Index Diachronica: involving /h/

395 results from /h/ 387 results to /h/ 103 results with context involving /h/

from /h/

395 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.1.1.1 North Omotic to Bench	{ʔ,h_x} → ∅
	6.1.1.2 North Omotic to Dizin	{h₁,h₂} → h
	6.1.1.3 North Omotic to Kafa	h₂ → w / #_
	6.1.1.4 North Omotic to Maale	h₂ → w / #_
	6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho	h₁ → {h,∅} / #_
	6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho	h₂ → w / #_
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	h₁ → {h,∅} / #_
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	h₂ → w / #_
	6.1.2.1 South Omotic to Aari	h₁ → ∅
	6.2.2.1.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Boreafrasian	h → ħ / #_Vs
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	h → ħ / _Vz
		{h,ħ,q} → ʕ / C[+voice]_V
		{h,ħ} → ʔ / KV_
		qh → ʕħ
	6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic	ʔ h → ∅ x
	6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic	h → ∅ / in coda
	6.2.2.1.19 Biblical Hebrew to Modern Israeli Hebrew	h → ∅ / _#
	6.2.2.1.19 Biblical Hebrew to Modern Israeli Hebrew	h → ∅ (colloquial)
7 Algonquian	7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki	hl → sː
	7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki	{x,h}S → Sː
	7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki	{R,h} → ∅ / V_V (sporadic?)
	7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki	{x,h}S → Sː
	7.3 Proto-Algonquian to Proto-Arapaho-Atsina	θ h {s,m,n,r} → ʃ ∅ ʔ / _C
	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	hʔ → ʔh
	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	h → ∅ / _#
	7.3.2 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Gros Ventre	hʔ → ʔh
	7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot	h → ∅ / ! _C
		h → x / _{p,k}
		hkw → ʔk
		nθ hs → sːt sː
		{jiː,ja,ahi} {owaː,awa,awe} awi {iːwa,eːwa,aji,aje,ani} → i oː o(ji) iː / C_C
		hi → ∅ / aː_
		ke(h) → tː ?
	7.6 Proto-Algonquian to Northern East Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.6 Proto-Algonquian to Northern East Cree	{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → s {h,j,hj}
	7.7 Proto-Algonquian to Southern East Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.7 Proto-Algonquian to Southern East Cree	{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → ʃ l
	7.8 Proto-Algonquian to Plains Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.8 Proto-Algonquian to Plains Cree	{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → s {h,j,hj}
	7.9 Proto-Algonquian to Swampy Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.9 Proto-Algonquian to Swampy Cree	{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → ʃ l
	7.10 Proto-Algonquian to Woods Cree	{n,q,h} → ∅ / _s
	7.10 Proto-Algonquian to Woods Cree	{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → s {h,j,hj}
	7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware	h → ∅ / _{s,x}
	7.13 Proto-Algonquian to Miami-Illinois	{ʔ,h}{ɬ,l} → hs
		h → ʔ / _{s,ʃ}
		hs hʃ → sː ʃː / sporadic, usually {#,V[+front]}_
		{h,ʔ} → ∅ / _m
	7.14 Proto-Algonquian to Mi’kmaq	n{θ,l} h{θ,ʃ} → ∅ s
		{ʔ,h,N} → ∅ / _C
		(aw)aha → aː
		ehi → eː
		{aja,iha,iji,ihi,ija} → iː
	7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe	{θ,s,h,ʔ} → ∅ / _{p,t,tʃ,k}
		{ʔ,h}{s,r} → s
		{ʔ,h} → ∅ / _ʃ
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	{h,s,tʃ,θ} → ʔ / _O
8 Altaic	8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak	h → ∅ (shared with Old Turkic)
8 Altaic	8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyz	æ Vh {ʕ,h} → ɑː Vː ∅ (seems to have largely been confined to loanwords from Persian)
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen	(h)ə{p,b} → t / _l
	9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese	(h)ə{p,b} (h)ə{t,d} (h)ə{c,ɟ} (h)ə{k,ɡ} → β dʲ ɟ ɡ
	9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese	((h)ə)p d → b t / _l
10 Austronesian	10.1.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan	{q,h} → ∅
	10.1.1.1 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Balinese	r → {r,h} → {∅,h}
	10.1.1.1 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Balinese	h → {∅,h}
	10.1.1.2 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sasak	h → q / _# (might’ve been a retention?)
		h → ∅
		V(h) → V(q) / _# (again, might’ve been a retention?)
	10.1.1.3 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sumbawan	h → q / _# (might’ve been a retention?)
		h → ∅
		V(h) → V(q) / _# (again, might’ve been a retention?)
	10.1.1.5 Proto-Polynesian to Luangiua	{q,h} → ∅
	10.1.2.1 Proto-Philippine to Bicol	h *j → ∅ d / _#
	10.1.2.2 Proto-Philippine to Cebuano	h *j → ∅ d / _#
	10.1.2.2 Proto-Philippine to Cebuano	h → ∅ / _#
	10.1.2.3 Proto-Philippine to Hiligaynon	h → ∅ / _#
	10.1.2.4 Proto-Philippine to Ibanag	{q,h} → ∅
	10.1.2.5 Proto-Philippine to Ifugao	{q,h} → ∅
	10.1.2.6 Proto-Philippine to Ilocano	{q,h} → ∅
	10.1.2.7 Proto-Philippine to Proto-Kalamian	{h,ʔ} → ∅
	10.1.2.8 Proto-Philippine to Kankanay	{h,q} → ∅
	10.1.2.9 Proto-Philippine to Tagalog	h *j → ∅ d / _#
	10.1.2.10 Proto-Philippine to Waray	h → ∅ / _#
	10.2 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Batak	{ts,ʈ} {ɟ͡ʝ,ɖ} {lʲ,ɲ} {ʔ,x,s,h} ʀ → t d n ∅ r (velar fricative is conjectured; changes → d “unsure”)
	10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro	h → ∅
	10.2.3 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayic	h → ʔ / _# (sometimes)
	10.2.3 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayic	h → ∅ / else
	10.2.3.1 Proto-Malayic to (Standard) Malay	h → ∅ / ! _# (sporadic)
	10.2.4 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayo-Javanic	q h → h ∅
	10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese	h → ∅ / #_
	10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese	h → {o,h,w} / V_V
	10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese	h → ʔ / V₀V₀
	10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese	h → ∅
	10.2.5 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Palauan	h → ∅
	10.2.6 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-North Sarawak	{ʔ,h} → ∅ / #_
		{ʔ,h} → ∅ / V₁[+high]_V₂
		h → ∅ / _#
		h → ʔ / V₀_V₀
		h → ʔ / a_{i,u}
	10.2.6.2 Proto-North Sarawak to Proto-Kenyah	h → ∅ / _#
	10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lóngh	h → ∅ / V_V
	10.2.6.3 Proto-Malayic to Minangkabau	h → ∅ / ! _# (some exceptions)
	10.3.1 Proto-Oceanic to Hawai’ian	{h,ʔ} → ∅
	10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw	s → h → ∅ (sporadic)
