8 Altaic | 8.1 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Japonic | {a,e,o,æ} i u y ø → ə i ua {u,ə} {ə,u} / _Ce
|
{a,æ,e,ø,i,y} o → i u / _Ci
|
e i {o,u} æ ø y → {ə,a} {i,ə} ə a {ə,u} {u,ə} / _Co
|
8.3 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Mongolic | e o u æ ø y → {a,e} {o,u} {a,o,u a {a,o,u} {o,u,i} / _Ca
|
a e i o u æ ø y → {a,i} {e,ja} {e,i} {ø,y,o} {o,u,y} {i,a,e} {e,ø} {ø,y,o,u} / _Ce
|
a e u æ ø y → {a,e} {e,i} {y,ø} {i,e} {i,e,ø} {ø,y,o,u} / _Ci
|
a e o i æ ø y → {a,i,e} {a,e} u {o,u} e {ø,y,o,u} {o,u} / _Co
|
a e {o,u} æ ø y → {a,o,u} {e,a} {o,u} {a,o,u} {e,i,u} {i,o,u,y,ø} / _Cu
|
8.4 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Tungusic | {u,ø,y} æ → {o,u} ia / _Ca
|
y → u / P_C{e,i}
|
æ ø y → ia {o,u} i / _Ci
|
{u,æ,y} ø → {o,u} ia / _Cu
|
8.5 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Turkic | a e i u æ ø y → a {a,ʌ,e} {ɯ,i} {u,o} {ia,ja,ɛ} {ia,ja} ɯ / _Ca
|
y → i / {r(ʲ),l(ʲ)}_e
|
a {e,i} o u æ ø y → {ɛ,a} ɛ {ø,o} {y,u} {ia,ja,ɛ} {ia,ja} {y,ø} / _Ci
|
a e i æ ø y → {o,ja,aj} {ʌ,ɜ} ɯ {ia,ja} {o,u} {u,o} / _Co
|
e i æ ø y → {ɛ,a,ʌ} {ɯ,i} {e,a} {u,o} ɯ / _Cu
|
8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyz | {u,ɯ}w {i,y}w aw {æ,e}w → uː yː oː øː
|
10 Austronesian | 10.1.2.5 Proto-Philippine to Ifugao | ay → e / _#
|
17 Indo-European | 17.2.5 Common Anatolian to Palaic | hhy → “something like /ʒ/”
|
17.7.2.1.2 Old English to Kentish Middle English | ɑː y(ː) → ɔː e(ː)
|
17.7.2.1.3 Old English to Midlands Middle English | ɑː y(ː) → ɔː i(ː)
|
17.7.2.1.8 Old English to Northern Middle English | y(ː) → i(ː)
|
17.7.2.1.10 Old English to Scots | {y,i} → ɪ
|
17.7.2.1.12 Old English to Southern Middle English | y(ː) → i(ː)
|
17.7.2.2.3 Modern Dutch to Polder Dutch Vowel Shift | ɛi œy ʌu → ai ay au
|
17.7.2.2.4 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongization | ɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
|
17.7.2.3 Middle High German to Standard German | y(ː) yə ø(ː) øy → i(ː) iə e(ː) ei (intermittent)
|
uə yə iə → uː yː iː
|
ou øy ei → au oy ai
|
u y → o ø / _N (with some occasional exceptions)
|
17.7.3 Common Germanic to Proto-Norse | o(u) {ɔ,ɑ,au,ai,æ} {ja,jE,æ(i),e(i),y} → u a i
|
17.7.3.1 Proto-Norse to Old Norse | au {ai,ey,ei} æ{y,i} øy Vː → o e æ ø V / #(C)(C)(C)_CC
|
{æ,e}i ai au w{ɪ,i} wy wV iu Vː → eː aː oː weː woː wVː eː oː V
|
ey → {jo,æ}ː / _ʀ
|
uN yN iN VN → o øː eː Vː / _{s,f}
|
17.7.3.1.1 Old Norse to Early Icelandic | u o a ø y e i → uː oː aː øi yː ei iː / _{ɲc,ɲɟ,ŋk,ŋɡ}
