Nouns, verbs, and adjectives take various endings to show agreement, mood, gender, definiteness, and number. These words are shown in the lexicon with one of the endings; that ending is replaced or removed when the noun is declined (e.g., the noun foren "flower" in the indefinite singular is fore, not *forene). Other suffixes are added before these endings. The specific endings and their meanings are shown in the sections on nouns, adjectives, and verbs.
In most cases, there's a form that lacks a suffix (definite nouns and adjectives, third person indicative verbs). Some sound changes happen when the suffix is removed:
Case and (to some extent) mood are indicated by changing vowels in the stem. For case, this is the only morphological way to indicate case (there's also sometimes word order); for mood, the stem change is redundant with the suffix. There are several patterns these words can follow; which pattern is chosen is indicated by a diacritic placed above the letter. The patterns are shown below:
| First form | Second form | Third form | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Object | Prepositional | Meaning for nouns |
| Indicative | Subjunctive | Meaning for verbs | |
| a | o | e | |
| o | a | e | |
| ā | ō | ā | Only used by pronouns; ā is silent |
| o | u | o | |
| u | o | o | |
| o | u | ø | Less common |
| u | o | ø | Less common |
| i | ė | i | This is all i's except those in endings and the name of the letter i. |
The diacritics may or may not appear over the letters in the third form; the practice of leaving them out is mostly used in typesetting, so they don't need to get extra letters for e and ø. If this practice is followed, third form o may or may not have its diacritic.
The first form is the form that one would see in a dictionary.