	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	{r,h} → ∅ / _#
	10.3.11.2.2 Proto-Erromango to Ura	h → ∅
	10.3.11.3.1 Proto-Tanna to Kwamera	{p(ʷ),v}Vh → fV
	10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakel	{p(ʷ),v}Vh → fV
	10.3.11.3.4 Proto-Tanna to Southwest Tanna	{p(ʷ),v}Vh → fV
	10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan	h → {h,j,∅} (Blevins has marked what apparently is *ɟ but I’m assuming it’s an error)
17 Indo-European	17.2 Proto-Indo-European to Common Anatolian	eh₂ → æː / “tautosyllabic”
		h₁ → ∅
		h₃ → ∅ / “medially”
		T h₂ → D h₃ / _#
		T h₂ → D h₃ / V[-stress]_V[-stress]
		T h₂ → D h₃ / ”Vː
		T h₂ → D h₃ / ”W
		{{h₁,h₃}s,s{h₁,h₃}} → sː (contested)
	17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite	h₂ h₃ → hh h
	17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwian	h₂ h₃ → hh h
		hh h → h ∅ / ”Vː_u
		hh h → h ∅ / u_”Vː
		h → ∅ / _w ! at word boundaries
		hh → ∅ / _{w,m,n,r,l} “medially, and sporadically”
	17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian	h₃ → ɡ / _B
		h₂ → k / E_E (probably a palatal stop)
		h₂ → q / _E (possibly plain velar stop)
		h₂ → x / else (possibly a uvular stop)
	17.2.4 Common Anatolian to Lydian	{h₂,h₃} → ∅
	17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic	h₂ h₃ → hh h
		hhy → “something like /ʒ/”
		h → ∅ / ”Vː_u
		h → ∅ / u_”Vː
	17.4.1 Proto-Indo-European to Avestan	h(j) → ŋh / a_a
		hw → ŋʷh / a_a
		h → ŋ / a_ra
		h_x → ∅
	17.5 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic	— h₁e h₂e h₃e → e a o
		— eh₁ eh₂ eh₃ → eː aː oː
		— h → ∅ / C_
	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	— hn hm → nː mː / [anything]_ (“[t]his change is a bit speculative”)
	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	— {l,h}l {l,h}r l{p,s,n} r{p,s} ln → lː rː lː rː (lː?) / [anything]_
	17.7.2.1 West Germanic to Anglo-Frisian	h → ∅ / V_V
	17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English	{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
		{o(ː)ht,ɑːht} → ow
		hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
	17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English	{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
		{ɑːht,o(ː)ht} → ow
		hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
	17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English	{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
		{ɑːht,o(ː)ht} → ow
		hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
	17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English	{eɑh,eɑç,eɑx,eɑʝ,eɑɣ} → ɑw
		{ɑːht,o(ː)ht} → ow
		hn {wl,hl} hr → w l r
	17.7.2.1.14 Anglo-Frisian to Old Frisian	h → ∅ / V_V
	17.7.2.2 West Germanic to Old Low Franconian	h → ∅ / #_C
	17.7.2.2 West Germanic to Old Low Franconian	h → ∅ / V_V
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	{h,j} → ∅ / V_V
	17.7.2.5 West Germanic to Old Low German	vː ɣː hː → bː ɡː xː (perhaps not strictly a sound change, but worth noting)
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	{a,æ,e}ːhiː → æː
		ɒːh{u,a} aːh{u,a} → ɒː aː
		h → ∅ / C_t
		ht → tː
		hw → ∅ / ! #_
	17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic	hj → ç
		h → k / #_{v,w}
		hl → ɬ / #_
		hr hn → r̥ n̥ / #_
	17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	h → ∅ / _{l,n,r}
		hw hj → {w,ʍ} ʃ
		h → x / _i
	17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	h → ∅ / _{V,w,j} (sporadic)
		h → ∅ / _l
h → {∅,h,k} / _r
h → {∅,h,k,s} / _n
hv → {h,k,s}w
hj → ʃ
17.7.4 Common Germanic to Vandalic	h → ∅ / #_
17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greek	h → ∅
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek	h → ∅
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek	h → ∅
17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek	h → ∅
17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek	h → ∅
17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greek	h → ∅
17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greek	h → ∅
17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greek	h → ∅ (in those “dialects of the western fringe of Asia Minor and the near-by islands”)
17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greek	h → ∅
17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greek	h → ∅
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek	h → ∅
	h → ∅ (in Eastern Ionic)
	h → ∅
17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greek	h → ∅
17.8.10 Proto-Indo-European to Mycenaean Greek	h → ∅
17.9 Proto-Indo-European to Hittite	h₃ → ∅ / _o “(according to Kortlandt)”
17.9 Proto-Indo-European to Hittite	h₂ → x (or some sort of dorsal or laryngeal fricative?)
17.10 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Indo-Iranian	{h₁,h₃} → *H
17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan	Sh₂ → S[+ aspirated]
17.10.1 Proto-Indo-Iranian to Proto-Indo-Aryan	h₂ → *H
17.10.1.1 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Central Middle Indo-Aryan	ah → o
17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan	ah → e
17.10.1.3 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Northwestern Middle Indo-Aryan	ah → o
17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-Aryan	ah → o
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	h → ∅ / b_
17.12.1.1.1 Classical Latin vs. Vulgar Latin	h → ∅
17.12.1.1.2 Latin to Catalan	h → ∅
17.12.1.1.3 Latin to French	— h → ∅
17.12.1.1.5 Latin to Portuguese	h → ∅
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal	h → ∅
17.12.1.1.8 Latin to Romanian	h → ∅
17.12.1.1.9 Latin to Sardinian	h → ∅ / {#,C}_
17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	h → ∅ “(just a reminder: from the f → h change above)”
	h → ∅ / _d
	h → ∅ / _tʰ
	h → ∅ / _$
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian	Ch → C / _(V)Ch
	h₂e → ə / _#
	h₂e a → a ɨ
	{eh₂,aH} aː → aː ɔ
	h₃e o → o ɛ
	{eh₃,oH} → oː
	uh₁ u{h₂,h₃} → uː → wə wɨ
	ih₁ i{h₂,h₃} → jə jɨ
	(h₁)e (h₁)eː → jə jɛː / #_
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.2.1 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Proto-Jê	ŋʷ {kʷ,hʷ} → m p
	18.2.2 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Ofaié-Xavante	ŋʷ hʷ → j̃ h
	18.3.1 Proto-Tuparí to Makuráp	h → ∅ / V_C
	18.3.2 Proto-Tuparí to Mekens	h → ∅ / V_C
	18.3.4 Proto-Tuparí to Wayoró	h → ∅ / V_C
	18.4.9.1.1 Proto-Monde to Gavião	h → ∅ / V_ (sporadic, likely an areal feature)
	18.4.9.1.2 Proto-Monde to Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró	h → ∅ / V_
	18.4.9.1.3 Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró to Cinta Larga	Vh → Vː
