| 6 Afro-Asiatic | 6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew | — u → ɔ / _C{$,#}
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| 7 Algonquian | 7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki | oː aː eː iː → o ɔ̃ a i
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| 7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki | aː → ɔ̃
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| 8 Altaic | 8.1.1 Early Middle Japanese to Modern Japanese | au iu uu eu ou → ɔː juː uː joː oː
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| 10 Austronesian | 10.2.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Chamic | i iw u → ɔj ? ɔw / _#
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| 10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput | ai au → ɛː ɔː / _…#
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| i u → ɛ ɔ / _C# ! _P (sporadic)
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| 10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lóngh | ai̯ au̯ → ɛ ɔ
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| i u → ɛ ɔ / _CV[+open-mid](C)#
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| 10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw | a(C)V[+ high] a(C)V[+ mid] aCa → ɔ(C) a(C) {ɔ,a}(C)ə
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| o(C)V[+ high] o(C)V[+ mid] o(C)a → ɵ(C) o(C) ɔ(C)ə
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| 10.3.3 Proto-Oceanic to Lemerig | — oCV[- high] → ɔC
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| 10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap | o e i → ɔ ɛ ɪ / C_V[- high]
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| 10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga | au ai → ɔ ɛ
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| o → ɔ “sometimes”
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| 10.3.12 Proto-Oceanic to Vera’a | a(C)i a(C)u → {a,ɛ}(C) {ɔ,a,ɛ}(C)
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| oCa → ɔCɔ
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| oa {ae,ea} → uɔ iɛ
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| 14 Elamo-Dravidian | 14.3.1 Standard Tamil to Colloquial Tamil | {om,on} {em,en} {oːm,oːn} {eːm,eːn} → ɔ̃ ɛ̃ õ ẽ
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| 17 Indo-European | 17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh | aː → ɔː
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| 17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic | — u → ɔ / _{r,h} (unless this r “arose from older s by assimilation”)
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| oːw æːj → ɔː ɛː / _V
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| 17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English | {ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
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| oɣ → ɔːw / _V
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| ɑː y(ː) → ɔː e(ː)
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| 17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English | {ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
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| oɣ → ɔːw / _V
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| ɑː y(ː) → ɔː i(ː)
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| 17.7.2.1.4 Midlands Middle English to Early Modern English | a ɑ {ɛ,ɪ,ɤ} → ɑː ɔː ɜː / _ɹ{C,#}
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| ɑʊ → ɔː / else
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| 17.7.2.1.5 Early Modern English to American English | ɒ → ɒː → ɔː / _F[-voiced]
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| æː ɑː ɔː → æə~eə ɑ ɔ
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| o ɔ → ɔ ɒ / _ɹ (most dialects have at least one if not both)
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| ɒ → ɔ / _K “(partial)”
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| 17.7.2.1.6 Early Modern English to Australian English | ɜːɹ ɑːɹ ɔːɹ eːɹ oːɹ iːɹ uːɹ → ɜː ɑː ɔː ɛə ɔə ɪə ʊə / syllable-finally
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| ɒ → ɒː → ɔː / _F[-voiced]
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| oʊ iː → ɔʊ ɪə / _ɫ
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| ɔə → ɔː
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| ɛə ʊə → ɛː ɔː (ongoing)
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| ɔː → ɔ / _ɹV[-stress]
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| ɔː → ɔ / _F[-voiced]
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| ɔ → ɔː / “in ‘gone’ and some derivatives”
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| 17.7.2.1.7 Early Modern English to British English | ɜːɹ ɑːɹ ɔːɹ eːɹ oːɹ iːɹ uːɹ → ɜː ɑː ɔː ɛə ɔə ɪə ʊə / syllable-finally
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| ɒ → ɒː → ɔː / _F[-voiced]
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| 17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English | {ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
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| oɣ → ɔːw / _V
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| 17.7.2.1.9 Early Northern Middle English to Scots | ol al → ou ɑː → ʌu {ɑ,ɔ}
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| — ai oi ui ei au ou iu ɛ(o)u → eː oe əi iː {ɑː,ɔː} ʌu ju j(ʌ)u
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| — a ɔ u → {a,ɑ} ɔ ʌ
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| 17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English | {ɑːw,ɑːɣ,oːw} → ɔːw
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| oɣ → ɔːw / _V
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| ɑː → ɔː
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| 17.7.2.2.1 Old Low Franconian to Middle Dutch | {uː,uw} u → ɔw o (except in the southeast)
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| {ol,al} {ar,er} or → ɔu aːr oːr / _C[+dental]
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| 17.7.2.2.3 Modern Dutch to Polder Dutch Vowel Shift | eː øː oː → ɛi œy ɔu
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| 17.7.2.2.4 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongization | ɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
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| 17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn | ɒ → ɔ / _C(ː)C
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| au → (ɔ)u
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| a → ɔ / _{l,nd}C
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| 17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn | {u,o}(ː) a aː {ɒ,œ,y} e i(ː) → {o,ɔ}(i) æ(i) {ɔ,ɒ}(i) {o,ɔ}(i) {æ,e} / _{Ḱ,Cʲ}
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| a → {o,ɔ} / _{K,r} (! K = w ?)
