ħʷ ʕʷ qʷ(ʼ) ħʷ (ħʷ?)
|
qˤʷʲ qˤʷʲ qˤʷʲʼ ʁˤʷʲ → qʷ ʕʷ ħʷ ʕʷ
|
12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassian | qʲʼ ʁʲ → ʔ ʁ
|
qʷʼ ɢʷ → qʷː ʁʷ
|
{qˤː,qˤʼ} χˤ ʁˤ → qː χ ʁ
|
{qˤʷː,qˤʷʼ} χˤʷ ʁˤʷ → qʷː χʷ ʁʷ
|
12.2.1 Proto-Circassian to Adyghe | ʔ(ʷ)~qʼ(ʷ) → ʔ(ʷ)
|
12.2.2 Proto-Circassian to Kabardian | ʔ~qʼ → ʔʷ
|
12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh | qʲː(ʼ) ɢʲ χʲ → qʲ(ʼ) ʁʲ xʲ
|
qʲʷ qʲʷː qʲʷʼ ɢʲʷ χʲʷ ʁʲʷ → xʲ qʲ qʲʼ ʁʲ χʲ ʁʲ
|
13 Chumashan | 13.3 Proto-Chumash to Inseño | tʼ qʼ → t q
|
13.5 Proto-Chumash to Purisimeño | qʼ → q
|
13.6 Proto-Chumash to Ventureño | pʼ kʼ qʼ → p k q
|
19 Kartvelian | 19.3 Proto-Kartvelian to Zan | q qʼ → x {kʼ,qʼ,ʔ}
|
27 Mayan | 27.1 Proto-Mayan to Ch’olan | q(ʼ) → k(ʼ)
|
27.3 Proto-Mayan to Huastecan | q(ʼ) → k(ʼ)
|
27.8 Proto-Mayan to Q’anjob’alan | q(ʼ) → k(ʼ)
|
27.9 Proto-Mayan to Tzeltalan | q(ʼ) → k(ʼ)
|
27.10 Proto-Mayan to Yucatecan | q(ʼ) → k(ʼ)
|
29 Na-Dene | 29.1.1.1.13 Proto-Athabaskan to Hupa | {qʷ,xʷ} qʷʼ ɢʷ ɣʷ → x(ʷ) q(ʷ)ʼ ɢ(ʷ) w
|
29.1.2 Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak to Eyak | qʷ qʷʼ ɢʷ → q qʼ ɢ
|
29.2 Proto-Na-Dene to Tlingit | qʼ qʷʼ → χ(ʷ)ʼ {χʼ,q(ʷ)ʼ}
|
33 Penutian | 33.2.2 Proto-Wintuan to Patwin | k(ʰ) kʼ q(ʰ) qʼ → tʃ(h) tʃʼ kʰ kʼ
|
33.2.3 Proto-Wintuan to South Patwin | k(ʰ) kʼ q(ʰ) qʼ → tʃ(ʰ) tʃʼ k(ʰ) kʼ
|
34 Quechumaran | 34.1 Proto-Quechumaran to Ayachuco | pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ → p t tʃ k q
|
34.4 Proto-Quechumaran to Huarás | pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ → p t ts k q
|
34.5 Proto-Quechumaran to Putamayo | pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ → p t k q
|
34.6 Proto-Quechumaran to Quito | pʼ kʼ qʼ → p k q
|
34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba | pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ → p t k q
|
34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiago | pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ → p t tʃ k q
|
34.9 Proto-Quechumaran to Tena | pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ → p t k q
|