	18.4.9.1.4 Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró to Suruí	h → ∅ / V_
	18.4.9.1.5 Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró to Zoró	h → ∅ / V_
20 Khoisan	20.1.1 Proto-Khoe to Ç̬Ana	h → j / _E
	20.1.2 Proto-Khoe to ÇAni	h → j~ʔ / _E
	20.1.2 Proto-Khoe to ÇAni	h → h~ʔ
	20.1.3 Proto-Khoe to Buga	h → j
	20.1.4 Proto-Khoe to Kxoe	h → j
	20.1.8 Proto-Khoe to Teti	h → j~ʔj / _E
	20.1.8 Proto-Khoe to Teti	h → h~ʔj
	20.1.9 Proto-Khoe to TsÊixa	h → j~ʔj / _E
	20.1.9 Proto-Khoe to TsÊixa	h → h~j
	20.1.10 Proto-Khoe to Ç̬Ui	h → j / _E
	20.1.10 Proto-Khoe to Ç̬Ui	h → ɦ
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1.1.1 Proto-Chibchan to Arhuaco	ts h → s ∅
	23.1.1.1.3 Proto-Chibchan to Kogi	s h → {s,tʃ} {h,∅}
	23.1.1.1.5 Proto-Chibchan to Motilón	h → ∅
	23.1.1.1.6 Proto-Chibchan to Tunebo	m n h j → b {n,r,∅} {h,∅} {j,∅}
	23.1.2 Proto-Lenmichian to Proto-Lencan	{ʔ,h} → ∅
	23.1.3 Proto-Lenmichian to Proto-Misumalpan	{ʔ,h} → ∅
27 Mayan	27.3 Proto-Mayan to Huastecan	h → w / _{o,u}
27 Mayan	27.5 Proto-Mayan to Kaqchikel-Tz’utujil	h → j / _#
28 Muskogean	28.1.2 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Creek	h → x / _%
	28.2.1 Proto-Western Muskogean to Chickasaw	h → ∅ / _#
	28.2.2 Proto-Western Muskogean to Choctaw	ɬh → ɬː
29 Na-Dene	29.1.1.1.13 Proto-Athabaskan to Hupa	h → {h,∅}
29 Na-Dene	29.1.1.1.27 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Navajo	{ɣ,h} → j / in prefixes related to word derivation
30 Niger-Congo	30.2.1 Proto-Potou-Akanic to Proto-Akanic	h̃ hʷ → ɕ ɕʷ
		h → ɲı̃ / #_ã
		h → w / #_
	30.3.1.1.1 Proto-Gbe to Ajá	χʷ hʷ → w p
	30.3.1.1.3 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Fon	hʷ → ʁʷ
	30.3.1.1.4 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Gen	hʷ → {w,ʁʷ}
	30.3.1.1.5 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Phla-Pherá	hʷ → ʁʷ
	30.3.1.1.7 Proto-Gbe to Proto-Vhe	hʷ → w
32 Oto-Manguean	32.1.1 Proto-Chatino to Papabuco Chatino	h → d / _a (…lolwut)
	32.1.1 Proto-Chatino to Papabuco Chatino	h → t / else (…again, lolwut)
	32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatino	h → ʔ / _ã
	32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatino	hʷ → ʍ
	32.2 Proto-Oto-Manguean to Tlapanec	h → ʃ / _C[-voice] (? “both h and š occur before nasals, so it is possible that š has a separate source in Proto Otomanguean”)
	32.2 Proto-Oto-Manguean to Tlapanec	h → CVʔV / _# (or possibly in just any final syllable?)
33 Penutian	33.1.1.4 Proto-Costanoan to Rumsen	h → {h,x,ʔ}
34 Quechumaran	34.1 Proto-Quechumaran to Ayachuco	h → ∅ / {p,t,k,q}_
	34.1 Proto-Quechumaran to Ayachuco	ts(h) tʃh → tʃ s
	34.2 Proto-Quechumaran to Bolivia	qh → h / _r
		ph th kh qh → pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ
		ts {tsh,tʃh} → tʃ tʃʰ
		ɸ(ʼ) ɸh → p(ʼ) pʰ
	34.3 Proto-Quechumaran to Cuzco	h → ∅ / nq_
		h → ∅ / #q_{i,u}
		ph → p / #_VA
		ph → p / #_aC[+sibilant]
		ph → p / a_ (?)
		ph → pʰ
		kh → k / r_
		kh → k / #_a
		kh → k / #_ “in a word with two back vowels”
		kh qh → kʰ qʰ
		ts tsh → tʃ tʃʰ
		tʃh → s / _E
		{tʃh,tʃʼ} → tʃ
		ɸ(ʼ) ɸh → p(ʼ) pʰ
	34.4 Proto-Quechumaran to Huarás	h → ∅ / p_
	34.4 Proto-Quechumaran to Huarás	ts(h) tʃ → tʃ ts
	34.5 Proto-Quechumaran to Putamayo	h → ∅ / ts_
	34.5 Proto-Quechumaran to Putamayo	h → ∅ / #_
	34.6 Proto-Quechumaran to Quito	h → ∅ / ts_
		tʃh → ʃ
		{ɸʼ,ɸh} → ɸ
	34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba	qh → kʰ / _i ! _i{ʃ,tʃ}
		qh → k
		kh → kʰ / #_{i,u}
		kh → k
		h → ∅ / ts_
		tʃh → ʃ
	34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiago	h → ∅ / {p,t,k}_
		ts(h) → tʃ
		h → ∅ / #_
	34.9 Proto-Quechumaran to Tena	q(h) → k
		h → ∅ / ts_
		tʃh → ʃ
		h → ∅ / #_
35 Salishan	35.1.2 Proto-Central Salish to Chilliwack Halkomelem	V³h → V³ː / _C
	35.1.3 Proto-Central Salish to Cowichan Halkomelem	V³h → V³ː / _C
	35.1.4 Proto-Central Salish to Musqueam Halkomelem	V³h → V³ː / _C
	35.1.6 Proto-Central Salish to Lushootseed	V³h → V³{ː,ʔ} / _C
	35.1.9 Proto-Central Salish to Saanich Northern Straits	V³h → V³(ː) / _C
	35.1.10 Proto-Central Salish to Songish Northern Straits	V³h → V³ː / _C
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	{o,a} {a(ta),a(ch)} → e a / _ŋ
	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	{a(ta),a(ch)} → o / else
	36.1.1.1 Old Mandarin to Modern Pekingese	k(ʰ) h → ɕ͡(ʰ) ɕ / _j
	36.3.1.3 Proto-Naish to Naxi	{r,s}N → N̥ → hṼ → hV
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	{Vh,Vʔ} → Vː / _#
	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	nh → hn
	37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian	h → ∅ / #_s
	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	h → ∅ / _nh
		h → ∅ / s_w
		Ch → ∅ / _s#
		h → ∅ / Vː_#
		ths → tsh
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	n hn sC → t th Ch / s_
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	h → ∅ / #_w
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	{ʔ,h} → ∅ / _nh
		h → ∅ / {t,ts,s,k}_
		Vh → Vː / _R
	37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga	jh → hj
		h → ∅ / w_j
		hs → sh / C_
		hts → tsh / C_V
		h → ∅ / _sn
		h → ∅ / _{k,t,ts,s}#
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	h → ∅ / ”Vː[+falling tone]_R
		h → ∅ / _#
		h → ∅ / #_w
	37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk	h → ∅ / w_j
		jh → hj
		— wh → f
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	ths → tsh
		hs → sh / _{n,w}
		h → ∅ / _Ch
		h → ∅ / k_{s,ts}
		h → ∅ / _{sk,st}
		h → ∅ / {st,tst}_
		h → ∅ / ts_r ! “in pre-pausal forms, see also below”
		{h,ʔ} → ∅ / _R “in post-tonic syllables”
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	h → ∅ / _{tk,nh,sC,C#}
		h → ∅ / #_w
		h → ∅ / w_j
		hw → ∅ / õ_
		Vh → Vː / _{n,w,j}
		h → ∅ / V_V
		{ths,tts} → tsh
	37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora	ths → tʃ
		h → ∅ / _nh
		h → ∅ / #_w
		h → ∅ / k_{s,ts,tʃ}
		h → ∅ / Vː_#
	37.2 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Siouan	{t,h} → ∅ / s_
	37.2 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Siouan	h → ∅ / V_C
	37.2.2 Proto-Siouan to Dakota	hk →tʃ
39 Tanoan	39.1 Proto-Tanoan to Jimez	h → ∅
40 Totozoquean	40.2 Proto-Totozoquean to Proto-Totonacan	h → ∅ / ! #_
41 Trans-New Guinea	41.5.1.8 Proto-Gorokan to Move	ʔv ʔm ʔɡ ʔr ʔh → p b k t {s,f}
41 Trans-New Guinea	41.5.1.10 Proto-Gorokan to Yagaria	ʔv ʔm ʔɡ ʔr ʔh → p b k t {s,f}
42 Uralic	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	Vh → hV / {j,v,n,r,l}_# (also some double-metathesis triggered by the condition of being m_ ?)
