12 Northwest Caucasian | 12.1 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Abazgi | xʷʲ ɣʷʲ → sʷ zʷ (*ɣʷʲ is marked as dubious)
|
12.2 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Proto-Circassian | xʲ ɣʲ → ɕ ʑ
|
ɡʲʷ xʲʷ ɣʲʷ(?) → ɡʷ xʷ ʁʷ
|
12.3 Proto-Northwest Caucasian to Ubykh | xʲ ɣʲ → sʲ zʲ
|
kʲʷː xʲʷ ɣʲʷ(?) → ɡʲ kʲʼ xʲ ʁʲ
|
29 Na-Dene | 29.1 Proto-Na-Dene to Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak | kʲ kʲʼ ɡʲ xʲ → ts tsʼ dz s
|
29.1.1.1.13 Proto-Athabaskan to Hupa | xʲ → w
|
29.1.1.1.21 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Kiowa Apache | {xʲ,j}ʔ {x,ɣ}ʔ → ∅ h(ʔ) / _#
|
xʲ j → ʃ ʒ
|
29.1.1.1.22 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Jicarilla | xʲ xʔ j ɣʔ → h ʔ ∅ ʔ / E_#
|
xʲ xʔ j ɡʔ → ih iʔ i iʔ / _#
|
xʲʔ jʔ → h ʔ / _#
|
xʲ → s
|
29.1.1.1.23 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Lipan | xʲ j → ʃ ∅ / _#
|
{xʲ,j}ʔ → ∅ / _#
|
xʲ → s
|
29.1.1.1.25 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Chiricahua | xʲ j → ʃ ∅ / _#
|
{xʲ,j}ʔ → ∅ / _#
|
29.1.1.1.26 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Mescalero | xʲ j → ʃ ∅ / _#
|
{xʲ,j}ʔ → ∅ / _#
|
29.1.1.1.27 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Navajo | xʲ(ʔ) j(ʔ) → h ʔ / _#
|
xʲ → s
|
29.1.1.1.28 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to San Carlos | x(ʲ) {j,ɣ} → h ∅ / _#
|
xʲʔ jʔ → h ʔ / _#
|
29.1.2 Proto-Athabaskan-Eyak to Eyak | kʲ kʲʼ ɡʲ xʲ → ts tsʼ dz {s,ʃ}
|
29.2 Proto-Na-Dene to Tlingit | xʲ → x
|
35 Salishan | 35.1.3 Proto-Central Salish to Cowichan Halkomelem | xʲ → ʃ
|
35.1.5 Proto-Central Salish to Klallam | xʲ → {s,ʃ} (the latter mainly from borrowings?)
|
35.1.6 Proto-Central Salish to Lushootseed | xʲ → ʃ
|
35.1.7 Proto-Central Salish to Nooksack | xʲ → ʃ
|
35.1.9 Proto-Central Salish to Saanich Northern Straits | xʲ → s
|
35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern Straits | xʲ → {s,ʃ} (the latter mainly from borrowings?)
|
35.1.11 Proto-Central Salish to Sooke Northern Straits | xʲ → {s,ʃ} (the latter mainly from borrowings?)
|
35.1.12 Proto-Central Salish to Pentlatch | xʲ → ʃ
|
35.1.13 Proto-Central Salish to Sechelt | xʲ → ʃ
|
35.1.14 Proto-Central Salish to Sqamish | xʲ → ʃ
|
35.1.15 Proto-Central Salish to Twana | xʲ → ʃ
|