|
u o a øː eː y i → ʏɪ oi ai øi ei yː iː / _j
|
u oː aː ʏɪ {y,i} {y,i}ː æː eː ey → ʏ ou au ai y ɪ i je ei
|
17.7.3.1.2 Old Norse to Orkney Norn | ny → in
|
y → {ɪ,i}
|
ey → eː / _F
|
ey → ɛ / _r
|
ey → ai
|
17.7.3.1.3 Old Norse to Shetland Norn | {u,o}(ː) a aː {ɒ,œ,y} e i(ː) → {o,ɔ}(i) æ(i) {ɔ,ɒ}(i) {o,ɔ}(i) {æ,e} / _{Ḱ,Cʲ}
|
{ɒ,ey} j{u,o,a}ː yː → o ø u / Ḱ_
|
y → ə / _r(ː)
|
ey → ø
|
17.8.2 Proto-Indo-European to Attic Greek | oj → øj → yj (→ yː sometimes)
|
y → i
|
17.8.8 Proto-Indo-European to Ionic Greek | oj → øj → yj (→ yː sometimes)
|
17.12.1.1.7 Vulgar Latin to Rhaeto-Romance | uː → y (→ i in most descendants, with the exception of Engadine)
|
17.13 Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian | Kʷy → ɕ
|
p {ts,k(ʷ)} m n l r y → pj sʲ ʂ mj ɲ lj rj wj / _{E(:),y}
|
oː(s,y) oːn → u {u,õ}
|
oy ay ey → ɛi ai əj
|
36 Sino-Tibetan | 36.2 Sin Sukchu to Guānhuà | y → ɥ (→ y~u dialectally?) / C̣_
|
yʔ → yɛʔ / {l,C[+dental +sibilant]}_ in “QYS -juət-type” finals, dialectally?
|
yʔ → oʔ (eventually → {ʊʔ,(i)uʔ?) / {l,C[+dental +sibilant]}_, in “QYS -k-types”
|
yʔ → yʔ(~yɛʔ?) / {∅,C[+guttural]}, in -juət-types
|
yʔ → ioʔ (→ iʊʔ dialectally?) / {∅,C[+guttural]}_, in -k-types
|
yʔ → {ɥʔ,yʔ,uʔ} / C̣, in -juət-types
|
yʔ → oʔ (→ ʊʔ?) / C̣_, in -k-types
|
yjʔ → yʔ
|
yn → un / C̣_ (may have stayed yn or → ɥn in at least one area?)
|
je jeʔ yeʔ → ɛ ɛʔ uɛʔ / C̣_
|
yeʔ → yɛʔ (→ {uɔʔ,yɔʔ} in southern speech?)
|
ye jej → yɛ i
|
yen → uɛn / C̣_
|
yen → yɛn
|
42 Uralic | 42.1.1 Pre-Finnic to Proto-Finnic | yje → øː → jø (?)
|
42.1.1.1.2 Standard Finnish to Modern Standard Finnish | ie yɤ uo → iː yː uː / _A
|
42.1.2 Proto-Finnic to Livonian | æy ey → æu eu
|
y ø → i e / else
|
44 Vasconic | 44.2 Proto-Basque to Basque | {w,y} → ∅ / _ja
|
46 Vowel Shifts | 46.3 Belgian and Netherlandish Dutch Monophthongization | ɛi œy ɔu → ɛː œː ɔː
|
46.4 Polder Dutch Vowel Shift | ɛi œy ʌu → ai ay au
|
46.8 Greek Vowel Shift | y(ː) ɔː → i(ː) ɔ
|
46.10 Late Proto-Finnic to Savonian Vowel Shift | æy øy → æː øː
|
46.11 Middle Chinese to Cantonese Vowel Shift (“The Inner-Outer Flip”) | uə yə → ɔ œ / _{n,t}
|
46.13 Old Norse to Faroese Vowel Shift | {i,y} → iː / ɪ
|
47 Most-Wanted Sound Changes | 47.3 List 3: Vowels | y → u (some mainland Greek dialects, and Tsakonian; this particular sound change has been said in some places to be impossible) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsakonian_language#Consonants)
|