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	h → ∅ / V[-stress](X)_V
	42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian	h → ∅ / {#,C}_
	42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian	Vh → Vːɦ / _C, except maybe ! _j and/or _ʋ
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.2 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Hopi	l h → n ∅ / medially
	43.4 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Nahuatl	{ʔ,h} → ∅
	43.5.1.1 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Kawaiisu	hkʷ hʔ (h)S Sː → w ʔ S[+ voiced] S[- voiced - long] / V_V
		hts → z / V_i
		h → ∅ / V_tsV
		h → ∅ / _{n,s,ʔ}
	43.5.1.2 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Mono	(h)k → (h)q / _{o,a} ! ɨ_
	43.5.1.2 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Mono	(h)kʷ → hq(ʷ) / _{o,a}
	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	h → ʔ / #_
44 Vasconic	44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque	Sʰ → F → h (→ ∅) / #_
		h̃ → h (not Souletin)
		h → ∅ (western dialects)
		{w,β}h → f
		h…h → ∅…h (“affect[s] both the oral /h/ and the nasalized aspiration”)
		hu hi → ʊ ɪ / {o,e}_ (also happened with /a/ sometimes, but usually such sequences just dropped one vowel)
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes	47.1 List 1: Simple Consonant Changes	h → ŋ (Nyole)

to /h/

387 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Omotic	q ʕ → ʔ h
	6.1.1.2 North Omotic to Dizin	{h₁,h₂} → h
	6.1.1.4 North Omotic to Maale	x₂ → h / #_
	6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho	h₁ → {h,∅} / #_
	6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa	h₁ → {h,∅} / #_
	6.1.1.8 North Omotic to Zayse-Zergulla	x₂ → h / #_
	6.2.2.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Chadic	ħ ʕ → h ʔ
	6.2.2.1.5 Proto-Semitic to Classical Arabic	s → {ʃ,h} / in “anaphora and certain derivational prefixes. . .[t]his is common to many other Semitic languages as well”
7 Algonquian	7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki	ʔ → h / _l
	7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki	nθ nl → sː {sː,hl}
	7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki	ʔ → h / _l
	7.3 Proto-Algonquian to Proto-Arapaho-Atsina	s → h / {V,C}_
	7.3 Proto-Algonquian to Proto-Arapaho-Atsina	r → h / C_
	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	hʔ → ʔh
	7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho	∅ → h / #_V
	7.3.2 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Gros Ventre	hʔ → ʔh
	7.5 Proto-Algonquian to Cheyenne	p t k → {hp,∅} ht {hk,∅}
	7.5 Proto-Algonquian to Cheyenne	s → h
	7.6 Proto-Algonquian to Northern East Cree	q → h / _tʃ
		N → h / _S
		l → h / _k
		{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → s {h,j,hj}
	7.7 Proto-Algonquian to Southern East Cree	q → h / _tʃ
		N → h / _S
		l → h / _k
	7.8 Proto-Algonquian to Plains Cree	q → h / _tʃ
		N → h / _S
		l → h / _k
		{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → s {h,j,hj}
	7.9 Proto-Algonquian to Swampy Cree	q → h / _tʃ
		N → h / _S
		l → h / _k
	7.10 Proto-Algonquian to Woods Cree	q → h / _tʃ
		N → h / _S
		{n,q,h}ʃ {n,q,h}l → s {h,j,hj}
	7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware	ʔ → h / _C ! C = l, or when reduplicated
		{nθ,nl} → hl
		θ ʃ x → x s h / _{p,k}
		{tʃ,ç} → h / _k
	7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee	∅ → h / V[-long]_#
		{s,r} → h / _O
		N → h / _{O,r}
	7.13 Proto-Algonquian to Miami-Illinois	{ʔ,h}{ɬ,l} → hs
		{θ,ʃ,tʃ,ç,x,ʔ} → h / _C
		C[-nas] → h / _k
	7.16 Proto-Algonquian to Piscataway	ʔ → h / _C
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	∅ → h / #_V
8 Altaic	8.1.1 Early Middle Japanese to Modern Japanese	ɸ → h / ! _u
	8.2 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Korean	{tʰ,d} {k,ɡ} → r {h,∅} / {C,V}_{C,V}
	8.2 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Korean	pʰ tʰ kʰ → p t {k,h}
	8.3 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Mongolic	b → h / medially, ! {r(ʲ),l(ʲ)}_ or _ɡ
		pʰ → {h,j} / #_
		pʰ → {b,h} / medially
		p → h (sporadic)
		ɡ → h / ! {C,V}_h
		ŋ → {m,n,ŋ,h}
		j → {j,h}
	8.5 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Turkic	p → ɸ → h / #_
	8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha	{z,ʃ} → h
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen	s → h
9 Austroasiatic	9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen	tʰ → h (Only seems to have occurred with first-register tones)
10 Austronesian	10.1 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian	s ts lʲ → h t n
	10.1.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan	q → h / _#
	10.1.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan	HəS → (h)ə(N)S / #_
	10.1.1.1 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Balinese	r → {r,h} → {∅,h}
	10.1.1.1 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Balinese	h → {∅,h}
	10.1.1.2 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sasak	r → h / _# (Meno-mene and Mriak-mriku only)
	10.1.1.5 Proto-Polynesian to Luangiua	f → h
	10.1.2.5 Proto-Philippine to Ifugao	{s,c} → h
	10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananen	ɡ → h / V_V
	10.2.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Chamic	R q → r h
	10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro	k → h / ! _#
	10.2.3 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayic	H → {∅,h} / _əNS / #_
	10.2.4 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayo-Javanic	q h → h ∅
	10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese	h → {o,h,w} / V_V
	10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese	HəS → (h)əNS