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| aː → ɔ(u) / _{l,r}
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| au → {o,ɔ,ɒ} / j_
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| au → j{o,ɔ}
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| 17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek | e o → ɛ ɔ
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| 17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek | e o → ɛ ɔ
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| 17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish | ɛl → lɔ / T_T “in certain cases (mostly after a PSl. palato-alveolar”)
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| ɔl ɔr ɛl ɛr → lɔ rɔ lɛ rɛ / T_T
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| ɔr ɔl → rɔ lɔ / #_T
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| ɛ ɛ̃ ɛː → ɔ ɔ̃ a / _C[-palatalized +dental] (also sporadically before plain non-dentals)
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| ъl → ɔ(ː)ɫ / P_
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| ьl → ɔ(ː)ɫ
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| a ɛ i ɔ u ɨ ã → aː ɛː iː ɔː uː ɨː ãː / _{C/U}[+voiced][lost yer] (i.e., a voiced consonant or a cluster with one)
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| {ɔjɔ̃,ɔ̃jɔ̃,ьjɔ̃} → ɔ̃ː
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| ɔ → ɔː / _{r,l} (sporadic, perhaps analogical)
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| ãː → ã → ɔ̃
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| ɛ → ɔ / _ɫ (if the vowel was from a yer)
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| {ɛ,a} → ɔ (sporadic)
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| o → ɔ / _N
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| u → ɔ (rare, sporadic)
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| ɔ̃ → ɔ / _{l,ɫ}
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| ɔ̃ → ɔ / _# (in some regions or dialects)
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| ɛ̃ ɔ̃ → ɛ̃N ɔ̃N / _{S,A}
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| ɛ̃ ɔ̃ → ɛɰ̃ ɔɰ̃ / _F[-palatal]
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| ɔ̃ → ɔɰ̃ / _# (in standard registers/pronunciations)
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| ɛ̃ ɔ̃ → ɛj̃ ɔj̃ / _F[+palatal]
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| 17.12.1.1.1 Classical Latin vs. Vulgar Latin | o → ɔ
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| 17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan | {u,oː} o → o ɔ / stressed
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| ae au → e ɔ / stressed
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| 17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French | ò → ɔ / in U[+closed]
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| (ɛ)au → ɔ
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| ó → ɔ / _N
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| o → {ou,ɔ} “(the outcome fluctuates, but ɔ is often the result of analogy rather than strict sound change; always ou before another vowel)”
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| 17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese | {u,oː} o → o ɔ / stressed
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| 17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal | — ɔ → {ɥe,ɥo,ɔ} / _{u,P,k,ɡ,i} (in southern dialects)
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| — ɛ ɔ → jɛ wɔ (intermittent, “least common in the southwest”)
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| — ɔ → {ɔ,we} (in southwestern dialects)
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| 17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian | {eh2,aH} aː → aː ɔ
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| 19 Kartvelian | 19.3 Proto-Kartvelian to Zan | ɛ ɑ → ɑ ɔ
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| 21 Lakes Plain | 21.1 Proto-Lakes Plain to Proto-Far West | e o → ɛ ɔ (?)