	10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese	HəS → (h)əNS / #_
	10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput	∅ → h / a_#
	10.2.6.2 Proto-North Sarawak to Proto-Kenyah	ʀ →h / V_V(C)#
		ʀ → h / _#
		s → h / _#
	10.2.6.3 Proto-Malayic to Minangkabau	— {p,t,k} s → ʔ h / _#
	10.3.1 Proto-Oceanic to Hawai’ian	{s,f} → h
	10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw	s → h → ∅ (sporadic)
	10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap	s → h “(often)”
	10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàc	pː pwː tː ʈː qː kː → pʰ pwʰ cʰ tʰ h jʰ
	10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàc	jʰ → h / _i
	10.3.5.2 Proto-New Caledonia to Jawé	pː pwː t̪ː tː kː cː → pʰ hʷ t̪ʰ tʰ h jʰ
	10.3.5.2 Proto-New Caledonia to Jawé	jʰ → h / _i
	10.3.5.3 Proto-New Caledonia to Nemi-Pije-Fwai	pː pwː tː t̪ː kː cː → f hʷ t̪ʰ tʰ h jʰ
		t tʰ → c h / _E
		jʰ → h / _i
	10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa	kʰ → h / _a
	10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	pː pwː tː qː cː → pʰ pwʰ tʰ h cʰ
	10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu	jʰ j → h ∅ / _i
	10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	pː pwː tː ʈ kː cː → f hʷ tʰ lʰ h s
	10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei	s → h / _i
	10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga	pː pwː t̪ː tː ʈː cː kː → pʰ pwʰ t̪ʰ tʰ ʈʰ jʰ h
	10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga	jʰ → h / _i
	10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay	∅ → h / #_V (“it isn’t clear if this happens unconditionally”)
	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	v(ʷ) → h
	10.3.11.1 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom	s → h / “rarely”
	10.3.11.2 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Erromango	s {c,*j} → h s
	10.3.11.2.1 Proto-Erromango to Sye	s → h “often”
	10.3.11.2.2 Proto-Erromango to Ura	{s,t} → h / _{n,l,r}
	10.3.11.3 Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Tanna	s c *J → {h,z} {s,z} z
	10.3.11.3.1 Proto-Tanna to Kwamera	s → h “irregularly”
	10.3.11.3.2 Proto-Tanna to Lenakel	s → h “irregularly”
	10.3.11.3.3 Proto-Tanna to North Tanna	{s,c} → {h,s}
	10.3.11.3.4 Proto-Tanna to Southwest Tanna	s → h “irregularly”
	10.3.11.3.5 Proto-Tanna to Whitesands	s → h “often”
	10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan	h → {h,j,∅} (Blevins has marked what apparently is *ɟ but I’m assuming it’s an error)
	10.5.1 Proto-Ongan to Jarawa	k(ʷ) → h(ʷ)
11 Northeast Caucasian	11.1.1 Proto-Avar-Andic to Akhvakh	p → h
	11.1.3 Proto-Avar-Andic to Avar	ts tsː tsʼ tsːʼ dz → sh ts tʃʼ ts(ː)ʼ tsʼ
		q qːʼ ɢ → x {q(ː)ʼ,ɡh} qʼ (not sure if that last 〈gh〉 should be ɣ)
		s sː ɬː x xː → {s,ʃ} x ɬ {x,h} x
	11.3 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Khinalug	sː ɬ(ː) xː → h xʲ x
	11.5.2 Proto-Lezgic to Archi	sː xː → {sː,h} x
	11.5.4 Proto-Lezgic to Rutul	sː ɬ(ː) xː → {ħ,xʲ} {sː,h} x
15 Eskimo-Aleut	15.1 Proto-Eskimo-Aleut to Proto-Aleut	p → h / #_
16 Extended West Papuan	16.1.1 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Nafri	p t → f {s,h} / #_
	16.1.2 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Central Sentani	p b t → f p {s,h} / #_
	16.1.3 Proto-Tabla-Sentani to Eastern Sentani	p t → f {s,h} / #_
17 Indo-European	17.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Gheg Albanian	bʱ dʱ ɡ́(ʱ) → b d dh
		sḱ → h / medial
		s → h / V_V
		i̯ → h / V_
	17.1.2 Proto-Indo-European to Tosk Albanian	bʱ dʱ ɡ́(ʱ) → b d dh
		sḱ → h / medial
		s → h / V_V
		i̯ → h / V_
	17.2 Proto-Indo-European to Common Anatolian	T h₂ → D h₃ / _#
		T h₂ → D h₃ / V[-stress]_V[-stress]
		T h₂ → D h₃ / ”Vː
		T h₂ → D h₃ / ”W
	17.2.1 Common Anatolian to Hittite	h₂ h₃ → hh h
	17.2.2 Common Anatolian to Luwian	h₂ h₃ → hh h
		hh h → h ∅ / ”Vː_u
		hh h → h ∅ / u_”Vː
	17.2.3 Common Anatolian to Lycian	s → h
	17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic	h₂ h₃ → hh h
	17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic	ɡʷ → hʷ / medially
	17.3.1 Proto-Indo-European to Artsakh Armenian	p t → h tʰ / #_ (?)
	17.3.2 Proto-Indo-European to Erevan Armenian	p t → h tʰ / #_ (?)
	17.3.4 Proto-Indo-European to Kharpert Armenian	p t → h tʰ / #_ (?)
	17.3.5 Proto-Indo-European to Sebastia Armenian	p t → h tʰ / #_ (?)
	17.3.6 Proto-Indo-European to Southeast Armenian	p t → h tʰ / #_ (?)
	17.3.7 Proto-Indo-European to Southwest Armenian	p t → h tʰ / #_ (?)
	17.4.1 Proto-Indo-European to Avestan	s → {s,h}
		h(j) → ŋh / a_a
		hw → ŋʷh / a_a
	17.5.1 Proto-Indo-European to Old Irish	p t k kʷ b d ɡ m n l r s → f θ x xʷ v ð ɣ M N L R h / V(#)_{R,V} (“We don’t know the exact values of lenited /m n l r/. We can guess that lenited m became a nasalized labial continuant of some sort, but beyond that, we don’t know.”)
	17.5.2 Proto-Celtic to Middle Welsh	$ → h / V_ (what $ is is unclear)
	17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots	θ → h / _ɪ
	17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse	z x → ʀ h
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	β ɣ → f h / _%
		β ð ɣ → v θ h
		k → h / #_{v,n}
	17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn	θ → h / #_B
	17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn	∅ → h / #_V
		h → {∅,h,k} / _r
		h → {∅,h,k,s} / _n
		hv → {h,k,s}w
	17.8.1 Proto-Indo-European to Aeolian Greek	s → h / #_
		s → h / V_V
		j → h
	17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek	s → h / #_
		s → h / V_V
		j → h
	17.8.3 Proto-Indo-European to Boeotian Greek	s → h / #_
		s → h / V_V
		j → h
	17.8.4 Proto-Indo-European to Coan Greek	s → h / #_
		s → h / V_V
		j → h
	17.8.5 Proto-Indo-European to Cretan Greek	s → h / #_
		s → h / V_V
		j → h
	17.8.6 Proto-Indo-European to Doric Greek	s → h / #_
		s → h / V_V
		j → h
	17.8.7 Proto-Indo-European to Elian Greek	s → h / #_
		s → h / V_V
		j → h
	17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek	s → h / #_
		s → h / V_V
		j → h
17.8.9 Proto-Indo-European to Laconian Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	j → h
17.8.10 Proto-Indo-European to Mycenaean Greek	s → h / #_
	s → h / V_V
	j → h
17.10.1.1 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Central Middle Indo-Aryan	{bʱ,dʱ,ɡʱ} {j,v} → h ∅ / V_V
17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan	{bʱ,dʱ,ɡʱ} {j,v} → h ∅ / V_V
17.10.1.2 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan	kʂ → hk
17.10.1.3 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Northwestern Middle Indo-Aryan	{bʱ,dʱ,ɡʱ} {j,v} → h ∅ / V_V
	sC → Ch
17.10.1.4 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Western Middle Indo-Aryan	{bʱ,dʱ,ɡʱ} {j,v} → h ∅ / V_V
17.10.1.5 Proto-Indo-Aryan to Vedic Sanskrit	{s,ʂ} → h / _#C[- voice]
17.11.1 Proto-Slavic to Polish	∅ → h / _ъ
17.12.1 Proto-Italic to Proto-Latino-Falsican	x → h
17.12.1 Proto-Italic to Proto-Latino-Falsican	ɡʰ → {d,h,ɡ}
17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	bʱ → h / #_ (in rustic dialects)
17.12.1.1.6 Vulgar Latin to Old Provençal	f → h (in Béarn and Gascon)
17.12.1.1.10 Vulgar Latin to Spanish	f → h / ! _{ue,L}
	x → h
	{s̪,s} → h / _$
	{s̪,s} → h “(in all environments)”
17.12.2 Proto-Italic to Proto-Sibellian	{ɡ́ʰ,x} {ɸ,θ,ɡʷʰ} → h f
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.1.2 Pre-Bakairi to Western Bakairi	z → h / V_a
	18.2.2 Proto-Ofaié-Jê to Ofaié-Xavante	ŋʷ hʷ → j̃ h
	18.3.2 Proto-Tuparí to Mekens	ð → h / else
	18.3.3 Proto-Tuparí to Tuparí	β ð → ∅ {s,h} / _i
	18.3.3 Proto-Tuparí to Tuparí	ð → h
	18.4.1 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Akwára	ts → {h,∅}
	18.4.3 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Guajajara	ts → {h,∅}
	18.4.6 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Kamayurá	p → h / _{o,u,w}
	18.4.6 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Kamayurá	ts → {h,j,∅}
	18.4.7 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Parintintín	ts → {h,∅}
	18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó	p → {h,∅} / _{u,o}
	18.4.8 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Sirionó	p → h / else
	18.4.10 Proto-Tupí-Guaraní to Urubu	ts → {s,h}
19 Kartvelian	19.2 Proto-Kartvellian to Svan	tʃ ʈʂ tɬʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ → {tʃk,ʃɡ} tʃ h {ʃkʼ,tʃʼkʼ} tʃʼ
20 Khoisan	20.1.2 Proto-Khoe to ÇAni	h → h~ʔ
	20.1.8 Proto-Khoe to Teti	h → h~ʔj
	20.1.9 Proto-Khoe to TsÊixa	h → h~j
21 Lakes Plain	21.2.1.1 Proto-Central Tariku to Edopi	ɸ → h
	21.2.1.2 Proto-Central Tariku to Iau	ɸ → ɸ~h
	21.2.2.1 Proto-East Tariku to Biritai	p → h~ɸ
	21.2.2.3 Proto-East Tariku to Eritai	p → p~h
	21.2.2.5 Proto-East Tariku to Obokuitai	p → ɸ~h
	21.2.2.6 Proto-East Tariku to Sikaritai	p → p~h
	21.2.3.1 Proto-West Tariku to Deirate	p → ɸ~h
	21.2.3.2 Proto-West Tariku to Faia	p → ɸ~h
	21.2.3.3 Proto-West Tariku to Fayu	p → ɸ~h
	21.2.3.4 Proto-West Tariku to Kirikiri	p → ɸ~h
	21.2.3.5 Proto-West Tariku to Sehudate	p → ɸ~h
	21.2.3.6 Proto-West Tariku to Tause	p → ɸ~h
	21.2.3.7 Proto-West Tariku to Weirate	p → ɸ~h
22 Macro-Arawakan	22.3 Proto-Arawá to Hypothetical Arawán Substrate	pʰ → h / medially
22 Macro-Arawakan	22.6 Proto-Arawá to Sorowahá	{p(ʰ),ɓ} → h
23 Macro-Chibchan	23.1.1.1.1 Proto-Chibchan to Arhuaco	s → kh / _(V)k
	23.1.1.1.2 Proto-Chibchan to Chibcha	Vs → h / n_
	23.1.1.1.2 Proto-Chibchan to Chibcha	s → h / V_V
	23.1.1.1.3 Proto-Chibchan to Kogi	s → h / _Vn
	23.1.1.1.3 Proto-Chibchan to Kogi	s h → {s,tʃ} {h,∅}
	23.1.1.1.6 Proto-Chibchan to Tunebo	s → h / _(V)C
	23.1.1.1.6 Proto-Chibchan to Tunebo	m n h j → b {n,r,∅} {h,∅} {j,∅}
25 Macro-Panoan	25.1.1 Proto-Tacanan to Cavineña	{ɕ,tɕ} → h
	25.1.2 Proto-Tacanan to Chama	s ɕ → ð h
	25.1.3 Proto-Tacanan to Reyesano	ɕ x → ð h
	25.1.4 Proto-Tacanan to Tacana	x → h / #_
	25.1.4 Proto-Tacanan to Tacana	x → {h,∅}
27 Mayan	27.3 Proto-Mayan to Huastecan	ŋ → h
28 Muskogean	28.1.1 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Alabama	ts x → s h / _C
	28.1.2 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Creek	x → h
	28.1.3 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Hitchiti	x → h
	28.1.4 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Korasati	x → h
	28.1.5 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Mikasuri	ʃ x → ts h
	28.1.6 Proto-Eastern Muskogean to Seminole	ʃ x → ts h
	28.2 Proto-Muskogean to Proto-Western Muskogean	x → h
		C₁[+ weak] C₂[+ weak] → ʔ h / V_V#
		xʷ → h / %_{o,i}(C)#
	28.2.2 Proto-Western Muskogean to Choctaw	xʷ → h / V_V
29 Na-Dene	29.1.1.1.9 Proto-Athabaskan to Dogrib	C → h / _$
	29.1.1.1.13 Proto-Athabaskan to Hupa	h → {h,∅}
	29.1.1.1.19 Proto-Athabaskan to Proto-Southern Athabaskan	ɣ → h / in prefixes relating to word derivation
	29.1.1.1.19 Proto-Athabaskan to Proto-Southern Athabaskan	t n x → d n h / in prefixes relating to word derivation
	29.1.1.1.21 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Kiowa Apache	{xʲ,j}ʔ {x,ɣ}ʔ → ∅ h(ʔ) / _#
		x ɣ → h ∅ / _#
	29.1.1.1.22 Proto-Eastern Southern Athabaskan to Jicarilla	xʲ xʔ j ɣʔ → h ʔ ∅ ʔ / E_#
		xʲ xʔ j ɡʔ → ih iʔ i iʔ / _#
		xʲʔ jʔ → h ʔ / _#
	29.1.1.1.27 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Navajo	xʲ(ʔ) j(ʔ) → h ʔ / _#
	29.1.1.1.27 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to Navajo	x ɣ → h ʔ / _#
	29.1.1.1.28 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to San Carlos	x(ʲ) {j,ɣ} → h ∅ / _#