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| 21.2.1 Proto-Tariku to Proto-Central Tariku | e o → ɛ ɔ
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| 21.2.1.2 Proto-Central Tariku to Iau | au → ɔ
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| 29 Na-Dene | 29.1.1.1.12 Proto-Athabaskan to Holikachuk | i e a u {ɑ,ʊ} → e a ɔ o ŭ
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| 29.1.1.1.38 Proto-Athabaskan to Lower Tanana | e a {ɑ,ʊ} → æ ɔ ŭ
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| 30 Niger-Congo | 30.3.1.1.3 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Fon | oi ɔi ɔ̃i {a,ɛ}i {ɛ̃,ẽ}i ei → oe ɔɛ ɔ̃ɛ̃ ɛɛ ɛ̃ɛ̃ ee
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| 36 Sino-Tibetan | 36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà | ujʔ → uɛʔ (dialectally → uɔʔ?)
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| yeʔ → yɛʔ (→ {uɔʔ,yɔʔ} in southern speech?)
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| wɔ → ɔ (occasionally → uɔ after a guttural?)
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| wɔʔ → uɔʔ / C[+guttural]_
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| wɔʔ → ɔʔ / else
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| wɔn ja wa → uɔn ia ua
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| aʔ → ɔʔ / C[+guttural]_
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| awʔ → ɔʔ (“Trigault gives a variant in -ɛʔ, which becomes general in the later GH varieties”)
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| {jawʔ,wawʔ} → ɔʔ / C̣_
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| jawʔ wawʔ → iɔʔ uɔʔ
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| 36.3.1.2 Proto-Naish to Mosuo (Na) | B → ɔ / {qʰ,(N)q}_
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| 37 Siouan-Iroquoian | 37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot | ẽ(ː) õ(ː) o(ː) → ɛ̃(ː) ɔ̃(ː) u(ː)
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| 37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca | ẽ(ː) õ(ː) → ɛ̃(ː) ɔ̃(ː)
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| 37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora | a(ː) o(ː) → ɔ(ː) u(ː) / ! “when both short and unstressed”
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| 37.1.2.6.2 Tuscarora to Eastern Tuscarora | ə̃(ː) a(ː) o(ː) → ɨ̃(ː) ɔ(ː) u(ː) (“in all positions”)
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| 38 Tai-Kadai | 38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai | uo → ɔː
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| uɨ̯ ua̯ → ɨə uɔ̯ → ɨː ɔː
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| 38.1.1.4.2 North Tai to Po-Ai | o → ɔ
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| Cʷə → Cɔ
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| u̯ɨ → ɔ / m_
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| 38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai | o → ɔː / _i
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| 38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamese | {u̯o,u̯ɨ} u̯ɔ → o ɔː
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| {ɨɔ,ɨ̯ɔ} → ɔː
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| {u̯əi,ɔi} → ɔːi
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| 41 Trans-New Guinea | 41.7 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kâte | u a → {u,ɔ} {ɔ,a}
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| 41.9 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Selepet | u o a e → {u,ɔ} {o,ɔ} {a,ɔ} {e,o}
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| 42 Uralic | 42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian | ɑː au → ɔː ɔu (though sometimes ɑː develops, apparently at least partially due to metathesis?)
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| 46 Vowel Shifts | 46.2 California Vowel Shift (English) | ɑ → ɔ (does not occur in Sacramento)
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| 46.3 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongization | ɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
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| 46.4 Polder Dutch Vowel Shift | eː øː oː → ɛi œy ɔu
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| 46.5 Old English-to-Scots Vowel Shifts | ai oi ui ei au ou iu ɛ(o)u → eː oe əi iː {ɑː,ɔː} ʌu ju j(ʌ)u
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| a ɔ u → {a,ɑ} ɔ ʌ
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| 46.8 Greek Vowel Shift | y(ː) ɔː → i(ː) ɔ
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| 46.11 Middle Chinese to Cantonese Vowel Shift (“The Inner-Outer Flip”) | a → ɔ / _{ŋ,k}
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| uə yə → ɔ œ / _{n,t}
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| 46.12 Northern Cities Vowel Shift (English) | ʌ → ɔ
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| 46.13 Old Norse to Faroese Vowel Shift | aː → ɔa “(except NE of the Faroes → aː)” / ɔ
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| oː → {ɔu,ɛu,œu} / œ “(except Suðuroy → ɔ)”
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| 46.16 Development of Proto-Lolo-Burmese -i(C)# and -u(C)# to Lahu | -u -up -ut -uk -um -un -uŋ → -u -ɔʔ -əʔ -uʔ -ɔ -ə -ɛ
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