	29.1.1.1.28 Proto-Western Southern Athabaskan to San Carlos	xʲʔ jʔ → h ʔ / _#
	29.1.1.1.29 Proto-Athabaskan to Bearlake Slavey-Hare	C → {h,ʔ} / _#
	29.1.1.1.31 Proto-Athabaskan to Mountain Slavey-Hare	C → {h,ʔ} / _#
	29.1.1.1.32 Proto-Athabaskan to Slavey Slavey-Hare	C → {h,ʔ} / _#
	29.1.1.1.37 Proto-Athabaskan to Tanacross	ʃ → h / in the “1sg subject prefix”
	29.1.1.1.37 Proto-Athabaskan to Tanacross	ɬ → h / in the grammatical classifier
	29.1.1.1.39 Proto-Athabaskan to Upper Tanana	ʃ → h / in the “1sg subject prefix”
	29.1.1.1.39 Proto-Athabaskan to Upper Tanana	ɬ → h / in the grammatical classifier
30 Niger-Congo	30.1.1.1 Proto-Bantu to Sebirwa	p t d c ɟ k ɡ → ɸ ɹ {d,l} tʰ ∅ h {∅,ɡ}
	30.1.1.2 Proto-Bantu to Tswana	nk k → kʰ h / _u
	30.1.1.2 Proto-Bantu to Tswana	p t tʃ k {dʒ,ɡ} ɲ → h r tɬʰ χ ∅ n
	30.1.2 Pre-Proto-Bantu to Proto-Manenguba	f → h (perhaps not in all languages?)
	30.2.1 Proto-Potou-Akanic to Proto-Akanic	ɰ ɰ̃ w̃ → h h̃ h̃ʷ / #_
32 Oto-Manguean	32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatino	ç → hj
33 Penutian	33.1.1 Proto-Utian to Proto-Costanoan (Ohlone)	ʃ → h
	33.1.1.4 Proto-Costanoan to Rumsen	h → {h,x,ʔ}
	33.2.2 Proto-Wintuan to Patwin	k(ʰ) kʼ q(ʰ) qʼ → tʃ(h) tʃʼ kʰ kʼ
	33.2.2 Proto-Wintuan to Patwin	x χ → s h
	33.3.1.2 Buena Vista Yokuts to Hometwoli	∅ → h / V(ː)_, when stressed (only sometimes, “particularly before consonants”)
34 Quechumaran	34.1 Proto-Quechumaran to Ayachuco	ʃ ʂ → s h
	34.2 Proto-Quechumaran to Bolivia	qh → h / _r
		{k,q} → h / _{C,#}
		ʂ → h / _{a,i}
	34.3 Proto-Quechumaran to Cuzco	ʃ ʂ → s h
	34.4 Proto-Quechumaran to Huarás	ʂ → h / _{i,u}
	34.6 Proto-Quechumaran to Quito	q → h / {r,s}_
		kʼ → h / j_
		χ → h #_
	34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba	k → h / _#
	34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiago	{k,q} → h / _{C,#}
	34.8 Proto-Quechumaran to Santiago	ʂ → h / _u
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	ɦ → h / S_V²
	36.3.1.1 Proto-Naish to Laze	S{b,ɡ} Sk → v h / _V
	36.3.1.1 Proto-Naish to Laze	N̥V → hṼ
	36.3.1.2 Proto-Naish to Mosuo (Na)	S{b,ɡ} Sk → ∅ h
	36.3.1.2 Proto-Naish to Mosuo (Na)	N̥V → hṼ
	36.3.1.3 Proto-Naish to Naxi	n̥ → l̥ → h / %_V
	36.3.1.3 Proto-Naish to Naxi	{r,s}N → N̥ → hṼ → hV
	36.3.2.1 Proto-rGyalrongic to bTshan La	t d Nt Nd st sd çT tr (ç)dr KT → tʰ t Ntʰ md zd st çtj trh (ç)tr kt
	36.3.2.2.2 Proto-rGyalrongic to lCog Rtse	(N)t (N)d st sd KT çT tr dr çtr → (N)tʰ mt zd st kt çt(j) trh tr çtr
	36.3.2.2.5 Proto-rGyalrongic to Trung	dʒ → tsh
	36.3.2.2.7 Proto-rGyalrongic to Tzu Ta	k rk kr kj Nkj ɡr → kʰdz nɡ kʰr tʃh dʒ nkʰr
	36.3.3.1 Old Tibetan to Amdo dialects	{d,ɡ,s,l,r} → {h,r} / #_
	36.3.3.1 Old Tibetan to Amdo dialects	pʰ b → h w
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Iroquoian	x → h / _C ! C_C
	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	tsn → hst
		n → h / _st
		nh → hn
	37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian	iji(ː) → hi(ː) / {k,s}_ “(possibly after all non-glottal obstruents)”
	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	ts → hs / V_ ! _{h,i,j,r}
		t → h / _t
		ths → tsh
		∅ → h / {t,k}_n
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	n hn sC → t th Ch / s_
		k → h / _{t,ts,s,ʃ}
		r → h / ʃ_
	37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga	ts → hs / V_V ! _i
		jh → hj
		hs → sh / C_
		hts → tsh / C_V
		k → h / _k
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	ts → hs / V_{t,k(ʷ)}
	37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk	jh → hj
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	ths → tsh
		hs → sh / _{n,w}
		ʔ → h / _C “in post-tonic syllables”
		— ʔ → h / _C#
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	r → h / s_
		t → h / _{n,t}
		{ths,tts} → tsh
		∅ → h / k_n
	37.2.2.1 Dakota to Santee Dakota	kr → hd / #_
	37.2.4.1 Proto-Čiwere-Winnebago to Čiwere	k → h / _m
	37.2.5.2 Proto-Crow-Hidatsa to Hidatsa	km → hp
		sk kx → tsk hk / _”V
		sk → hts / ”V_
	37.2.6.3 Proto-Dhegiha to Osage	sn mt → hn d
38 Tai-Kadai	38.1.1.1 Proto-Tai to Ahom	ŋ̊ → h
	38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai	mw f → f {f,v,w,h}
	38.1.1.4 Proto-Tai to North Tai	xr x {x,ɣ}ʷ → r̥ h {w,v,h}
	38.1.1.5 Proto-Tai to Southwest Tai	xr → h
	38.1.1.5.1 Southwest Tai to Lao	r̥ → h
	38.1.1.5.2 Southwest Tai to Lü	r̥ → h
	38.1.1.5.3 Southwest Tai to Shan	r̥ → h
	38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamese	r̥ → h
	38.1.1.5.4 Southwest Tai to Siamese	ŋ ɡ ɣ → {h,ʃ} kʰ ɡ
	38.1.1.5.5 Southwest Tai to Black Tai	r̥ → h
	38.1.1.5.6 Southwest Tai to White Tai	r̥ → h
39 Tanoan	39.1 Proto-Tanoan to Jimez	k(ʷ)ʰ kʷ(ʼ) ɡ ɡʷ → h ɡ k kʷ
40 Totozoquean	40.1 Proto-Totozoquean to Proto-Mixe-Zoquean	x {ɬ,tɬ} → h j
41 Trans-New Guinea	41.1 Proto-Trans New Guinea to ApalÉ¨	t k ŋ → {l,t} {h,k} n / #_
	41.1 Proto-Trans New Guinea to ApalÉ¨	p k ⁿd → β {h,k} nj / V_V
	41.7 Proto-Trans New Guinea to Kâte	k ᵐb ⁿd → {k,h} b {s,t} / #_
42 Uralic	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	{z,x(ː)} → h
	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	{p,k} → h / _t
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	Vh → hV / {j,v,n,r,l}_# (also some double-metathesis triggered by the condition of being m_ ?)
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.1 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Comanche	p t ts s → v r ∅ h
	43.1 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Comanche	∅ → h / V_u_k
	43.5.1.2 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Mono	(h)k → (h)q / _{o,a} ! ɨ_
		(h)kʷ → hq(ʷ) / _{o,a}
		m → h / _p
		nː → h
	43.6 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Tohono O’odham	s ŋ → h n
44 Vasconic	44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque	Sʰ → F → h (→ ∅) / #_
		n → h̃ / V_V
		h̃ → h (not Souletin)
		h…h → ∅…h (“affect[s] both the oral /h/ and the nasalized aspiration”)
		*-ɾ → -h stuff in compounds
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes	47.1 List 1: Simple Consonant Changes	ŋ → {x,h} (various Mayan languages)

with context involving /h/

103 matches

6 Afro-Asiatic	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	xV → k / _h
	6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber	q → ʔ / h_
	6.2.2.1.3 Ancient Egyptian to Coptic	n → l / #_(V){s,ʃ,h}V{m,b}#
	6.2.2.1.3 Ancient Egyptian to Coptic	n → l / #_V{m,b}{s,ʃ,h}
	6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic	ʕ → {ʕ̞,ħ} / _h
7 Algonquian	7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware	k → ∅ / h_ (sometimes restored via analogy, e.g., in verbs)
		Vː → V[-long] / _hC
		{a,ə} → ∅ / _{x,h} “in the odd-numbered of any sequence of one or more short-vowel open syllables”; such vowels are considered “weak”
		ə → o / _h{p,kʷ,w,m}
		ə → i / _hC
	7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee	w → ∅ / h_V
	7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee	V[-long] → ∅ / _hV
		Vː → V[-long] / _{ʔC,ʃp,ʃk,hV}
		∅ → ʔ / C{v,d}_{ʃp,ʃk,hV}
8 Altaic	8.3 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Mongolic	ɡ → h / ! {C,V}_h
8 Altaic	8.3 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Mongolic	kʰ → ɡ / {C,V}_h
10 Austronesian	10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese	ə → u / _h#
	10.2.6.2 Proto-North Sarawak to Proto-Kenyah	i u → e o / _h#
	10.2.6.3 Proto-Malayic to Minangkabau	— u i → uə iə / _{k,ŋ,h,l,r}#
	10.5.1 Proto-Ongan to Jarawa	∅ → a / h#_ (that’s not a typo; this happens across the word boundary)
17 Indo-European	17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic	— u → ɔ / _{r,h} (unless this r “arose from older s by assimilation”)
	17.7.1 Common Germanic to Gothic	— i → ɛ / _{r,h,ʍ}
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	aː → oː / _{N,C[+ dental],P,h} (sporadic?)
	17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German	aː → oː / {N,C[+ dental],P,h}_ (sporadic?)
	17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse	n → ∅ / V{ː,V}_hV
	17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse	Vn → Vː / _hV
	17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse	e → ja / ! {{h,k,ŋ}n,w,v,l,r}_, _{u,o,i}
		a(i) {e,w{æ,i}} {we,ei} (w)ɪ → ey ø y ʏ / w_ ! hw_
		e → jɒ / _(C)(C)(C)u ! {{h,k,ŋ}n,w,v,l,r}_
		e → ja / _(C)(C)(C)u ! {{h,k,ŋ}n,w,v,l,r}_
		ai wi (w)V → eː weː (w)Vː / _h#
		ɒ → oː / n_h
		ai → aː / _h{C,V}
		F[- voice] → ∅ / {s,f,x,h,t}_{p,t,k}
	17.7.4 Common Germanic to Vandalic	e → i / ! {w,r,h}_
	17.9 Proto-Indo-European to Hittite	e(ː) → a(ː) / _h₂
		e(ː) → a(ː) / h₂_
		e(ː) → o(ː) / _h₃
		e(ː) → o(ː) / h₃_
	17.10 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Indo-Iranian	e → a / _{h₂,h₃}
		e → a / {h₂,h₃}_
		p → b / _h₃
	17.12.1.1 Proto-Indo-European to Latin	ɡ → ∅ / _h
	17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian	Ch → C / _(V)Ch
18 Je-Tupı́-Carib	18.4.9.1.2 Proto-Monde to Proto-Cinta Larga-Suruí-Zoró	V → Ṽ / _h
28 Muskogean	28.2 Proto-Muskogean to Proto-Western Muskogean	V → ∅ / V{k,ʔ,h}_#
32 Oto-Manguean	32.1.1 Proto-Chatino to Papabuco Chatino	ẽ → i / h_
32 Oto-Manguean	32.1.3 Proto-Chatino to Yaitepec Chatino	ẽ → ı̃ / {t,h}_#
34 Quechumaran	34.7 Proto-Quechumaran to Riobamba	ɲ → n / ! h_i
36 Sino-Tibetan	36.1.1 Late Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin	C → Cʲ / {K,C[+pharyngeal]}_{a,a(ch)}
37 Siouan-Iroquoian	37.1.1 Proto-Iroquoian to Cherokee	w → ∅ / h_i
		w → ∅ / t(h)_
		V → ∅ / C_hC
		s → ∅ / #h_V
		ts → s / h_
	37.1.2 Proto-Iroquoian to Proto-Northern Iroquoian	i → e / ! _hCC (“short only”)
	37.1.2.1 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Cayuga	h → ∅ / _nh
		ts → hs / V_ ! _{h,i,j,r}
		ts → s / ! _{h,i,j,r}
		r → n / _(h)j
	37.1.2.1.1 Cayuga to Upper Cayuga	s → f / h_r
	37.1.2.1.1 Cayuga to Upper Cayuga	ts → s / _(h)r
	37.1.2.1.2 Cayuga to Lower Cayuga	ts → t / _(h)r
	37.1.2.1.2 Cayuga to Lower Cayuga	V → V[-voiced] / _h “(odd syllables only)”
	37.1.2.2 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Huron	n → ∅ / t(h)_
		t → k / _(h)w
		∅ → k / s_(h)w
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	{ʔ,h} → ∅ / _nh
	37.1.2.2.1 Huron to Wyandot	n → t / _h
	37.1.2.3 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Onondaga	ts → s / ! _{h,i,j}
		n → ∅ / h_r
		ts → tʃ / _{(h)i,(h)j}
		s → ʃ / _{hi,hj}
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	ts → s / ! _{h,i,j}
	37.1.2.4 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Proto-Mohawk-Oneida	”V → ”Vː[+falling tone] / _{ʔ,hR}
	37.1.2.4.1 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Mohawk	∅ → e / {tsh,s,n}_r
		w → ∅ / _jh
		— wə̃ → ũ / {h,s}_
		— t → tʃ / _(h)j
		— ts → tʃ / _{(h)i,(h)j}
		— s → ʃ / _(h)j
	37.1.2.4.2 Proto-Mohawk-Oneida to Oneida	h → ∅ / _Ch
		ts → tʃ / _{(h)i,(h)j}
		s → ʃ / _(h)j
	37.1.2.5 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Seneca	h → ∅ / _{tk,nh,sC,C#}
		r → n / _(h)j
		r → ∅ / Vh_
		r → j / C[-glottal](h)_{o(ː),õ(ː)
		R → ∅ / _h
		k → ∅ / _hts
	37.1.2.6 Proto-Northern Iroquoian to Tuscarora	ts → tʃ / _{h,i,j}
		n → t / ! _{h,kʷ,V[+nas]}
		h → ∅ / _nh
		w → ∅ / _jh
		∅ → t / hs_r
	37.2 Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Siouan	s → ∅ / h_
41 Trans-New Guinea	41.5.1.8 Proto-Gorokan to Move	V[+ low tone] → ∅ / C_hV[+ high tone]
42 Uralic	42.1.1.1 Proto-Finnic to Proto-Finnish	e → @ / h_ (suffixal)
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	V → Vː / h_hC
	42.1.1.1.1 Proto-Finnish to Standard Finnish	V → Vː / _hC (sporadic)
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.2 Proto-Uto-Aztecan to Hopi	i → j / h_ ! _#
43 Uto-Aztecan	43.5.1.2 Proto-Mono-Kawaiisu to Mono	ɨ → i / _h
44 Vasconic	44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque	u ũ → y ỹ / _r(p(ʰ),β,k(ʰ),ɣ,l,s̺,s̻,ʃ,h) (Souletin)